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Yurt Dışında Türkçe'nin Yabancı Bir Dil Olarak Öğretimi: İngiltere Örneği (Genel Durum, Sorunlar ve Öneriler)
No full textTürkçe, günümüzde çok geniş bir coğrafyada yabancı dil olarak öğretilmektedir. Bu öğretimi hem Türkiye merkezli kurumlar hem de yabancı kurumlar gerçekleştirmektedir. Örneğin İngiltere’de Yunus Emre Enstitüsü ve T.C. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı gibi Türk kurumları ile Oxford, SOAS, Exeter ve Cambridge gibi İngiliz üniversiteleri, ortaöğretim kurumları veya yerel özel kurslar Türkçeyi yabancı bir dil olarak öğretmektedir. Türkçenin yabancı bir dil olarak öğretiminin İngiltere’deki durumunu genel hatlarıyla betimlemeyi amaçlayan ve fenomenoloji desenine göre tasarlanmış olan bu nitel çalışmada veriler, Londra Yunus Emre Enstitüsünün Türkçe öğretimi faaliyetlerinde görev alan öğretmenlerden toplanmıştır. Bu öğretmenler, uygun örnekleme kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve bire bir yüz yüze görüşmeyi kabul etmiştir. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların onayı ile alınan ses kayıtları önce yazılı metinlere dönüştürülmüş, sonra da içerik analizleri yapılarak yorumlanmıştır. Buna göre; İngiltere’ye Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğretmek amacıyla gönderilen öğretmenlerin çoğunun bu alanda özel bir eğitim almadığı, bazılarının üniversitede dil eğitiminden farklı bir bölümde okuduğu ve Türkçe öğretimini ilk kez yurt dışında deneyimlediği; İngiltere’deki öğrenme ortamlarının fiziki şartları yeterli olmasına rağmen ders kitaplarının içeriğinin yeterli olmadığı; ders kitaplarındaki eksiklikleri gidermek için öğretmenlerin ek kaynaklar kullandığı; dil öğretim sürecinin bütün aşamalarında öğretmenlerin birbirine destek verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında çeşitli nedenlerle son zamanlarda Türkçe öğrenmeye karşı ilginin arttığı ve bunun geliştirilebileceği belirlenmiştir
Examining the Relationship Between Perception of Cancer and Empathy: Descriptive Research
No full textObjective: This study was conducted to determine the ef- fect of patients’ relatives’ empathy level on their perception of cancer. Material and Methods: This study was designed as descriptive re- search. It was carried out at a university hospital located east of Turkey. The universe of the research was constituted by patient relatives at the aforementioned hospital and other healthy individuals. Data were col- lected using the Personal Introduction Form, the Questionnaire for Mea- suring Attitudes Toward Cancer (Cancer Stamp)-Community Version, and the Empathy Level Scale designed by the researchers of this study 1,006 relatives of patients constitute the sample of the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, cor- relation, regression, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis. The re- sults of the analysis of the data collected for this study were evaluated within a 95% confidence interval, and significance was determined as p<0.05. Results: It was found that participants had positive perceptions of cancer, that their empathy scores were high, and that their cognitive empathy was higher than their social skills and emotional response. The presence of family members and the degree of relationship with them were important determinants for the questionnaire measuring attitudes toward cancer (cancer stigma) community version.Conclusion: In this study, a significant negative correlation was found between empathy and cancer-related perceptions. Respondents’ attitudes toward cancer were found to change positively as empathy increased
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI Evaluation of Patellar Position According to the Physeal Line in Pediatric Patients
No full textAim: Abnormal positioning of the patella, of which the superior position is defined as patella alta (PA), whereas the inferior position is defined as patella baja (PB). Most of the measurements of patellar position evaluations are time-consuming. In this study, we aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy of visual evaluation of the patellar position according to the physeal line and to determine the inter- and intraobserver agreement of this evaluation in MRI examinations. Material and Methods: Knee MRI examinations performed between 2019-2021 with different knee symptoms and prediagnoses were retrospectively analyzed in this study. As a reference test, Insall-Salvati Ratio was calculated by the following formula: Tendon length/patellar length. Two visual evaluation methods were used; physis line to the patella (PLP) and physis line to patellar joint cartilage (PLC). Results: Three hundred and sixty consecutive children aged 60-215 months were included in the study. There was excellent an agreement of both intra- and interobserver on PLP and PLC for two observers (? > 0.800, for all). When we evaluated intra- and interobserver agreements according to groups, almost perfect agreements were detected (? > 0.750, for all). Diagnostic accuracy for both two observers on the visual evaluation of PLP was almost perfect (Sensitivity 95.5%, specificity 87.2% for observer 1, and Sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 87.2% for observer 2), and on the PLC evaluation was also good (Sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 82.9% for observer 1, and Sensitivity 88.1%, specificity 85.5% for observer 2). Conclusion: Even though direct radiography is used in the diagnosis of PA and PB, it has been shown that MRI can also be used in pediatric patients in daily practice. Instead of the time-consuming measurements used in MRI, it may be kept in mind to use these methods in our study for practical and accurate diagnosis
