Journal of Jazz Studies (JJS)
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Authors represented in Aresty Undergraduate Research Journal at Rutgers University, vol. 1, issue 2, Spring 2021
No full textAuthors represented in the Aresty Undergraduate Research Journal at Rutgers University, vol. 1, issue 2, Spring 202
Learning Predictors from Multidimensional Data with Tensor Factorizations
No full textStatistical machine learning algorithms often involve learning a linear relationship between dependent and independent variables. This relationship is modeled as a vector of numerical values, commonly referred to as weights or predictors. These weights allow us to make predictions, and the quality of these weights influence the accuracy of our predictions. However, when the dependent variable inherently possesses a more complex, multidimensional structure, it becomes increasingly difficult to model the relationship with a vector. In this paper, we address this issue by investigating machine learning classification algorithms with multidimensional (tensor) structure. By imposing tensor factorizations on the predictors, we can better model the relationship, as the predictors would take the form of the data in question. We empirically show that our approach works more efficiently than the traditional machine learning method when the data possesses both an exact and an approximate tensor structure. Additionally, we show that estimating predictors with these factorizations also allow us to solve for fewer parameters, making computation more feasible for multidimensional data
Changing Verbal Label Assignments Selects the Memory System for Responses in an Immediate Visual Recognition Task
No full textThe dual system hypothesis posits the existence of two neural systems for memory and learning in the mammalian brain: the habit system and the improvisational system. This study sought to determine whether both systems are involved in a visual recognition task originally outlined in Sternberg (1966) and whether each system could be selectively engaged on the basis of response assignment. Seventeen undergraduate students participated in an immediate visual recognition task where they responded whether or not a test consonant was present in a previous study sequence of one to six consonants by pressing one key for same or another key for different. When the different response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time for targets and lures was a function of the study sequence size, indicating that the study sequence was serially scanned and compared with the test item by the habit system. However, when the same response was assigned to the spatially right “J” key, reaction time was not a function of study sequence size, indicating that the test item was not compared with the study sequence and responses were instead determined by perceived recency/novelty of the test item by the improvisational system. Differences in reaction time depending on response assignment suggest the selection of one memory system over the other based on verbal labels assigned to response keys in different spatial locations. Verbal label refers to the label of same or different assigned to the response keys in the experiment instructions. Results expand upon Sternberg (1966)—which used the same visual recognition task design as this study but did not account for response assignment, obscuring evidence of contributions from both memory systems—and provide more evidence for the dual-system hypothesis by demonstrating the involvement of both memory systems in immediate visual recognition
A Systematic Analysis of Compounds Present in Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Tulsi) Regarding its Anti-Inflammatory Properties Using In-Silico Techniques
No full textThe objective of this study was to gather data, create a database of the compounds present in Ocimum tenuiflorum (O. tenuiflorum), and gather related literature on the compounds found. A thorough literature search was performed to gather information on compounds present in O. tenuiflorum, including chemical structures, relative abundance, presence in different plant parts, and availability from chemical supply vendors. The compounds’ chemical structures were refined using Discovery Studio Visualizer and Chimera software for future in-silico docking studies. The structures with cleaned structural geometry were obtained through D.S. Visualizer for docking in the future. From the literature search of previously presented articles, it was found that methyl eugenol had the greatest percent composition in O. tenuiflorum. After searching the Protein Data Bank, COX-1, COX-2, and NF Kappa B were found to be the main protein targets of O. tenuiflorum compounds in the arachidonic acid inflammatory pathway. Thus, the anti-inflammatory properties of O. tenuiflorum have been analyzed in this article for future in silico docking
Pulmonary Inflammation and Injury in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
No full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition that affects millions of individuals in the United States, of which approximately twenty percent of cases progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterized by macrovascular steatosis and persistent inflammation in the liver, which can lead to fibrosis. Evidence suggests potential effects of NAFLD and NASH on the development of pulmonary pathologies, but the interaction between the liver and the lung is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of NASH development on lung inflammation and fibrosis over time. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed control (10% kCal) or high-fat (HFD) (60% kCal) diets. Liver tissue, lung tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected after 1, 3, and 6 months of feeding. Histopathologic evaluation of livers from HFD-fed mice at 6 months confirmed the development of NASH. In the lung, we observed histopathologic alterations, including inflammatory cell infiltration, lipid-laden macrophages, septal damage, and epithelial thickening at 6 months. Gene expression analysis of whole lung tissue revealed changes in genes related to inflammation (IL-1B), fibrosis (CTGF), and lipid metabolism (ApoA1). These results characterize an association of pulmonary complications during simple steatosis to NASH transition, suggesting lung-liver crosstalk
Sliding Mode-Based Traction Control for An Autonomous Martian Rover
No full textA traction control system was developed for an autonomous Martian rover using a sliding mode controller. The main inspiration for this project was NASA’s Mars rover, Curiosity, which suffered severe wheel damage due to the lack of an effective traction control system. A control system was sought out to effectively prevent wheel damage, slippage, and soil failure for a Martian rover. It was initially hypothe-sized that a sliding mode controller would be most effective to control the vehicle’s traction. A Simulink model was created with a deformable soil-rigid tire mathematical model in order to simulate the traction control system. The sliding mode controller was tested to be more robust and stable compared to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for the rover. The results elaborate the possible applica-tions for this project, which spans across commercial and military rovers, rescue robots, and planetary rov-ers in the private and global space industry
Topic Modeling and Analysis: Comparing the Most Common Topics in 19th-Century Novels Written by Female Writers
No full textWomen authors from the 19th-century have had a profound impact on the literary world due to their critical approach to and inclusion of various social phenomena within their work, such as women's rights, sexuality, and human psychology. This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion by quantifying thematic similarities in eight select novels by various female authors of the 19th-century. These novels were chosen due to their contribution to literature and their popularity, common use in college courses around the world, and the prominence of the female authors. This study included utilizing a programming environment known as R Studio to perform a topic model. Performing a topic model allowed for the discernment of ten main themes or topics that can be generally seen across all eight selected novels, and by extension, 19th-century literature by female authors. The research found initial evidence to support the general understanding of said literature as an endeavor of the themes of social critique and individual consciousness; however, the results were not absolute in conclusion because of the limited size of the corpus. A larger corpus of documents (novels) is necessary to reach further conclusions
Models for Predicting Global Plastic Waste
No full textFor more than half a century, plastic prod-ucts have been a part of people’s lives. When plastic waste is thrown into nature, it can cause a sequence of dangerous effects. Previous researchers esti-mated that global plastic waste in 2020 will be more than 400 million tons. To reduce plastic waste, they built scientific models to analyze the sources of plas-tic and provided solutions for regenerating these plastic wastes. However, their models are static and inaccurate, which may cause some false predictions.In this paper, we first observe the distribution of the real-world plastic waste data. Then, we build simple exponential growth model and logistics model to match these data. By testing different models on our plots, we discover that the SELF-ADAPTIVE MODEL is the best to describe and correctly predict our future plastic waste production, as this model combines the benefits of SIMPLE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH MODEL and the LOGISTIC MODEL. The self-Adaptive model has the potential to minimize the error rate and make the predictions more accurate. Based on this model, we can develop more accurate and informative solu-tions for the real-world plastic problems
