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De la mine à l'argent : quantification des flux d'énergie médiévaux
No full textInternational audienc
Evolution of social contacts patterns in France over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results from the SocialCov survey
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Non-pharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns, curfews and place closures were implemented in France during 2020–2022 to reduce contacts in the population, to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce COVID-19 healthcare burden. Individuals also changed their behaviours as a response to the pandemic. Here, we present the results of the SocialCov survey that characterise the evolution of contacts in France between December 2020 and May 2022 to better understand the short and long term impact of these interventions on social mixing.Methods: A questionnaire was advertised over six independent communication campaigns through the governmental application TousAntiCovid between December 2020 and June 2022. Participants were asked to detail social contacts in the previous day, including contact age, location, duration and type (physical/conversational).Results: Over the six distinct campaigns, 44,396 individuals participated in the survey, declaring 300,735 contacts in total. The patterns of contacts strongly evolved over time, along with the progressive easing of national mitigation measures. The number of contacts in the French population increased from 5.3 contacts per day on average in December 2020 to 9.7 in May 2022. Mixing patterns were affected by age of participants, holidays and weekends. Healthcare workers declared 18.4 contacts on average during working days, roughly twice more than other workers. Reported risk perception changed throughout the two year period.Conclusions: Results provide a detailed picture of contact evolution over the years 2020–2022 in France. In addition to a major evolution of contact density over time, this study highlights strong heterogeneities in contact patterns according to age, employment and weekend/vacation periods. The contact matrices provided here can be used to inform age-stratified transmission models of respiratory pathogens in the context of implementation of multiple non-pharmaceutical measures
Prognostic factors associated with improvement in patients with an episode of non-specific low back pain without radicular syndrome: a prospective observational exploratory study
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with most cases classified as non-specific(NSLBP). While manual therapy appears effective for treating NSLBP, further research is needed to identify candidate baseline factors associated with improvement to help tailor personalized treatment strategies. This prospective observational exploratory study, therefore, aims to identify candidate prognostic factors collected at baseline that are associated with short-term improvement in people with NSLBP. Methods This study was conducted in chiropractic clinics across France between March 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Adults with a new episode of NSLBP were included. Baseline data, including individual, clinical, and therapist-related candidate factors, were collected before and during the initial consultation. Participants were considered improved if they: (i) reported “all better” or “better” on perceived global change, (ii) achieved a 20-point improvement on both Visual Analog Scales (VAS for intensity and unpleasantness) or scored 0 on reassessment, and (iii) showed a 30% improvement on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 7 days and 4 weeks post-consultation. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation with chained equations (MICE). Logistic regression analyses (univariate and multivariable with spline terms when superior fit was demonstrated) identified candidate prognostic factors associated with clinical improvement. Results Out of 1,394 patients contacted, 241 met the inclusion criteria, and 207 completed at least one follow-up assessment. After imputation and multivariable analysis, duration of episode (spline 1: 0.94[0.89-1.00]), Number of painful sites (0.75[0.62–0.92]), negative treatment expectations (0.48 [0.25–0.94]), disability score (spline 1: 0.94[0.89-1.00], spline 2: 0.77[0.62–0.96]), and pain intensity (1.05 [1.02–1.07]) were associated with improvement at 7 days. At 4 weeks, disability score (spline 1: 1.24[1.07–1.45], spline 2: 0.77[0.63–0.95]), pain intensity (1.02 [1.00–1.04]), episode duration (spline 1: 0.95[0.91-1.00]), new patient (0.50 [0.28–0.91]), and clinican’s prognosis (3.89 [1.49–10.10]) were associated with improvement. Conclusion Less-studied factors, such as negative treatment expectations, clinician’s prognosis, number of therapists, and perceived stiffness, highlighted significant associations with improvement in this exploratory phase. These findings suggest that incorporating these factors may be used when updating existing models
Management du sport - Marketing et gestion des clubs sportifs - 6e édition
