Journals at the University of Arizona
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Large intact forest landscapes and inclusive conservation: a political ecological perspective
No full textIntact Forest Landscapes (IFLs) are global conservation units that aim to combat fragmentation, alteration, degradation, and loss of global forests. ILFs are typically recognized for their biodiversity, carbon storage, protection of hydroecological systems and other ecosystem services. However, IFLs are distinctive among other conservation efforts because they do not immediately prioritize conservation approaches that have goals of alleviating human poverty or improving well-being. The prevailing view is that IFL conservation should engage with ecocentric models of conservation. In this article, we leverage political ecology's analytical attention to power, institutions, identities, and scales to make suggestions on ways in which to integrate biocentric conservation considerations into IFL practices. From a scoping literature review, we found the following areas are especially critical for the future of IFL conservation: (1) prioritizing Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) as actors and beneficiaries of conservation; (2) identifying the value of knowledge integration and co-production for conservation; (3) addressing heterogenous communities and equity impacts, and (4) the need for procedural mechanisms in conservation initiatives that support nesting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities management and governance in polycentric systems. Furthermore, the development of diagnostic questions of scaling community-based conservation and adaptive strategies beyond their original scope in terms of community definitions, landscape and political context may be beneficial for addressing multi-stakeholder needs, identifying more equitable approaches, sharing strategies and obtaining successful outcomes in IFL conservation.Keywords: Indigenous peoples and local communities, large intact landscapes, forests, conservatio
"Anishinaabe time": temporalities and impact assessment in pipeline reviews
No full textIndigenous ways of living that embrace multiple temporalities have been largely supplanted by a single, linear colonial temporality. Drawing on theoretical insights from Indigenous geographies and political ecology, this article considers how pipeline reviews come into being through contested temporalities and how dominant modes of time dispossess Indigenous peoples of self-determination in energy decision-making. In particular, Anishinaabe clan governance – a form of kinship that provides both social identity and function based on relations to animal nations – is undermined in colonial decision-making processes. Through analysis of documents from Canada's National Energy Board and interviews with Anishinaabe pipeline opponents, I explore tensions between Anishinaabe and settler temporalities reflected in the 2012-2017 Line 9 pipeline dispute in the Great Lakes region. These include divergent understandings of periodicities, timeframes, kinship relations, and the role of nonhuman temporalities in decision-making. Colonial temporal modes that have been imposed on Indigenous communities foreshorten timescales, depoliticize kinship relations, and discount nonhumans in decision-making – resulting in narrower and more short-sighted project reviews than Anishinaabe temporalities would support. I argue that the rich concepts of kinship, queerness, continuity, and prophecy embedded in Anishinaabe temporalities can inform strategies for decolonizing energy review processes and open possibilities for Indigenous self-determination in energy decision-making.Keywords: Anishinaabe studies, Two-Spirit, Indigenous geographies, temporalities, Indigenous knowledge, energy governance, pipeline, National Energy Boar
Review of Bram Büscher and Robert Fletcher. 2020. The Conservation Revolution: radical ideas for saving nature beyond the Anthropocene. New York: Verso
No full textPayments for environmental services, gendered livelihoods and forest management in Vietnam: a feminist political ecology perspective
No full textEconomic approaches to combat environmental degradation and deforestation have resulted in development initiatives such as the Payment for Environmental Services program (PES). This study deals with the effects of PES on women's livelihoods in Thuong Lo commune, Central Vietnam. Employing a feminist political ecology perspective and adopting a qualitative approach, we analyze the gendered roles, responsibilities and effects of PES on local livelihoods. We found that the women in our study portrayed different preferences and knowledge in relation to PES, forest management and livelihoods. Women are often excluded in PES projects due to a range of various socio-cultural factors.Keywords: Payments for Environmental Services; forest management; gender; women's empowerment; livelihoods; Central Vietnam; Co Tu peopl
WINDS OF CHANGE: NEW WOMEN AND THE BICYCLE AROUND THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
