Journals at the University of Arizona
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Modelling Inference in the Comprehension of Cinematic Narratives
No full textThe viewer’s processes of inference making in the cinema involve the framing of hypotheses about the world of the narrative that may be overturned by subsequent information and are, therefore, nonmonotonic. The goal of narrative researchers is to understand the nature of those processes and how texts organise the deployment of those processes in order to present a narrative successfully. To do this we need methods capable of describing processes of hypothesis framing and belief revision. In this paper, I describe the application of the Transferable Belief Model to a hypothetical example of narrative comprehension based on an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as one such method
IN MEMORIAM
No full textPROFESSOR WALDEMAR LECH OLSZEWSKI, PhD, MDSeptember 3, 1931 - November 8, 202
QUALITY OF LIFE IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS: AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BREAST CANCER DRAGON BOAT RACERS
No full textResistance exercise is deemed safe forwomen recovering from conventional breastcancer therapies but few clinicians are awarethat dragon boat racing, as a form of resistiveexercise, is available to the breast cancercommunity. The objectives of this study were to1) increase clinician awareness of dragon boatracing (DBR) in breast cancer survivors as acommunity-based physical activity, and 2)evaluate quality of life (QOL) in breast cancersurvivors with or without lymphedema whoparticipate in DBR. This prospective, observationalstudy surveyed 1,069 internationalbreast cancer dragon boat racers from eightcountries to compare function, activity, andparticipation in women with and without selfreportedlymphedema using the Lymph-ICFquestionnaire. Seventy-one percent of women(n=758) completed the questionnaires. Resultsrevealed significantly higher Lymph-ICF scoresin the lymphedema participants, signifyingreduced QOL, when compared to the nonlymphedemaparticipants (p0.05), except for"go on vacation" for which no statisticaldifference was reported (p=0.20). Internationalbreast cancer survivors with lymphedemaparticipating in DBR at an internationalcompetition had reduced function, limitedactivity, and restricted participation comparedto participants without lymphedema.Clinicians should consider utilizing DBR as acommunity-based activity to support exerciseand physical activity after a breast cancerdiagnosis
MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL LYMPHOCELE: A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY OPTIONS AND HOW TO APPROACH THEM
No full textLymphoceles are lymphatic fluid collectionsresulting from lymphatic vessel disruptionafter surgery or trauma. They are most oftendescribed following retroperitoneal surgeriessuch as cystectomies, prostatectomies, renaltransplants, and gynecologic surgeries. Mostlymphoceles are asymptomatic and resolvespontaneously without treatment. If persistent,they can become infected or exert mass effect onadjacent structures causing pain, urinary, orlower limb edema particularly for lymphoceles inthe pelvis Symptomatic lymphoceles should betreated to relieve symptoms and prevent functionalcompromise of vital adjacent structures.Although surgery has been traditionallyaccepted as the gold standard treatment,advances in imaging and interventionaltechnology allow for less invasive, percutaneoustreatment. Available minimally invasivetreatment options include percutaneousaspiration, catheter drainage, sclerotherapy,and lymphangiography with lymphaticembolization. A review of these treatmentoptions and a suggested algorithm formanaging lymphoceles is presented
IMAGING OF LYMPHATIC DYSPLASIA IN NOONAN SYNDROME: CASE STUDIES AND HISTORICAL ATLAS
No full textTo determine the historical use andutility of various lymphatic imagingmodalities in Noonan syndrome (NS) patients,we performed a comprehensive literaturereview by collecting the published medicalimaging of NS lymphatic dysplasias. Wecorrelated imaging findings with clinicalphenotypes and treatment. Our analysis oflymphatic imaging modalities provides analgorithmic approach to imaging and patientcare across the spectrum of NS developmentaldefects. A total of 54 NS cases have beenpublished since 1975. Using the observationsreported in 15 reviewed publications, anassociation was made between disruptions incentral lymphatic flow and poor clinicalpresentations/outcomes in NS patients
REVIEW OF THE FUNCTION OF SEMA3A IN LYMPHATIC VESSEL MATURATION AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A CANDIDATE GENE FOR LYMPHEDEMA: ANALYSIS OF THREE FAMILIES WITH RARE CAUSATIVE VARIANTS
No full textSEMA3A is a semaphorin involved in cell signaling with PlexinA1 and Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) receptors and it is responsible for recruiting dendritic cells into lymphatics. Mutations in the SEMA3A gene result in abnormalities in lymphatic vessel development and maturation. We investigated the association of SEMA3A variants detected in lymphedema patients with lymphatic matura-tion and lymphatic system malfunction. First, we used NGS technology to sequence the SEMA3A gene in 235 lymphedema patients who carry wild type alleles for known lymphedema genes. We detected three different missense variants in three families. Bioinfor-matic results showed that some protein interactions could be altered by these variants. Other unaffected family members of the probands also reported different episodes of subclinical edema. We then evaluated the importance of the SEMA3A gene in the formation and maturation of lymphatic vessels. Our results determined that SEMA3A variants segregate in families with lymphatic system malformations and recommend the inclusion of SEMA3A in the gene panel for testing of patients with lymphedema.
