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Entre choix et contraintes : décryptage de l’empouvoirement financier chez les femmes entrepreneures en France
No full textInternational audienceThis research examines the empowerment of women entrepreneurs in the context of entrepreneurial financing in France. It explores the factors that allow some women entrepreneurs to access certain categories of external finance more easily. The theoretical framework used is based on the concept of empowerment, explored through its personal and relational dimensions. The study relies on a quantitative approach, using data from a representative of women entrepreneurs. The results show that the status of a founder affects access to external finance in different ways: it increases the chances of successful fundraising, but reduces the chances of obtaining bank finance. This finding highlights the importance of empowerment dynamics, which vary according to the type of financing. In addition, characteristics such as the presence of a spouse in the business, high income, membership of a professional network and the diversity of this network complete the analysis of inequalities in access. This study, the first of its kind in France, suggests ways of enriching our understanding of the diversity of situations experienced by female founders, thus helping to deconstruct the homogeneous image of women’s entrepreneurship.Cette recherche examine l’empouvoirement des entrepreneures dans le cadre du financement entrepreneurial en France. Elle s’interroge sur les facteurs permettant à certaines entrepreneures d’accéder plus facilement à des catégories spécifiques de financement externe. Le cadre théorique mobilisé repose sur le concept d’empouvoirement, exploré à travers ses dimensions personnelle et relationnelle. L’étude s’appuie sur une approche quantitative, utilisant des données issues d’une enquête représentative menée auprès de dirigeantes d’entreprise. Les résultats montrent que le statut de dirigeante fondatrice influence différemment l’accès aux financements externes : il augmente les chances de réussir une levée de fonds, mais réduit celles d’obtenir un financement bancaire. Ce constat souligne l’importance des dynamiques d’empouvoirement, qui varient selon le type de financement. En outre, des caractéristiques telles que la présence du conjoint dans l’entreprise, un revenu élevé, l’appartenance à un réseau professionnel et la mixité de ce réseau complètent l’analyse des disparités d’accès. Cette première étude en France sur ce sujet propose des pistes pour enrichir la compréhension de la diversité des situations vécues par les dirigeantes fondatrices contribuant ainsi à déconstruire l’image homogène de l’entrepreneuriat des femmes
The Third-Quarter Phenomenon Trough an Interdisciplinary Lens: Towards Better Adaptation: First results of PAHPA ICE Programm (2021-2025, IPEV, ESA)
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundThe term third-quarter phenomenon emerged from studies conducted in the 1960s on wintering personnel (Bechtel & Berning, 1991; Rohrer, 1958). Researchers identified three stages of psychological response to long-term isolation: an initial phase of heightened anxiety, followed by a period of routine adaptation often accompanied by depression, and finally, a stage marked by emotional outbursts, aggression, and a sense of helplessness. These stages appear consistently, regardless of mission duration or environment, as long as isolation and confinement are present.A related mid-point syndrome, characterized by depressive symptoms, was observed in submarine studies (Earls, 1961; 1969). Similarly, research in space exploration (Rowley, 2000; Stuster, 2010) has reported that the third quarter of a mission is associated with increased emotional instability, aggression, and disruptive behavior, which may negatively impact mission success (Connors, Harrison, & Akins, 1985).ObjectivesThe objective of this multidisciplinary program (2021-2025) is to study the adaptation of winterers in the extreme conditions of Concordia and to assess the existence of the third-quarter phenomenon.MethodsTo date, research on the third-quarter phenomenon has primarily adopted a psychological perspective. The PAHPA ICE program employs a more comprehensive approach through monthly monitoring, integrating:•Physiological assessments: weight and body composition analysis, physical fitness estimation via the Chester submaximal step test, and circadian rhythm evaluation through salivary cortisol measurements.•Psychological evaluations: mood assessments and positive/negative affect questionnaires.•Cognitive testing: reaction time measurements.