No full textBefore the bicycle, women were prisoners in their own homes and bodies, their indenties were tied to the domestic realm. Anxieties about the bicycle arose out of tensions of the changing roles of women. Much of the cultural comment focused on the New Woman and the bicycle. In the era of technological modernity from 1890-1900, New Women seized the opportunity to ascribe individuality to a mass produced object such as the bicycle in order to spread the idea of freedom for women to the masses. The New Women’s belief in gender equality, independence and increased mobility out of the home had a major effect on women’s self-concept. The identity of the New Woman was a driver of materialism which helped women become participants in the public sphere. Men feared the swift away from traditional gender roles would have a negative impact on marriages, society and culture. At the core of men’s fear was the bicycle was giving women more of a right to choose how to think, behave, and make their own choices about their bodies. In this essay I will argue that mass production of the bicycle planted the idea and desire in masses of women’s equality which is evident from the male establishment’s attempt to force women back into traditional domestic roles outside of the public sphere
WHOLE-BODY LYMPHANGIOSCINTIGRAPHY AND SPECT/CT IN CHILDREN WITH LYMPHATIC COMPLICATIONS AFTER SURGERY FOR COMPLEX CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
No full textThe number of patients surviving repair ofcomplex congenital heart disease (CCHD) hasincreased due to improved surgical techniques,post operative management and outpatientcare. Likewise, this growing patient populationhas demonstrated an increasing number andcomplexity of complications involving the lymphaticsystem. To evaluate the peripheral andcentral lymphatic system, whole-body lymphangioscintigraphy(LAS) is considered as theinitial imaging evaluation of choice. To date,very few publications exist on the value of lymphaticimaging techniques in infants and smallchildren with lymphatic complications followingsurgery for congenital heart disease. A retrospectivereview of medical records from 2008to 2018 was performed for pediatric patientsreferred for lymphatic complications afterCCHD surgery at an academic medical center.LAS and SPECT/CT was performed using intradermalbipedal injections of Tc 99m labeledfiltered sulfur colloid, and in some patients alsobilateral hand injections, followed by dynamicimaging and whole- body planar imaging typicallyup to 180 minutes post injection. Clinicaldecision making and outcomes were recorded.LAS and SPECT/CT were performed withoutcomplication in pediatric patients with priorsurgery for CCHD. LAS successfully localizedvarious lymphatic abnormalities such aslymphatic obstruction, reflux, and leaks, whichwere further delineated by SPECT/CT. LASfindings directed further evaluation with moredefinitive studies, management and prognosis.Five of the ten patients had follow up outcomedata – 2 years and up to 10 years. LAS andSPECT/CT are safe and effective techniquesfor the initial evaluation of lymphatic abnormalitiesin pediatric patients with CCHD.LAS, particularly with further 3D localizationby SPECT/CT, provides functional imagingof peripheral and central lymphatic flow andthus provides guidance for medical therapy,non operative interventional management, andsurgical therapy for these diverse, debilitating,and often life threatening disorders
Connecting the Past to the Future of Computer-assisted Language Learning: Theory, Practice, and Research
No full textComputer-assisted language learning (CALL) has established itself as a fruitful area of inquiry that contributes to language education and educational technology. CALL has witnessed the endeavor of exploiting technology for robust and meaningful language learning and teaching from scholars over a period of more than fifty years. With the continued advancement of technology, the field of CALL are facing new challenges and possibilities in terms of theory, practice, and research in this new era. Thus, a review of major trends in past CALL and a critical projection of future CALL are needed in order to capture the dynamics and opportunities for future technology-enhanced language learning. This article provides an overview of the evolution of theory and practice in CALL research. The author explores the state of the art and important future areas of inquiry of CALL by addressing emerging technologies. This paper concludes with theoretical and methodological considerations for approaching CALL today and beyond.DOI:10.2458/azu_itlt_v8i1_ha
Slavery, Dependency, and Obligation in the Early Modern Malay Archipelago: Towards a Refashioned ‘Slave Mode of Production‘
No full textThis article explores slavery, bondage, and systems of dependency in the early modern Malay Archipelago, with a focus on the transformations of local slavery systems upon the arrival and expansion of Dutch colonial and mercantile interests. The Dutch East India Company, which operated the largest and most expansive slaving network in the Indian Ocean world, was but one of many different slavery systems in the Malay Archipelago that included Chinese, Indian, Arabic, and indigenous forms of slavery. In this article, I argue that the uses and forms of slavery and bondage in the Malay Archipelago during the heights of Dutch East India Comapny influence represents a refashioned Slave Mode of Production, drawing on cultural and social histories to revise and modify Paul Lovejoy's widely circulated and largely economic concept of a 'Slave Mode of Production'. I argue this refashioned mode of production was heavily based on indigenous social systems of bondage and dependency, and focused on socio-cultural forms of production (and reproduction) like familial structures, political status, and social norms