No full textInternational audienceSecteur stratégique aux moyens limités, le sport s’est hissé au rang d’acteur majeur en intégrant les outils du management moderne, adaptés à ses enjeux singuliers. De la gestion budgétaire du Paris Saint-Germain à l’image du Stade Français, en passant par les transferts de joueurs et l’engagement des bénévoles, cet ouvrage offre une vision complète du management des clubs sportifs.À travers une analyse approfondie des marchés du sport, il explore le fonctionnement des clubs amateurs et professionnels et détaille successivement :• la stratégie marketing des clubs, notamment en matière d’innovation ;• leur communication et leur politique de sponsoring ;• la gestion des ressources humaines, intégrant salariés et bénévoles ;• les outils d’analyse financière et de contrôle de gestion.Entièrement remaniée, cette 6e édition intègre les dernières évolutions réglementaires et sectorielles. Riche en exemples concrets, études de cas et témoignages, elle constitue une ressource essentielle pour comprendre et maîtriser les enjeux du management sportif
Lexicographie numérique et intelligence artificielle : analyse contrastive des évolutions en France et en Chine
No full textInternational audienc
Experimental and modeling study of the autoignition behavior of a saturated heterocycle: Pyrrolidine
No full textInternational audienceExperiments are conducted in both rapid compression machine (RCM) and shock tube (ST) to better quantify autoignition behavior (e.g., ignition delay, heat release) and understand heteroatomic effects in heterocyclic compounds, which are important reference components for the combustion of biomass-derived liquid fuels. These tests focus on the nitrogen-containing, five-membered saturated ring, pyrrolidine, at diluted conditions covering pressures of 20 and 50 bar, temperatures of 720–1450 K and a range of stoichiometries (ϕ = 0.5–2). A chemical kinetic model is developed and coupled to an existing combustion kinetics framework describing key nitrogen containing intermediates (e.g. pyrrole, ammonia and NOx). H-abstraction reactions by OH, H, CH3 and HO2, are determined using ab-initio transition state theory methods, while analogies to cyclopentane are adopted for many other reactions, such as ring-opening. The autoignition measurements reveal the lack of negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior and low-temperature chemistry for pyrrolidine, as opposed to its saturated hydrocarbon analogue, cyclopentane. Interestingly, at the lowest temperatures (T 70 %, are predicted to move through 1- or 2-pyrroline (C4H7N) and then the cyclic C4H6N radical, at both lower and higher temperatures, to form either CH2CHCHCHNH via ring-opening or pyrrole via β-scission. It appears that the ring opens more easily at lower temperature whereas the C–H β-scission dominates at higher temperature and lower pressure, such that the reaction of the fuel radical intermediate carrying an unpaired electron on the nitrogen atom with HO2 is the next most notable in promoting oxidation
Introduction. Citoyenneté et éducation : quelle éthique de la participation des enfants ?
No full textInternational audienceAccéder aux expériences citoyennes des enfants et des adolescents dans les contextes éducatifs constitue un enjeu majeur des recherches actuelles sur la construction des rapports à la citoyenneté dans l’enfance et à l’adolescence. À l’aune de la Convention Internationale des Droits de l’Enfant (CIDE, 1989) et de la conception de la citoyenneté développée par Chombart-de-Lauwe (1990), cet article examine les enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques liés à la prise en compte des points de vue des enfants, en particulier pour mieux comprendre l’exercice de la citoyenneté et penser le positionnement des adultes dans les contextes éducatifs. Les auteurs discutent ensuite des enjeux éthiques et psychologiques liés à la participation des enfants, au regard des nombreux paradoxes qui subsistent aujourd’hui concernant l’évolution du statut de l’enfant-citoyen, sa place dans la société et dans la recherche et l’exercice de ses droits de participation
Harmonizing public debt and creating convergence clubs in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textInternational audienceThis article explores how public debt convergence clubs can enhance debt management and improve economic stability in African countries. Instead of focusing solely on geographical criteria, these clubs prioritize public debt rules and debt limitation, offering a promising strategy to tackle the challenges associated with debt sustainability in the region. The article explores the potential benefits, obstacles, and policy implications of such convergence clubs, stressing the importance of forming robust and stable groupings. Through a thorough examination of the relevant literature and empirical evidence, this study provides valuable insights into designing and implementing effective public debt convergence mechanisms for African nations. While no evidence of global convergence around debt was found, the existence of convergence clubs suggests a promising route for countries that share similar debt profiles rather than geographical, political, or ideological similarities. The research also highlights that stability and growth pacts have not resulted in global convergence but rather in the formation of convergence clubs