•Behavioral monitoring: dietary behavior (food logs) and daily physical activity (questionnaires and actimetry).ResultsOver the first three wintering periods, more than half of the participants experienced weight loss, affecting both fat and muscle mass. However, this did not correlate with a decline in physical fitness, as assessed by the Chester test over the wintering period. Analyses of cognitive and mood parameters, as well as salivary hormone levels, are ongoing and will be presented at the congress, along with methodological insights on human data collection in polar, isolated, and confined environments.At this stage, we believe the objective data collected does not yet provide a sufficiently precise picture of the third-quarter phenomenon. Numerous interrelated variables—including individual differences among winterers, the nature of their missions, and subjective perceptions of their environment and living conditions—complicate direct comparisons across three overwintering seasons. This challenge aligns with previous findings in extreme environment research, highlighting the need for more nuanced analytical approaches. Moving forward, we aim to refine our methodology by integrating mixed-methods analysis.ConclusionOur research is evolving towards a participatory and narrative approach. On one hand, this involves proposing interventions to enhance living and health conditions during wintering stays at the base. On the other, it includes conducting interviews before, during, and after the mission. By incorporating firsthand accounts from winterers, we aim to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the third-quarter phenomenon
Agentes secrètes britanniques en mission dans la résistance française : une histoire méconnue
No full textInternational audienceQuatre-vingts ans après la capitulation de l’Allemagne nazie, la présence de femmes parmi les agents britanniques déployés dans les réseaux de résistance suscite toujours une certaine fascination. Leur action, encore trop rarement évoquée, n’échappe pas à des formes de romantisation et de glamourisation. N’est-il pas temps de rendre compte de la véritable nature de leurs expériences
Numerical Simulations for Optimizing Small Satellite Constellations for TGF Studies
No full textInternational audienceThe detection of Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) from space is mostly made by astrophysics satellites, which only provide single-point measurements. Future TGF missions could consist in performing simultaneous detection by a detector array in space. In order to prepare such a scientific objective, we simulate the detection of TGFs by a nanosatellite, or small satellite, constellation. The objective is to quantify the impact of six parameters defining such a constellation, in order to maximize the scientific return of the mission. The parameters characterized in this work are the number of satellites, their relative distance, their altitude, their orbital configuration, the effective detection surface, and their orbital inclination. We use a Monte Carlo simulation code to propagate photons in the atmosphere and simulate the satellite positions and photons hits on satellites. Finally, we quantify the number of TGFs detected by the fleet, multi-detected, the number of photons received, and draw conclusions about the impact of each parameter
Biometeorological feedbacks on peatlands: Raising the water table to reduce meteorologically-related stress on cattle
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L'enseignement explicite de la production d'écrits : l'expérience du LéA-IFÉ ECRIFLORE: Formation de formateurs, 29 avril 2025, Loiret et Eure-et-Loir
No full textDiaporama de la formation de formateur
Unique raw material and unknown perforation techniques: specificities of the lapidary production in the Ceramic Age of the Lesser Antilles
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Keltisches Messinggeld? Archäometallurgische Untersuchungen an Germanus Indutilli L Münzen
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Snapping of the Subacromial Bursa: A New Cause of Shoulder Pain Demonstrated with Dynamic Ultrasound
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. Compared to pain, weakness, and stiffness, snapping phenomena are less frequently reported. The anatomical implication of subacromial bursa on snapping syndrome has not yet been studied despite of the fact that subacromial volume is implicated in this syndrome. The aim of this study is to analyze the anatomical and dynamic implication of the subacromial bursa in snapping syndrome. Methods. We conducted a retrospective of symptomatic case series (n = 9) study including dynamic sonography, video recordings resulting from standardized clinical dynamic examinations, and the results of shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. Nine patients complaining of snapping phenomena of the anterior shoulder (seven males and two females, mean age: 37.1 ± 10.2 years old), in whom dynamic sonography could confirm the diagnosis of snapping subacromial bursa, were included in this study. Results. All the patients included in this study presented non-traumatic painful snapping syndrome without plication before the snap on the dynamic sonography. All complained of a disabling snap of the shoulder associated with pain and without folding before the snapping phenomenon. Four of them had a bursitis of the subacromial bursa diagnosed on their shoulder’s magnetic resonance imagery. No significant statistical correlation (rS = −0.372; p = 0.595) was found between the triggering mechanisms, such as the snap shoulder release position, and the position of the anterior recess of the subacromial bursa relative to the biceps’ tendon. Conclusions. This study highlights the anterior recess of the subacromial bursa as a previously underexplored anatomical contributor to snapping syndrome, particularly in young, physically active individuals, emphasizing the need for dynamic sonography in diagnosing this condition. The anterior recess of the subacromial bursa represents an additional cause of snapping, which especially takes place in young and physically active patients. More than sport practice, professional activities that require repetitive tasks of the shoulder seem to represent a risk factor