In silico modeling of ?-glucosidase, aldose reductase, and PPAR-? with benzoyl/sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives using molecular docking, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and has become a serious public health problem in over the world. There are various antidiabetic drugs on the market, but most of these drugs cause many side effects such as diarrhea, kidney failure, musculoskeletal pain, and enlarged urinary system infections in the clinical treatment of T2DM. Therefore, there is a need for new antidiabetic drugs that can be used orally, are safe with improved efficacy, and reduced side effects. Today, drugs targeting alpha-glucosidase (?-glucosidase), peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPAR-?), and aldose reductase have an important role in the treatment of T2DM. This study is aimed to develop new antidiabetic agents with molecular modeling methods that are more effective, and specific and have fewer side effects than existing drug molecules for ?-glucosidase, PPAR-?, and aldose reductase. Herein, enzyme-ligand interaction mechanisms between target enzymes and 45 hydrazone compounds were examined by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. In addition, the ADME properties of these compounds and their pharmacokinetic suitability according to Lipinski and Veber’s rules were evaluated. Compound 2 has shown the best binding affinity against ?-glucosidase, compound 27 for aldose reductase, and compound 4 for PPAR-? and these compounds exhibited good ADME properties. Also, the best active hydrazone compounds have been observed to interact with key amino acid residues on target enzymes via hydrogen bonds. This information can guide the development of new antidiabetic agents by making important contributions to experimental studies
Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Antisocial Personality Disorder Patients
No full textBackground: Antisocial personality disorder is a frequently studied personality disorder, and its etiopathogenesis is still investigated. Neuroimaging demonstrated that certain regions of the brain could be associated with this disorder, and in the present study, we aimed to investigate the changes in retina, which could be considered an extension of the brain in antisocial personality disorder patients with optical coherence tomography. Methods: The study was conducted with 35 patients and 35 healthy controls. The study data were collected with the Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-Short Form. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, choroidal thickness, and macular thickness were analyzed based on optical coherence tomography. Results: The Beck Depression Inventory (P =.044), Beck Anxiety Inventory (P =.005), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-motor (P <.001), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-non-planning dimension (P <.001), and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-total scores (P <.001) of the patients were significantly higher when compared to the controls. The superior (P =.013) and inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P <.001) of the patients were significantly lower when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly lower in the patient group when compared to healthy controls, which suggested that it could be associated with the pathophysiology of antisocial personality disorder
The Effect of Daily Activities on the Activity of Stress Axes in Preschool Children
No full text[Abstract Not Available
Flight activity of aphids in different colour traps on citrus orchard
No full textAphids feed on plant sap from the phloem and xylem and cause the formation of honeydew. This damage is mostly done by wingless aphids, but winged aphids pose more economically important problems such as virus transmission. Cultural, biological, biotechnical and chemical control methods are used in the control of winged and wingless aphids. The flight activity of aphids is difficult to control because a minute or half an hour of feeding is sufficient for a single individual to transmit the disease. In order to benefit from or use integrated pest management strategies (IPM), monitoring the aphid population is the first and most critical step in deciding on the necessary control method. This study was carried out at Çukurova University Plant Protection Experiment Station between October 2009 and October 2011 in order to understand the propagation time of aphids and the targeted sampling method from poultry individuals. A total of 400 trees were planted in the orchard in September 2002 at 5 x 3 m intervals. Different color painted (white, red, blue, yellow and green) water