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La « Comtesse » du basket français : la trajectoire d’Anne d’Almeida au prisme des rapports sociaux (1892-1983)
No full textInternational audienceCreated in 1932, the French basketball federation does not originally welcome women at first. The federation becomes “mixed” in 1936 with regard to the practice but its governance remains nevertheless very largely dominated by men. However, Anne d'Almeida (1892-1983), known as "The Countess", causes a breach of this monopolization of decision-making positions – for the time being unexplained. Director of the national team (1938), she was also the first woman to be elected on the board (1945). In view of these elements, this article focuses on the conditions of possibility of its trajectory in a socio-historical approach. The aim is to situate her itinerary in the social spaces that she integrates (family, school, professional, sports) through the prism of intersectionality. To what extent does she conform/transgress the social hierarchies specific to each of these spaces? The analysis focuses on the way in which she negotiates her belonging to class, gender, affective and sexual orientation and her bodily appearance to achieve a long-term position in the direction of sport.Créée en 1932, la Fédération française de basketball n'accueille pas initialement les femmes. Elle devient mixte en 1936, mais sa gouvernance reste néanmoins très largement dominée par les hommes. Anne d'Almeida (1892-1983), dite « la Comtesse », rompt ce monopole des postes de décision – un phénomène jusqu'alors inexpliqué. Directrice de l'équipe nationale (1938), elle est aussi la première femme élue au conseil d'administration (1945). Au vu de ces éléments, cet article s'intéresse aux conditions de possibilité de son parcours dans une perspective socio-historique. L'objectif est de situer son itinéraire dans les espaces sociaux qu'elle intègre (famille, école, milieu professionnel, sport) à travers le prisme de l'intersectionnalité. Dans quelle mesure se conforme-t-elle ou transgresse-t-elle les hiérarchies sociales propres à chacun de ces espaces ? L'analyse porte sur la manière dont elle négocie son appartenance à une classe sociale, son genre, son orientation affective et sexuelle ainsi que son apparence physique pour parvenir à une position durable dans le domaine du sport
Analyses métallographiques, chimiques et datations par le radiocarbone d'un lot de demi-produits de fer conservés au musée de Lausanne
No full textMobiliser l’histoire contre l’extrême droite : un passé toujours stigmatisant, en France comme en Europe ? (1984-2024)
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On Maximum 2-Clubs
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the Maximum 2-Club problem where one is given as input an undirected graph G = (V,E) and seeks a subset of vertices S of maximum size such that any pair of vertices in S is connected by a path of length at most 2 in the graph induced by S. This problem is a natural relaxation of the famous Maximum Clique problem where any pair of vertices must be connected by an edge. Maximum 2-Club has been well-studied and is known to be NP-complete even on split graphs. It can be solved exactly in O^*(1.62ⁿ) time, where n denotes the number of vertices of the input graph, while being polynomial-time solvable on several graph classes. Parameterized algorithms for structural parameters have also been considered, leading in particular to an algorithm with a double-exponential dependence in the parameter treewidth. Such an algorithm is actually the best one known for the larger parameter vertex cover size up to a constant in the exponent. We provide new results in both directions. We first prove that the double-exponential dependence for parameter vertex cover size is unavoidable under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH). This answers a question left open by Hartung, Komusiewicz, Nichterlein and Suchỳ [Hartung et al., 2015]. Our result also implies that the problem cannot be solved in time sub-exponential in n even for split graphs. We then provide an exact algorithm for the problem restricted to chordal graphs, running in O^*(1.1996ⁿ) time, by reducing Maximum 2-Club on this class to Maximum Independent Set on arbitrary graphs with the same number of vertices. The same reduction shows that we can enumerate all maximum (and inclusion-wise maximal) 2-clubs of a chordal graph in O^*(3^{n/3}) = O^*(1.4423ⁿ) time. We conclude by providing a construction of split graphs with Ω(3^{n/3}/poly(n)) maximum2-clubs, for some polynomial poly showing that the bound for enumeration is essentially tight
Cosmological singularity, conformal anomaly and symmetric polynomials
No full textInternational audienceWe consider a spacetime singularity at arising in a Kasner-type metric that solves the gravitational equations modified by quantum effects of a conformal field theory (CFT). The resulting constraints can be solved efficiently when expressed in terms of symmetric polynomials. Focusing first on the trace part of the modified gravitational equation, we determine the corresponding solution surfaces in Kasner-parameter space. The geometry of these surfaces depends sensitively on the ratio , the quotient of the conformal charges characterizing the underlying CFT. We then fully integrate the conformal anomaly near the singularity for a generic Kasner-type metric and obtain the corresponding stress-energy tensor. Its components are expressed in terms of three symmetric polynomials (of degrees , and ) and depend on seven arbitrary constants, which may be interpreted as parameterizing different choices of the quantum state at the singularity. By imposing a set of constraints we reduce this parameter space to a single free constant. Subsequently, we solve, at leading order near the singularity, the modified gravitational equations. Among the admissible solutions, we identify, in particular, those that develop a curvature singularity while remaining geodesically complete
The Self-Identification Program (SIP): Introducing a Third level of Third wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Third-wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBT3) increasingly target how people relate to a sense of self, yet existing models remain fragmented and only partially integrated with phenomenology and neuroscience. The Self-Identification Program (SIP) is proposed as a third-level evolution of CBT3 that conceptualizes dysfunctional selfidentification as a transdiagnostic mechanism of suffering.Methods: SIP was developed through a narrative and conceptual synthesis of Buddhist phenomenology, third-wave CBT, neurophenomenology, cognitive and social psychology, and neuroscience, complemented by Relational Frame Theory. Using a structured glossary of terms, we reinterpret major constructs related to self and consciousness within a single model of self and describe its clinical implementation in a university hospital CBT3 service.Results: SIP defines the self as a conceptual mind that imputes a generic Me-I image onto impermanent and interdependent "My-Mine" possessions (e.g., body, roles, narratives), and recasts psychopathology as dysfunctional self-identification. Correct self-identification is trained as a dynamic process that stabilizes a Me-I inseparable from three experiential qualities-Calm, Clear, and Warm-together with recognition of the self's lack of inherent existence and an understanding of the causal impact of mental actions.Conclusion: SIP extends CBT3 by shifting the therapeutic focus from changing self-content to transforming self-identification processes, offering a coherent, testable framework for process-based interventions targeting dysfunctional self-identification as a transdiagnostic mechanism
Projet Plasti-nium (2021-2025) - Tire and Road Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Comparison of the Contamination Levels and Impact of Contrasting Stormwater Management Practices
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Gestion des transitions de carrière dans le sport de haut niveau : Une analyse organisationnelle multiniveau de cas dans les systèmes sportifs nationaux en Europe et en Amérique du Sud
No full textThis study examines how national elite sport systems in Europe and South America manage the career transition of elite athletes. The current investigation responds to this need and is guided by the following questions: (1) What key components of career transition programs exist in the national elite sports systems across different countries? (Alfermann & Stambulova, 2007; Wylleman et al., 2004). (2) Which organizational characteristics contribute to the quality of career transitions for elite athletes within sports organizations? (Wylleman et al., 2004) and (3) How can best practices in program management from national elite sports systems be adopted to enhance the conditions of career transition programs? (Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019; Kuettel & Larsen, 2020).This study involves a broad organizational view based on the theory of the two-level competing values approach. It combines qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a multilevel analysis of the organizational structures and lived experiences that impact elite athletes' post-sport path. We used a mixed-methods multiple case study design that included France, the Netherlands, Brazil, and Argentina. Qualitative study 1 data were collected from semi-structured interviews (n=30). Quantitative study 2 was collected from a response survey (n=190) of elite athletes and para-athletes. The interviews were analyzed deductively (determined codes in management and program effectiveness) and inductively via NVivo v. 10 software. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 was used to examine the surveys. The data was verified for compatibility before factor extraction. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The exploratory factor analysis provided three valid factors: Supportive organizational climate, holistic athlete development, and strategic and performance orientation. Each has been tested against the study's hypotheses based on the organizational Competing Values Approach (CVA).The merging of the results of the triangulation of Study 1 and Study 2 strongly confirms the hypothesis. We consider Hypothesis 1 supported with all factors considered. Successful career transition programs in national elite sports systems share key components, mainly psychological support, educational/dual-career opportunities, and employment support. These elements are crucial for helping athletes manage retirement. Hypothesis 2 is fully supported; it shows a more complex insight: neither climate nor strategy alone is sufficient. Programs with efficient planning but a hostile atmosphere, or efficient staff but a disorganized administration, fail to perform as well as programs that do well in both areas. Hypothesis 3 is fully supported; triangulation results show that management best practices such as strategic planning, ongoing evaluation, formal processes, and resource stability are not only factors implemented in some countries but components that effective athlete transition programs have in common.From a theoretical perspective, this thesis contributes to the field of sport management research by using the Two-Level Competing Values Approach (CVA + MIMNOE) to examine the national elite sports systems concerning the career transition of elite athletes. This two-level competing value structure includes the organization's culture (at the management level) and service delivery (at the program level). This research integrates organizational effectiveness theory with athlete-centered design, bridging the gap between institutional objectives and the real-life experiences of athletes. The cross-national cases improve sports policy research, highlighting the impact of social, economic, cultural, and political factors. This study provides practical recommendations for improving career transition programs, including developing policies and funding strategies that encourage collaboration and evaluation frameworks across different sectors.Cette étude examine comment les systèmes nationaux de sport de haut niveau en Europe et en Amérique du Sud gèrent la transition de carrière des athlètes d'élite. Cette recherche répond à ce besoin et s'articule autour des questions suivantes : (1) Quels éléments clés des programmes de transition de carrière sont présents dans les systèmes sportifs d'élite nationaux dans différents pays ? (Alfermann & Stambulova, 2007 ; Wylleman et al., 2004) ; (2) Quelles caractéristiques organisationnelles contribuent à la qualité des transitions de carrière pour les athlètes d'élite au sein des organisations sportives ? (Wylleman et al., 2004) ; et (3) Comment les meilleures pratiques en matière de gestion des programmes des systèmes sportifs d'élite nationaux peuvent-elles être adoptées pour améliorer les conditions des programmes de transition de carrière ? (Stambulova & Wylleman, 2019 ; Kuettel & Larsen, 2020). Cette étude adopte des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives afin de proposer une analyse multiniveau des structures organisationnelles et des expériences vécues qui influencent le parcours post-sportif des athlètes d'élite. Nous avons utilisé un design de recherche mixte, basé sur une étude de cas multiple, incluant la France, les Pays-Bas, le Brésil et l'Argentine. L'étude qualitative (Étude 1) a été réalisée à partir d'entretiens semi-structurés (n = 30). L'étude quantitative (Étude 2) s'appuie sur une enquête auprès d'athlètes d'élite et para-athlètes (n = 190). Les entretiens ont été analysés de manière déductive et inductive, via le logiciel NVivo v.10. Les données issues des enquêtes ont été traitées à l'aide d'IBM SPSS Statistics 27, avec une vérification de la compatibilité avant l'extraction des facteurs. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) a été menée selon la méthode d'analyse en composantes principales (ACP). Chacun de ces facteurs a été testé par rapport aux hypothèses de l'étude, fondées sur le cadre des valeurs concurrentes. Les résultats de triangulation, combinant l'Étude 1 et l'Étude 2, confirment fortement les hypothèses. L'Hypothèse 1 est pleinement validée : les programmes de transition réussis dans les systèmes nationaux de sport de haut niveau partagent des composants clés, notamment le soutien psychologique, les opportunités éducatives/double carrière et le soutien à l'emploi. L'Hypothèse 2 est également validée et révèle un aperçu plus complexe : ni le climat ni la stratégie seuls ne suffisent. L'hypothèse 3 est pleinement validée ; les résultats de la triangulation montrent que les meilleures pratiques de gestion telles que la planification stratégique, l'évaluation continuent, les processus formels et la stabilité des ressources ne sont pas seulement des facteurs mis en œuvre dans certains pays ; ce sont des éléments que les programmes efficaces de transition des athlètes ont en commun. D'un point de vue théorique, cette étude contribue à la recherche en management du sport en mobilisant la théorie des valeurs concurrentes à deux niveaux (CVA + MIMNOE) pour analyser les systèmes nationaux de sport de haut niveau concernant la transition de carrière des athlètes. Cette structure à double niveau intègre la culture organisationnelle (au niveau managérial) et la manière dont les services sont délivrés (au niveau programmatique). Cette recherche met en dialogue la théorie de l'efficacité organisationnelle avec une conception centrée sur l'athlète, contribuant ainsi à réduire l'écart entre les objectifs institutionnels et les résultats concrets vécus par les athlètes. D'un point de vue pratique, cette recherche propose des recommandations concrètes pour améliorer les programmes de transition de carrière, telles que l'élaboration de politiques et de systèmes de financement favorisant la coopération intersectorielle et la mise en place de cadres d'évaluation entre différents secteurs
Prefrontal cortex hemodynamics in patients with Parkinson's disease during single- and dual-task treadmill walking exercises
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To investigate prefrontal cortex activation during single- and dual-task treadmill exercises at an imposed speed and a speed selected by patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Eleven patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr's stages I–II) and 11 matched healthy controls (HC) performed six 2-minute tasks on a treadmill: two static cognitive tasks, two single-task walking tests and two dual-task walking tests, with each walking test being performed at an imposed and at a self-selected speed. The hemodynamics in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured continuously using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate cortical activation. The perceived difficulty of the task, cognitive performance and gait parameters were also assessed. Results: For the walking tasks, the HCs activated their PFC during dual-tasks (P < 0.01) but not when carrying out single-tasks, unlike PD patients who activated their PFC at a similar level for both the single-task and dual-task at an imposed speed (P < 0.05); no activation occurred at a self-selected speed. Perceived difficulty of the task was significantly greater among PD patients than among HCs (P < 0.05) and while executing dual-task more than single-tasks (P < 0.001). Variability in the pace was higher among PD patients than among HCs (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Imposing a walking speed on a treadmill for PD patients with mild disease severity increases their PFC activity. However, PD patients were unable to further boost PFC activity when a cognitive task was added to the imposed walking speed