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THE EFFECTS OF FRITZ KREISLER ON THE VIOLIN PERFORMANCE INTERPRETATION TRADITION IN THE CONTEXT OF PERFORMANCE PRACTICES AND REPERTOIRE
No full textBu çalışmada, 20. yüzyıl keman virtüözü ve bestecilerinden Fritz Kreisler’in (1875-1962), keman müziğine etkilerinin, yorum geleneği, performans pratikleri ve eserleri bağlamında müzikolojik bir bakış açısıyla incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kreisler’in keman performans üslubu, 19. yüzyılın sonlarından 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısına geçişte belirleyici bir rol oynayarak keman icrasında yeni standartlar oluşmasına yol açmıştır. Çalışmada, Kreisler’in keman çalma tekniği aracılığıyla yorum geleneğine getirdiği yenilikler arasında özellikle sürekli vibrato ve portamento kullanımının dönemin keman icrası üzerindeki devrim niteliğindeki etkileri ayrıntılı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Kreisler’in yorumculuğu, birçok kaynakta belirtildiği üzere eserlerin müziksel ifadesini taşıyan incelikli, lirik ve teknik bir üslup temeline dayanmaktadır. Kemandaki teknik ustalığını daima müziğin anlamsal içeriğini vurgulamak için kullanan besteci, özellikle çift sesler, üç ve dört sesli akorlar ve artikülasyon bakımından keman literatürüne önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, Kreisler’in küçük formlu ve kısa eserleri döneminin konser pratiğinde kalıcı bir repertuvar oluşturmuş; bu eserler hem icra tekniklerinin gelişmesine hem de pedagojik repertuvarın zenginleşmesine yardımcı olmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca Kreisler’in klasik eserler üzerine yaptığı radikal edisyonlar ve kadans düzenlemelerinin tarihsel ve müzikolojik açıdan önemi tartışılmıştır. Özellikle Beethoven, Paganini gibi bestecilerin eserlerine yaptığı düzenlemeler, döneminin performans anlayışında estetik ve pratik açılardan önemli dönüşümlere öncülük etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Kreisler’in mirasının günümüz keman yorumculuğunda, eğitiminde ve repertuvar seçimlerinde hâlen etkisini sürdürdüğü görülmektedir. Kreisler’in müziksel ifade, teknik yenilik ve bestecilikte yarattığı sentez, 20. yüzyıl ve sonrasındaki keman performans geleneğinin şekillenmesinde temel referans noktalarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çalışma, Kreisler’in mirasının gelecekteki müzikolojik araştırmalar ve keman performans geleneği açısından taşıdığı önemi vurgulamaktadır.This study aims to examine the influence of Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962), a 20th-century violin virtuoso and composer, on violin music from a musicological perspective in the context of his interpretive tradition, performance practices, and works. Kreisler’s violin performance style played a decisive role in the transition from the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, leading to new standards in violin performance. In this study, among the innovations that Kreisler brought to the interpretation tradition through his violin playing technique, especially the revolutionary effects of the use of continuous vibrato and portamento on violin performance of the period were evaluated in detail. As stated in many sources, Kreisler’s interpretation is based on a lyrical, elegant and technical style that carries the musical expression of the works. The composer, who always used his technical mastery of the violin to emphasize the semantic content of the music, made significant contributions to the violin literature, especially in terms of double stops, triads and quartets, and articulation. In this context, Kreisler’s small-form and short works formed a permanent repertoire in the concert practice of his period; these works helped both the development of performance techniques and the enrichment of pedagogical repertoire. The study also discusses the historical and musicological significance of Kreisler’s radical editions and cadenza arrangements of classical works. In particular, his arrangements of works by composers such as Beethoven and Paganini pioneered significant transformations in the performance approach of his period in terms of aesthetics and practice. In conclusion, it is seen that Kreisler’s legacy is still influential in today's violin interpretation, education and repertoire choices. Kreisler’s synthesis of musical expression, technical innovation and composition is recognized as one of the main reference points in shaping the violin performance tradition of the 20th century and beyond. The study emphasizes the importance of Kreisler’s legacy for future musicological research and the violin performance tradition
A Novel Approach in Cerebellar Cystic Pilocytic Astrocytoma Surgery: Spherical Coordinate System
No full textAchieving gross total resection is the primary prognostic factor in pilocytic astrocytomas. The spherical coordinate system (SCS) is an alternative to the Cartesian system for defining a point’s location in space. While the Cartesian system uses X, Y, and Z axes, the SCS utilizes ? (distance from the origin), ? (the angle with the positive X-axis, 0 to 360 degrees), and ? (the angle with the positive Z-axis, 0 to 180 degrees). A 73-year-old female patient presented with headaches, dizziness, and gait disturbance over the past month, along with nausea and vomiting. She had previously undergone cerebellar tumor surgery in February 2020, and two years later, similar solid and cystic structures reappeared, suggesting a residual tumor. In such cases, using the SCS may help reduce remnant tumor rates and minimize the need for secondary operations
Could Low Altitude Predict the Use of Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents in Hemodialysis Patients?
