UNIMAS Journal (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak)
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The Role of Technical Innovation and Development of Industrial Sector in Korean International Business
Get PDFWith the pace of development and competitiveness, innovation plays an important role to capture the market share. Various countries have effective strategies to enhance Research and Development (R&D) and exchange value added products in international market. So, based on this the aim of this research is to examine the role of R&D, industrial design and charges for intellectual property in innovative exports in South Korean economy. Time series data for the period 1998 to 2017, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models are used to determine the dynamic interrelationship among the study variables. In summary, the overall results show that there is co-integration rank of in both trace test and value test at 1% significance level. Moreover, OLS and GMM findings depict that there is significant and positive coefficient for ID & RD which represent that they have positive impact on HT. Whereas, the IP displays a negative and significant relationship with high technology exports accordingly. Lastly, the diagnostic tests show that model is stable for the study time period and result is reliable. The current study also suggests some policy implications which can enhance innovative export products of South Korea while enhancing R&D
Bank Liquidity and Lending Behavior: Evidence from the Vietnamese Banking System
Get PDFThe study investigates the impact of liquidity on lending behavior, in the form of loan growth, at Vietnamese commercial banks for the period of 2007–2017. Notably, we also explore heterogeneous effects with the support of the generalized method of moments (GMM) for the dynamic panel data models. The robust result confirmed by alternative techniques indicates that banks with more liquidity tend to expand lending more, implying the precautionary motive of liquidity storage to finance future investments. Further analysis documents that this effect seems to be stronger for state-owned banks and mitigated in the case of banks having higher capital ratios, while we find the inconclusive results for bank size. In addition to extending the existing literature, this study provides insightful implications for bank managers and policymakers in Vietnam and other emerging economies as well
Gravity Model: A Bibliometric Analysis and Detailed Overview
Get PDFOriginating from Newton’s gravitational theory which was posed in 1687; the concept of gravity equation was primarily used by Tinbergen in the field of international trade analysis in 1962. After Tinbergen, Pöyhönen, Linnemann, Anderson, Santos and Tenreyro, Bergstrand and Egger, Deardorff and also Wooldridge developed the theory of gravity. And gravity model has become progressively well-liked in the academic publications. The aim of this study is to determine the literature belonging to the years between 1980 which is the starting point for “gravity” related studies’ being published on Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus and 2020 to execute a bibliometric review of this literature. Thereby, it targets to supply a perspective concerning the nature of the studies executed on the subject of gravity model, so as to point out the lack of the bibliometric analysis-using studies on the field of international trade. In this study, we collected the data between 1980-2020 from Scopus and Web of Science database and analysed using the Gephi, Vosviewer and R Studio programmes in order to be used in our bibliometric analysis. The results showed that U.S.A., Germany and China are the countries which have the highest number of publications in this field, and the journals with the highest number of publications are “World Economy”, “Journal of International Economics” and “Review of International Economics”. The fact that three programmes have been simultaneously used in the study is demonstrative of the originality of the paper
Minimum Wage Policy: Is There Any Impact on Low Skilled Workers in Electrical and Electronics Companies in Malaysia?
Get PDFWage are the greatest pushing factor for many workers to work and positively relates to employee life satisfaction. Meanwhile, fringe benefits improve the skills and knowledge of workers and enhance the organization’s reputation. Minimum wage policies around the world uphold the principle to provide a basic living wage for their workers. Nevertheless, the impact of national minimum wage policy on Malaysian employees, in particular, was the least explored since enacted into law in 2012. This study examines the minimum- wage impact on low-level skilled workers in the electrical and electronics industry in Malaysia. Minimum wage can have an effect on labor productivity and fringe benefits, particularly training, allowances, and insurance, have become important research topics. As such, this research discusses the effect of minimum wages on labor productivity and fringe benefits of employees. A semi-structured survey questionnaire was distributed to 600 employees in electrical and electronics firms in Penang and Kulim Industrial Zones. Data from 432 questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed using Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). The findings suggest that employers should make some adjustments in administering the wage scale due to the implementation of minimum wage national policy that has impacted firms’ costs and incomes. The results also found that the minimum wage affects labor productivity and wage differences among workers. Meanwhile, the minimum wage does not adversely affect the adjustments to the fringe benefits, except for the provision of training. This study recommends more strategic plans and negotiations between stakeholders on wage and fringe benefits that would warrant continuous positive effects for both workers and employers
Abnormal Related Party Transactions, Political Connection, and Firm Value: Evidence from Indonesian Firms
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the effect of abnormal related party transactions (RPTs) on firm value and to investigate political connections as a moderator of the causal relationship. Our sample is 450 Indonesian firms listed at the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2014–2017 with a total of 1,724 firm-year observations. Based on the panel data regression test, our results demonstrate that abnormal RPTs, especially account receivables-related RPTs and account payables-related RPTs, decrease firm value. Further, the results empirically show that political connections negatively affect firm value. Political connections strengthen the effects of abnormal non-account receivable RPT assets and abnormal non-account payable RPT liabilities on firm value. Our findings imply that agency theory explains the impacts of political connections of Indonesian firms better than resource dependence theory
Examining Green Hotel Patronage Intention from the Perspective of Behavioural Reasoning Theory
Get PDFGreen hotels help minimise the negative impact of consumption on the environment. This study examines consumers’ intention to patronise green hotels by applying the Behavioural Reasoning Theory (BRT). In the BRT, the drivers of behavioural intentions include value, reasons for, reasons against as well as global motives (attitude). This study surveyed 262 respondents in the Klang Valley, