Journals at the University of Arizona
Not a member yet
18839 research outputs found
Sort by
CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CHYLOUS ASCITES AFTER ONCOLOGICAL SURGERY FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
No full textChylous ascites may complicate the postoperative course of abdominal surgery mainly due to the iatrogenic disruption of the lymphatic channels during extensive retroperitoneal dissection. Sparse data are available regarding treatment; however, in many cases a recommended first-line treatment approach is by way of enteral feeding, consisting of a formula high in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) together with a complete total parenteral nutrition teamed with somatostatin (or an equivalent). Nonetheless, the ligation of chylous fistulae, together with the application of Fibrin glue, as well as the creation of peritoneal-venous shunts have also been documented. The aims of this study are to document incidence of postoperative chylous ascites following resection of abdominal peripheral neuroblastic tumors, evaluate efficacy of the management of chylous ascites, and investigate the main risk factors. A survey was carried out over a span of six years, from March 2010 to March 2016 at Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital involving seventy-seven children with resections of peripheral neuroblastic tumors. Incidence rate of postoperative chylous ascites following a normal diet was 9% (n=7). Treatment using total parenteral nutrition with octreotide resulted in a complete recovery from chylous ascites within a 20 day period without recurrence. Length of operative time, nephrectomy, and the extension of lymphadenectomy were all significantly associated with a higher incidence of postoperative chylous ascites (p0.05) which also lengthened hospital stay (p0.05) and possibly delayed beginning adjuvant chemotherapy
The Pressing Need to Test for Autocorrelation: Comparison of Repeated Measures ANOVA and Interrupted Time Series Autoregressive Models
No full textNeglecting to measure autocorrelation in longitudinal research methods such as Repeated Measures (RM) ANOVA produces invalid results. Using simulated time series data varying on autocorrelation, this paper compares the performance of repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) to interrupted time series autoregressive integrated moving average (ITS ARIMA) models, which explicitly model autocorrelation. Results show that the number of RM ANOVA signaling an intervention effect increase as autocorrelation increases whereas this relationship is opposite using ITS ARIMA. This calls the use of RM ANOVA for longitudinal educational research into question as well as past scientific results that used this method, exhorting educational researchers to investigate the use of ITS ARIMA
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS SCORES OF PATIENTS WITH LYMPHEDEMA
No full textDuring treatment of lymphedema, routine use of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) is recommended to monitor patient progress; however, the validity functional status (FS) PROMs in these patients is unknown. Our aims were to examine construct validity of the shoulder computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and the foot-and-ankle CAT, as a measure of FS for patients selecting the shoulder or the foot-and-ankle as their main body part affected by their lymphedema. We assessed the ability of the FS scores to distinguish between patient groups in clinically expected ways at admission and discharge from physical therapy. At admission (n=1600), patients who were younger and had more acute symptoms, less severe lymphedema, less co-morbidities, no relevant surgical history, did not use medications for chronic conditions, and exercised regularly, had higher FS. At discharge (n=611), patients who were younger and had less advanced lymphedema, fewer co-morbidities, no relevant surgical history, did not use medications for chronic conditions, exercised regularly, and had more acute symptoms had higher FS change, after controlling for their baseline FS score. Low participation rates in FS outcomes data collection could have biased results. Overall, the CAT-based FS PROMs used in this study discriminated between patient groups in clinically logical ways both at intake and at discharge from lymphedema treatment
Left Coast Political Ecology: a manifesto
No full textLeft Coast Political Ecology (LCPE) is a network of undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral scholars and faculty engaged in a collective practice of political ecology grounded in strong connection to the "Left Coast" of North America. In this manifesto, we build on successful 2015 and 2018 workshops on the practice and value of political ecology today to communicate our origins, efforts, and ideas towards building a community of praxis amid the urgencies and uncertainties of our time. We first articulate those organizing and theoretical lineages that influence and inform our work. We trace the evolution of LCPE through diverse genealogies and cross-pollinations – from the "Berkeley School" to Black, Indigenous, feminist, and decolonial studies, through political struggles within and beyond the academy. In grappling with the challenges of our institutional histories of settler-colonial, capitalist, and racist dispossession, we then propose a "coastal epistemology", one that troubles the notion of a settler-colonial or neoliberal "frontier" while finding value in encounter, conversation, and emergence. We seek to make transparent our positions of relative privilege as well as the precarious contexts