No full textIntroduction Altitude may influence the requirement for erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to compare anemia-related parameters, ESA utilization, and intravenous (IV) iron supplementation among HD patients residing at different altitudes. Methods This retrospective-multicenter study was conducted in three provinces of T & uuml;rkiye, each located at a distinct altitude: Balikesir (139 m; low-altitude-group [LA]), Malatya (964 m; moderate-altitude-group [MA]), and Hakkari (1728 m; high-altitude-group[HA]). Results Two hundred and twenty nine HD patients were included in the study: 99 in the LA group, 77 in the MA group, and 53 in the HA group. The mean age was 59 +/- 13 years. ESA use was observed in 92 (93%) patients in the LA group, 61 (73%) in the MA group, and 43 (81%) in the HA group (p = 0.021). Age (OR: 1.102, 95% CI: 1.035-1.174, p = 0.003), female gender (OR: 6.068, 95% CI: 1.080-34.111, p = 0.041), residing at LA (OR: 12.845, 95% CI: 1.833-90.118, p = 0.010), IV iron use (OR: 21.015, 95% CI: 3.397-130.009, p = 0.001), hematocrit (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.229-0.578, p < 0.001), and ferritin (OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.005, p = 0.007) were identified as independent predictors of ESA use. Conclusion Residing at LA was associated with increased ESA requirements in HD patients, suggesting that altitude may be a relevant factor in anemia management
Evaluation of the Antioxidative and Protective Effects of Thymoquinone in a Pentylenetetrazole-induced Epilepsy Model
No full textObjective: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that leads to neuronal excitability and provokes various forms of cellular reorganization in the brain. We investigated the antioxidative and protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) from the perspective of biomarkers in serum samples of rats using a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy model. Methods: Twenty-one adult, male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups. (1) Control (n=6); 0.5 mL saline (i.p.). (2) PTZ (n=7); 35 mg/kg PTZ (i.p.). (3) TQ+PTZ (n=8); 20 mg/kg TQ orally (p.o.)+ 35 mg/kg PTZ (i.p.). To induce kindling, PTZ was injected at a subconvulsive dose (35 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 24 days. Then, on the 26th day of the study, a single loading dose of PTZ (75 mg/kg) was injected into the animals. Seizure severity was evaluated with the Racine scale. Blood samples were taken from rats under anesthesia by the cardiac puncture method. The serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), ischemia-modified albumin, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total sulfhydryl (T. sulfhydryl), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were evaluated colorimetrically by the ELISA method, using a spectrophotometer. Results: A significant relationship was found between PTZ and TQ+PTZ groups for TAS (p=0.020), TOS (p=0.006), AOPP (p=0.015), and T. sulfhydryl (p=0.009). MPO and PON-1 were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: TQ may be used as an adjuvant agent in the regulation of epileptic seizures with its antioxidative and protective functions in the PTZ-induced epilepsy model. At the same time, serum parameters can potentially be diagnostic tools for the effective managing of treatment
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Relapse and Outcome
No full textObjectives To evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and prognostic data of children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with respect to anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody status.Methods Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis patients (n = 245) from 24 centers followed up between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. The short- and long-term outcome characteristics (disease severity and course, clinical relapse, and recovery rates) were assessed. Incomplete clinical recovery was defined as modified Rankin Score >= 1 or the presence of epilepsy. Univariant and multivariant analysis were performed for outcome characteristics.Results The mean age at diagnosis was 6.3 +/- 3.8 (0.5-17.7) years and the median follow-up was 22 (3-132) months. The outcome characteristics were evaluated in 180 of 245 patients (73.4%) with at least 12 months' follow-up. Twenty-three patients (12.6%) relapsed. