Journals at the University of Arizona
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Genecology and Seed Zones for Indian Ricegrass Collected in the Southwestern United States
No full textIndian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides [Roemer J.A. Schultes] Barkworth) is a widely distributed, highly desirable native species in desert ecosystems in the western United States. Yet there are no studies linking genetic variation in Indian ricegrass with climate across major areas of its natural distribution. In this study, seeds from 106 collection locations from the southwestern United States were established in common gardens and four phenological traits (Phen; such as blooming date), six production traits (Pro; such as dry weight), and eight morphology traits (Morph; such as leaf dimensions) were measured in 2007 and 2008. Analyses of variance revealed that all basic garden traits differed among source locations (P,0.01), indicating widespread genetic variation. Within Phen, Pro, and Morph categories, canonical correlation was completed between basicgarden traits and source location temperature and precipitation. This resulted in six significant (P,0.01) canonical variates (Phen 1, Pro 1 and 2, and Morph 1, 2, and 3) representing each category of traits. Linear correlations (r.60.25, P,0.01)consistently linked monthly temperature at collection locations with Phen 1, Pro 1, and Morph 1. For precipitation, however, correlations were more dependent on month, with the strongest correlations during the spring developmental period. Using regression models between traits and climate, a map with 12 seed zones was developed representing much of the southwestern United States. This generally distinguished genetic variation between cooler and warmer regions, usually separating more northern, higher elevation areas from more southern, lower elevation areas. The correspondence between climate and genetic variation suggested climate-driven differences in natural selection, likely leading to adaptation. The seed zone map is recommended to guide and broaden germplasm collection and utilization for Indian ricegrass restoration
Development and Validation of an Adult Greek-American Identity Scale
No full textThe current investigation demonstrates the development of an identity instrument, specifically for the measurement of Greek-American ethnic identity: the Adult Greek-American Identity Scale (AGIS). This scale construct validity was assessed with data collected from six Greek Orthodox parishes in northeastern Ohio. As an expansion of earlier research, this study demonstrates that the Greek-American Identity Scale successfully captures the salient elements of this complex and multifaceted phenomenon under four constructs: Ethos, Network, Diaspora, and Attitude. This study makes contributions to three areas of ethnic studies. First, it contributes to the literature on Greek-Americans, a small and understudied ethnic group. Second, this study provides an example of scale development which, although ethnic group specific, can be modified and applied to other ethnic groups. Third, this study makes a contribution to the growing literature that uses structural equation modeling (SEM) in the study of ethnic identity
Editorial: ITET: A Venue for Mentoring and Sponsoring Graduate Students in the Digital Age
No full textWhen I started ITET, one of the major goals I had in mind was to create a graduate student friendly journal. 'Friendly,' in this sense, meant an editorial staff working closely with students to turn their distinguished term papers into publishable, quality manuscripts. Why is this a 'friendly' approach for graduate students? More than ever, today's graduate students need quality mentorship in writing, in scholarship, and in publishing. Our intention at ITET is obviously not to fill a void in all aspects of mentorship and sponsorship but to help students gain some exposure to academic publishing and amass more experience in writing research papers while they grow as scholars.DOI:10.2458/azu_itet_v6i1_czerkawsk
Google Forms Quizzes and Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) Model Integration
No full textWeb-based formative assessment technology has simplified how teachers capture and analyze student data. As an assessment and data gathering web-based application, Google Forms quizzes can be used to adapt content, individualize instructional goals, collect performance data, and connect students and teachers locally or from different parts of the world. Teachers can create and distribute Google Forms’ formative assessment technology, resulting in synchronous student performance feedback that communicates critical information related to learning objectives for teachers and students. In addition, Google Forms quizzes can be exclusively aligned and integrated with the technology benchmarks defined in the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) Model, resulting in the creation of dynamic and customizable formative assessments in ways never before conceptualized.DOI:10.2458/azu_itet_v6i2_castro
ARE PRE-OPERATIVE LYMPHOSCINTIGRAMS NEEDED FOR LOCALIZATION PRIOR TO SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY?: AN AUDIT TO ENSURE SAFE PRACTICE AND TO PROVIDE ANOTHER VIEW
No full textTraditionally lymphoscintigrams are taken after injection of peri-areolar Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) to quantify sentinel nodes before biopsy (SNB). However, recent research suggests that scintigraphy is not an essential adjunct. For service improvement, we stopped using lymphoscintigraphy so as to minimize delay to operating theater and reduce demand on the Nuclear MedicineDepartment. We audited early outcomes to ensure quality was maintained. 100 consecutive patients undergoing SNB with lymphoscintigrams were investigated. Lymphoscintigrams were reported by Consultant Radiologists. Reported node count (RNC) was compared to biopsied node count (BNC) using Cohen’s kappa statistic. Lymphoscintigrams were then discontinued, and the results on the next 69 consecutive patients undergoing SNB were analyzed. The BNC was then compared to BNC in patients having lymphoscintigrams. Of the first 100 patients, RNC ranged from 0-5 (mean=1.84, mode=1) and BNC from 1-4 (mean=1.89, mode=1). 90% of lymphoscintigrams were performed on the day of surgery. Cohen’s Kappa statistic was 0.34 (95%CI =0.195 to 0.482, i.e., Fair agreement). RNC was zero in two cases, but SNB was successful. Of 69 patients in the second group with no scan, BNC ranged from 0-4 (mean=1.80, mode=2). There were two cases of failed localization and no significant difference between BNC with or without scans (p=0.16). Sentinel node positivity rate was 36% for those with scans and 25.3% for those without scans, which was not significant (chi-squared, p=0.11). These results correlate to previously published studies. Correlation between RNC and BNC was only in fair agreement, and negative lymphoscintigrams did not result in failed SNB localization. Our study suggests that BNC without scans is safe and effective. Removing the lymphoscintigram will result in measurable cost savings, saving of clinical time (no delay to operating room while waiting for scan or multiple journeys to hospital), freeing the scanner for other scans, and allowing additional time for radiology physicians and staff