INCIDENCE OF BREAST LYMPHEDEMA AND PREDICTORS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS RECEIVING WHOLE BREAST RADIATION THERAPY AFTER BREAST-CONSERVATION SURGERY
No full textOne common adverse effect following breast-conservation surgery and adjuvant radiation is lymphedema. While lymphedema of the arm has been well-characterized, there has been less investigation into lymphedema of the breast. We sought to characterize rates of breast lymphedema (BLE) in women with early-stage breast cancer and identify potential predictors in its development. Two hundred and thirty consecutive patients treated with lumpectomy and adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) from January 2016 - June 2017 were included. All patients were seen in our lymphedema monitoring clinic for baseline and at least one follow-up lymphedema measurement. BLE grades were assigned by trained nurses in the lymphedema clinic. Data regarding patient demographic and treatment factors were extracted from the electronic medical record. Comparisons between groups were made using Chi-Square analysis performed in SAS. The median age of the sample was 62 (range 31-90). Median follow-up from surgery was 15.3 months. Forty-three patients were diagnosed with lymphedema of the breast (18.7%). Rates of grade 1 and 2 BLE were 93% and 7%, respectively; there were no cases of severe lymphedema. Sixty-three percent of cases resolved by last follow-up with treatment recommendations. There was no association between development of BLE and patient factors investigated, including age, T stage, radiation dose and fractionation, lymph node biopsy, number of lymph nodes removed, development of arm lymphedema, and use of chemotherapy. Tumor subtype was found to be significant (P = 0.04) and there was a trend towards significance for receipt of trastuzumab (P = 0.09). BLE is a distinct entity from arm lymphedema and is a common finding in women treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant WBRT. It is a generally mild and self-limiting process. There were no treatment or patient-related factors that correlated with increased risk of lymphedema development in our sample except for HER-2 positive disease and receipt of trastuzamab
Sympathy for Cecil: gender, trophy hunting, and the western environmental imaginary
No full textThis article draws from political ecology and ecofeminism to examine sympathy, expressed by record-breaking donations from North Americans, for the death of Cecil the Lion. The overlapping normative critique offered by these two perspectives together demonstrates how sympathy is disclosive of power relations. Sympathy reveals, relies upon, and reinforces different forms of gender, racial, and neocolonial domination; especially when western sympathy remains ignorant of the power relations, including their politics and histories, that shape attitudes toward non-human animals and grant them status as members of the (western) moral community.Keywords: sympathy, ecofeminism, trophy hunting, wildlife conservation, Cecil the Lio
'Where's the map?': integrating ethnography with maps to understand the complementarity between pastoral mobility and border formation
No full textThe resettlement of herders in pastoral zones is often criticized for hindering pastoral mobility, which is essential to survival. We integrate narratives of conflict and environmental change with maps to demonstrate the complementarity between pastoral mobility – porous borders – and border demarcation – rigid borders. We use evidence from the Sondré-Est Pastoral Zone in southern Burkina Faso, where herders were voluntarily resettled near agricultural villages following the droughts of the 1970s. Over time, however, farmers encroached on the borders of the pastoral zone and surrounding grazing areas declined. This increased land-use disputes. Tensions were exacerbated by the fact that these communities kept maps as community secrets. We re-created the administrative boundaries of the pastoral zone to map land-use/land-cover changes and conflict hot spots. The maps show that conflicts happened along porous borders where agricultural fields encroached. Herders called for a clear demarcation of the border of the pastoral zone to preserve exclusive access to resources within it. Simultaneously, they also wanted to maintain shared access to other resources outside the pastoral zone. The herders' desire for both border clarity and some form of flexibility underlines the complementary between both processes, especially in times of resource scarcity and land-use conflict. The mystery around the maps helps sustain ambiguity that is key for pursuing both goals. Keywords: GIS, land-use and land-cover change, farmer-herder border conflicts, pastoral mobility, Sahel, Burkina Fas