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following clinical parameters as predictors of relapse: sex, visual impairment, and ataxia at initial presentation. Incomplete clinical recovery (n = 42/180, 23.3%) was associated with the presence of seizures on admission and the need for an intensive care unit. Anti-MOG antibody positivity was not associated with an increased risk of relapse (25% vs 13.1%, P = .164) or incomplete clinical recovery (P = .511).Conclusion The nationwide cohort presented further supports the typically monophasic nature of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and a high rate of complete recovery. The presence of certain symptoms in the acute period may assist the clinician in estimating the outcome
The effect of differen carbon dioxide concentrations on the polyphagous plant pest Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim DalıPamuk yaprak biti (Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera:Aphididae)), bitkide emgi yapması ve virüs hastalıklarını taşıması sebebiyle önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açan polifag bir bitki zararlısıdır. Bu çalışmada, atmosferde artan karbondioksit (CO2) seviyelerinin bu zararlının biyolojisi üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Denemeler, 400?±?50 ppm, 550?±?50 ppm ve 700?±?50 ppm CO2 düzeylerinde, sabit sıcaklık (22.5?±?1?°C), %60?±?5 nem ve 16:8 saatlik ışık süresine sahip iklim odalarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, gelişim süresi, üreme ve toplam yaşam süresi gibi biyolojik parametrelerde CO2 seviyelerine bağlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Gelişim evreleri açısından, birinci ve ikinci nimf dönemleri en uzun 550 ppm CO2 düzeyinde gerçekleşmiş (1.43?±?0.10 ve 1.70?±?0.99 gün), üçüncü ve dördüncü dönemlerde ise en uzun süreler 400 ppm CO2 düzeyinde kaydedilmiştir (2.14?±?0.16 ve 2.04?±?0.19 gün). En uzun erginlik süresi 700 ppm CO2'de (18.00?±?1.03 gün), toplam yaşam süresi ise yine bu seviyede 24.00?±?1.00 gün olarak ölçülmüştür. Doğurganlık açısından, ortalama yavru sayısı kontrol grubunda (400 ppm) 25.39 iken, 550 ppm ve 700 ppm'de sırasıyla 13.70 ve 15.34 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Kalıtsal üreme yeteneği (rm) ve net üreme gücü (R?) en yüksek 400 ppm'de (0.27 ve 23.71), en düşük ise 550 ppm'de (0.19 ve 13.70) tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, yükselen CO2 seviyelerinin A. gossypii'nin yaşam süresini uzatırken, üreme kapasitesini azalttığı yönünde kanı oluşturmuştur. Bu durum, iklim değişikliğinin zararlı türlerin popülasyon dinamikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin dikkate alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Aphis gossypii, CO2, Küresel Isınma, Karbon EmisyonuThe cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)) is a polyphagous insect pest that causes significant economic losses due to its phloem-feeding behavior and ability to transmit viral diseases. In this study, the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on the biology of A. gossypii were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in climate-controlled chambers under three different CO2 concentrations: 400?±?50 ppm (control), 550?±?50 ppm, and 700?±?50 ppm, with constant temperature (22.5?±?1?°C), relative humidity (60?±?5%), and a photoperiod of 16:8 (light:dark) hours. The results revealed significant differences in biological parameters such as developmental time, reproduction, and total lifespan across the different CO2 levels. Among the nymphal stages, the first and second instars exhibited the longest durations under 550 ppm CO? (1.43?±?0.10 and 1.70?±?0.99 days, respectively), while the third and fourth instars showed the longest durations under 400 ppm CO? (2.14?±?0.16 and 2.04?±?0.19 days, respectively). The longest adult longevity was recorded at 700 ppm CO? (18.00?