Journals at the University of Arizona
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LYMPHATIC TRANSPORT OF BACTERIA IN SURGICAL INFECTION
No full textThe lymphatics have often been considered the final common pathway to the systemic circulation for tissue fluids and protein. Little significance has been placed on the system as the common pathway for delivery of bacteria to the systemic circulation and the reticuloendothelial system from an infection site or even from the normally contaminated organ manipulated at the time of a surgical procedure. Infectious complications following surgical manipulation constitute one of the major causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The recovery of viable bacteria from thoracic duct lymph of patients undergoing thoracic duct cannulation for investigation of the etiology of jaundice, enteritis and peritonitis caused us to further investigate this route of dissemination of organisms in surgical inflammatory diseases of the abdomen
HIGH SPONTANEOUS AND MITOGEN-INDUCED ACTIVITY OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN LYMPH DRAINING NORMAL HUMAN SKIN
No full textLymphocytes in afferent lymph draining skin are derived from populations selected at the capillary level to enter the tissue space and which migrate spontaneously through the tissue to the initial lym phatics. These cells reveal a high spontaneous t rans formation rate in a 72 h culture. The mean 3 H TdR incorporation was in a 24 h culture 2 times and in a 72 h culture 5 times higher than that of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same subjects. The lymph cells responded significantly stronger to low concentrations of PHA, ConA and PWM than the blood cells. Also, the peak response of lymph cells was apparent at lower concentrations of mitogen in culture than of blood cells. The lymph cell population revealing a high spontaneous transformation rate was found to be the OKT4 enriched subset (induced/helper). The findings of a high spontaneous activation of lymphocytes which trafficked through the normal skin and defining this highly reactive sub set as an OKT4 -positive and strongly responsive to mitogens reflect the in vivo immune events in the normal skin
THE PERMEABILITY OF THE PLASMA-LYMPH BARRIER OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF VARIOUS SPECIES TO MACROMOLECULES
No full textThe filtration coefficients of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of molecular weight 10,000-110,000 were measured at the plasma-lymph barrier of the upper smalI intestine of rabbits, rats and cats. For this purpose the animals were given intravenous injec tions or infusions of PVP in such a way as to pro duce a constant blood level; PVP concentrations were measured in lymph obtained by cannulating the mesenteric duct and also in the plasma. In these species low molecular weight PVP had a filtration coefficient of 0.85 - 0.64, while high molecular weight PVP (MW 110,000) either had a very low filtration coefficient - 0.22 - or was not detectable in the intestinal lymph. The three species, represent ing herbivores, omnivores and carnivores, showed no differences in the penetration behavior of PVP, i.e., in the permeability of the plasma-lymph barrier to macromolecules
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMALL INTESTINE SUBMUCOSAL AND SEROSAL-MUSCULAR LYMPHATIC VESSELS
No full textLymphatic vessels of small intestine submucosal andserosal-muscular layers in mice and bats have beenstudied by electron microscopy and tridimensionalreconstruction of thin serial sections. Lymphatic endotheliumhas a continuous appearance, it lacks fenestrationsand pores and it is encircled by a thick connectivetissue layer. The endothelial wall shows intraendothelialchannels, quite similar to those previouslydescribed in the lacteal vessels. The author believesthat the above mentioned intraendothelial channels,together with pinocytotic vesicles, play a fundamentalrole in the transendothelial transport of fluids,proteins and macromolecules. Moreover, intercellularspecialized junctional complexes do not appear totake any part in this process
ALYMPHATIC PEDICLES
No full textHost recognition of transplanted foreign tis sue, the afferent limb of the inunune reflex, depends, in part, on the method used to expose the host to the allogeneic antigens. For large immediately vascularized organs, such as transplanted kidneys, it is logical to assume that sensitization occurs through the leakage of antigenic material, in the fonn of cellular components or fragments, into the venous effluent from the graft. This establishes contact with the host's central lymphoid tissue directly or through reticulo-endothelia system processing (I). Another important mechanism, suggested by Strober and Gowans (2), is "peripheral sensitization" , which allows for recognition of allograft antigens by sensitive host cells as they come into contact with the endothelial surfaces of the graft. These "sensitized" lymphoid cells or macrophages, or both, then initiate a cascade of recognition steps which expands a population of effector cells capable of the ultimate destruction of the allograft. Donor leukocyte passengers in the intravascular and interstitial compart ments of the allograft may also reinforce the antigenic challenge (3)