traps (18 x 32 cm) filled with tap water and a small amount of liquid soap were placed between the rows, and each trap was placed on a platform, 120 cm above the ground. Different color painted water traps were used to determine and compare the capture of winged aphids. All captured individuals were diagnosed under the microscope after the preparation was made. After diagnosis, cluster analyzes were evaluated according to color selection and similarity index. In this study, the effect of different colored attractive traps on aphids was investigated. Yellow colored trap showed the strongest attraction for aphids and also for many other pests and beneficial insects groups. Other colored (green, white, red and blue color) traps used in the trial can be recommended in terms of attractiveness and environmentally friendly control for the biotechnical control of aphids
Obesity as a modifying factor of periodontal therapy outcomes: local and systemic adipocytokines and oxidative stress markers
No full textObjectives Adipocytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the pathogenesis of both obesity and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal therapy outcomes in terms of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of adipocytokines and OS markers in obese patients with periodontitis, in order to have an insight into the association between obesity and periodontitis.Materials and methods A total of 39 patients (20 obese, 19 non-obese) with periodontitis were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters were assessed; serum and GCF levels of adipocytokines and OS markers were evaluated by ELISA at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy.Results Significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters were observed in both groups at 3 months (p < 0.01). While serum levels of TNF-alpha, leptin, and total oxidant status (TOS) in the obese group were higher at baseline (p < 0.01), leptin levels remained higher at 3 months despite a significant decrease (p < 0.01). Although NSPT improved GCF levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and TOS in both groups, they were significantly different between the groups after therapy (p < 0.05).Conclusions It seems that leptin, TNF-alpha, and TOS contribute to systemic inflammatory and oxidative state in patients with obesity. Despite improvements in clinical periodontal parameters, obesity might be a modulating factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease in terms of some adipocytokines and OS markers.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [114S823]This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), (Project number 114S823)
Amnon Cohen,Economic Life in Ottoman Jerusalem, cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989.179 sayfa.ISBN 0521365511.
No full text16. yüzyıl Osmanlı Kudüs'ü üzerine yapılan çalışmalar genellikle nüfus verileri ve mimarisi ile alakalıdır. Amjon Kohen'in bu çalışması Osmanlı Sicil Defterleri kayıtları incelenerek yazılmış bir eserdir. Kitapta çoğunlukla 16. yüzyıl kayıtları mevcuttur. Verilen bilgilerden bahsedilen dönemde Kudüs'ün ekonomik ve sosyal hayatı hakkında çıkarırlar yapmak mümkündür. Bu haliyle araştırmacılar için önemli bir eserdir
Pre-harvest Protective Bag Applications in Fruits
No full textBitkisel üretimde kullanılan tarımsal ilaç ve gübrelerin çevre ve insan sağlığına olumsuz etkilerine karşı tüketicilerin hassasiyeti son yıllarda bir hayli artmıştır. Eğitimli ve bilinçli tüketiciler meyvenin fiziksel ve duyusal özellikleri kadar gıda hijyeni ve güvenliğini de önemsemektedir. Sağlıklı ve kaliteli meyve üretiminde koruyucu torba kullanımı son yıllarda hızla yaygınlaşan bir tekniktir. ‘Meyve torbalama/poşetleme’, hasattan belirli bir süre önce meyvelerin tek tek veya salkım halinde kâğıt veya plastik torbalara alınıp belirli bir süre dış ortamdan izole edilme tekniğidir. Çin, Japonya, ABD, Hindistan, Avustralya, Şili ve Tayvan’da elma, armut, portakal, muz, üzüm ve mango gibi birçok meyvede uzun yıllardan beri uygulanmaktadır. Torbalama, meyvede kuş, böcek, hastalık ve mekanik zararlanmaya karşı fiziksel bir koruma ortamı sağlamakta, kabuk çatlaması, güneş yanıklığı ve ilaç kalıntısını azaltmaktadır.Consumer sensitivity to the negative effects of pesticides and fertilizers used in plant production on the environment and human health has increased considerably in recent years. Educated and conscious consumers are about food hygiene and safety as much as the physical and sensory properties of fruit. The use of protective bag in healthy and quality fruit production is a rapidly wide spread technique in recent years. ‘Bagging' is the technique of taking the fruits individually or in bunches in to paper or plastic bags for a certain period of time before harvesting and isolating them from the outside environment for a certain period of time. It has been practiced for many years in many fruits such as apples, pears, oranges, bananas, grapes and mangoes in China, Japan, USA, India, Australia, Chile and Taiwan. Bagging provides a physical protection environment against birds, insects, diseases mechanical damage in the fruit, reduces fruit cracking, sunburn of the skin and pesticide residue