±?1.03 days), and the total lifespan was also highest at this level (24.00?±?1.00 days).In terms of fecundity, the average number of offspring per female was 25.39 in the control group (400 ppm), while it decreased to 13.70 and 15.34 at 550 ppm and 700 ppm CO?, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (R?) were highest at 400 ppm (0.27 and 23.71, respectively), and lowest at 550 ppm (0.19 and 13.70, respectively). These findings suggest that elevated CO2 concentrations prolong the lifespan of A. gossypii, while reducing its reproductive capacity. This highlights the importance of considering the effects of climate change, particularly increased atmospheric CO2, on the population dynamics of insect pests in future pest management strategies. KEY WORDS: Aphis gossypii, CO2, Global Warming, Carbon Emissio
6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Merkezli Depremlerin Psiko-Sosyal ve Ekonomik Etkilerinin Keşfedilmesine İlişkin Nitel Bir Çalışma
No full textTürkiye’de 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde meydana gelen Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler, son yılların en yıkıcı depremlerindendir. Elli binden fazla insanın hayatını kaybettiği, 100 binden fazla insanın yaralandığı ve milyonlarca insanın evsiz kaldığı bu depremler, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin görmüş olduğu en şiddetli ve en fazla kaybın yaşandığı depremlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı meydana gelen bu depremlerden doğrudan etkilenen deprem mağdurlarının deprem anında ve sonrasında yaşadıklarını açığa kavuşturmak ve sorunlarını araştırmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgubilim yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma grubu 36 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular depremden sonra yaşanan zorluklar, depremin psikososyal etkileri ve ülkemizin deprem konusundaki eksikleri olmak üzere üç ana temadan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar, deprem sonrasında başta barınma olmak üzere birçok temel ihtiyaca erişmede zorluklar yaşamışlardır. Sonuç olarak, katılımcılar deprem sonrasında sosyal çevreden uzaklaşarak yalnızlaştıklarını, depremin derin izler bıraktığını ve bu izlerin uzun yıllar silinmeyeceğini düşündüklerini ifade etmişlerdir
İnsanlarda yaşlanmanın beyin üzerindeki etkisi: Kapsamlı bir inceleme
No full textAbstract The human brain is an approximately three-pound organ and serves as the ultimate command center of the human body through the sensory, motor and autonomic nervous systems. Aging is a complex process involving many molecular and metabolic events. There are many theories that try to explain this process. These theories cannot be considered in isolation and are interconnected. During the aging process, functional decline occurs in many organs. In this process, the brain is subjected to changes at histological, physiological and molecular levels. The main morphological changes seen with aging include brain volume loss, gray and white matter atrophy, cortical thinning, loss of gyrification and ventricular enlargement. The cellular, morphological and functional changes that occur in the brain with aging have been reported to be caused by molecular changes, especially in neurons and glia cells. Brain aging is known to be the greatest risk factor for various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, which are known to be a major public health problem. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of brain aging. This review focuses on the histological, physiological, and molecular changes that occur in the brain during the aging process. Key words: Aging, Brain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseaseÖzet İnsan beyni yaklaşık olarak üç kiloluk bir organdır ve duyusal, motor ve otonom sinir sistemleri aracılığıyla insan vücudunun en üst düzey komuta merkezi olarak hizmet etmektedir. Yaşlanma birçok moleküler ve metabolik olayın içerisinde bulunduğu kompleks bir süreçtir. Bu süreci açıklamaya çalışan birçok teori bulunmaktadır. Bu teoriler tek başına düşünülemez ve birbiriyle bağlantılıdır. Yaşlanma sürecinde, birçok organda fonksiyonel gerileme meydana gelmektedir. Bu süreçte beyinde