in which we work and live, while mobilizing and embodying political ecology's long-standing normative and liberatory aims. Next we share some of the diverse methodological approaches employed by our members and collective, with the aim of providing inspiration and solidarity to others contending with similar challenges. Ultimately, we suggest a vision for what a political ecology adequate to our moment might look like and require: a necessarily collective and hopeful project, amid processes of colonial violence, capitalist inequity, and climate catastrophe. The Left Coast Political Ecology network invites you to dream and organize with us, to share resources, experiences, and community, and to help push our field and our institutions toward more socially just and ecologically sustainable futures.Keywords: Coastal epistemology, Left Coast, network, radical geography, praxis, West Coas
Migration and Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Burkina Faso: a comparative case study
No full textIn the Sahelian country of Burkina Faso, West Africa, population pressure, poor resource management, and reduced rainfall have exacerbated land degradation. A rapidly growing population coupled with high rates of internal rural migration and thirty years of desiccation have resulted in profound land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) throughout the country. In the Central Plateau and northern regions of Burkina Faso, land degradation has historically stimulated large-scale out-migration toward more fertile areas in the south. While some northern provinces are being rehabilitated by Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) projects, southern provinces, considered more "pristine", have been neglected. In recent decades, researchers have attributed the initiation of land degradation processes in southern regions to this influx of migrants from the north. This study presents an empirical controlled case study between two provinces to better understand the dynamics of migration and LULC. One province, Bam Province in the north, has long been a zone of departure while Sissili Province in the south has long been a destination zone. Using a regional political ecology framework, we integrate a time series of LULCC data with demographic census data and local narratives to compare migration and LULCC trends in Bam and Sissili from 1975 to 2013. We find that in-migration correlates with substantial and dramatic LULCC while out-migration is associated with only moderate LULCC. This controlled comparison also suggests that local land-use/land-cover change and migration dynamically interact. As environmental conditions in Bam improve and Sissili deteriorate, long-term trends of either out- or in-migration for either province stabilize, and can even become reversed.Key Words: Burkina Faso, LULCC, migration, regional political ecolog
The political economy of landslides and international aid relief: a qualitative investigation in rural Uganda
No full textThis is a qualitative study of perspectives from community members on landslides in Bududa, Uganda. Interviews with community members reveal their perceptions of the causes, effects, and aid response to landslides. We employ a 'structural fieldwork' approach to explain community member's thoughts and experiences using critical macro-comparative perspectives relating to political ecology. This research brings attention to how large-scale unequal relationships in trade and international aid increase landslide vulnerability and there are ineffective relief efforts in a particular locale. Linking environmental degradation in Bududa to political, economic, and social factors provides a broader context in which to view risk from landslides in this community, as a critical case in demonstrating how economic globalization benefits some at the expense of others.Keywords: Landslides, unequal exchange, disaster, NGOs, political econom
“And the Rich Man’s Heart Sorrows and Grieves”: Iconography and the Historiography of The Allegory of Hope for Gain by Dirck Coornhert and Maarten van Heemskerck
No full textWhile philosopher Dirck Volkerszoon Coornhert (1522-1590) is often referenced in political and religious histories on the early modern roots of religious toleration and freedom of worship, his time as an artist is understudied. In this paper I will analyze the early artistic works of Dirck Coornhert, namely the engraved print series The Allegory of Hope for Gain (1550), produced in collaboration with painter Maarten van Heemskerck, exploring how purpose, audience, and iconography were intrinsically linked. This print series is also a critical intervention into historiographic issues like the collective production of art and the relationship between image and text that can help shed light on the artistic and intellectual process of image- and idea-making. I will argue that the multiconfessional and urban consumers of Holland and the Low Countries was the perfect environment and audience for the development and spread of Coornhert’s heterodox ethical ideals, and his professional work as an artist in Haarlem with van Heemskerck was a period of intellectual crystallization for Coornhert. I conclude that his print serieses like The Allegory of Hope for Gain, served as the original medium for expressing his ideas and that Coornhert use his previously produced prints, indirectly but often directly, as the inspiration for his later, and more famous, literary works of philosophy. This paper will hopefully inspire more research into role of engravers and other ‘reproducers’ of art and the diverse ways ideas were visualized, disseminated, and consumed in early modern Europe