histolojik, fizyolojik ve moleküler düzeyde değişime maruz kalmaktadır. Yaşlanmayla birlikte görülen başlıca morfolojik değişiklikler arasında beyin hacmi kaybı, gri ve beyaz madde atrofisi, kortikal incelme, girifikasyon kaybı ve ventriküler genişleme yer almaktadır. Yaşlanmayla beyinde meydana gelen hücresel, morfolojik ve fonksiyonel değişikliklere özellikle nöron ve glia hücrelerinde gerçekleşen moleküler değişimlerin neden olduğu bildirilmiştir. Beyin yaşlanmasının, büyük bir halk sağlığı sorunu olduğu bilinen Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalıkları da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli nörodejeneratif hastalıklar için en büyük risk faktörü olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle beynin yaşlanma mekanizmasının anlaşılması önemlidir. Bu derlemede yaşlanma sürecinde beyinde meydana gelen histolojik, fizyolojik ve moleküler değişiklikler üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Anahtar kelime: Yaşlanma, Beyin, Alzheimer hastalığı, Parkinson hastalığ
The Use Complementary and Alternative Practices among Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: An Example of University Hospital
No full textAim: The consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM) have a serious impact on the quality of life. As the results obtained from diabetes management are not satisfactory for some patients, they resort to complementary and alternative practice (CAP) methods. The study was conducted in order to examine the patients with diabetes mellitus who use and do not use CAP according to various variables. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The data were collected between January-July 2020. The research was carried out at endocrine service and outpatient clinics of a university hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis. Results: In the study, it was determined that 21% of diabetic patients used one of the CAP methods and mostly preferred herbal tea [chamomile, green tea, clove, sage, thyme] and cinnamon. It was found that 54,5% of the patients used CAP practices during the treatment process, 31,8% as soon as the diagnosis was made, 11,4% before treatment and 2.3% after treatment. In the study, 70,5% of the patients stated that they knew the effect of the CAP method they used, 56,8% found the CAP method useful, and 81,8% stated that they had no health problems related to the method they used. It was found that 43,2% of the patients used CAP for 1-3 months, 47,7% used it every week. Conclusion: It was observed that patients with DM who participated in the study frequently used CAP methods to reduce/stabilise blood glucose levels and mostly used information teas and cinnamon. It was observed that half of the patients received information about the CAP method from neighbours/friends and only one third of the patients stated that they benefited from the CAP method they used
The Effects of MicroRNAs on Cardiomyopathy in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus
No full textObjective: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by complex pathophysiological events. miRNAs play a role in the DCM. In our study, the potential of miRNAs as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of DCM was evaluated in the diabetes model induced by streptozotocin in rats. Methods: Therefore, miRNAs obtained from rat heart tissue were analyzed by microarray, and twelve miRNAs (rno-miR-200c-3p, rno-miR-129-5p, rno-miR-150-3p, rno-miR-3584-5p, rno-miR-34c-3p, rno-miR-342-3p, rno-miR-466b-3p, rno-miR-466c-3p, rno-miR-31a-3p, rno-miR-15b-5p, rno-miR-196b-3p, and rno-miR-208a-5p) with changed expression levels were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: As a result of the validation, it was determined that three miRNAs (rno-miR-15b-5p, rno-miR-196b-3p, and rno-miR-208a-5p) were downregulated, one miRNA (rno-miR-200c-3p) was upregulated (p<0.05). MiR-15b-5p, miR-196b-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-15b-5p are involved in the regulation of DCM, and the GRAP2 gene is one of the possible targets of these miRNAs. Conclusion: miR-200c-3p has diagnostic value and may be a biomarker candidate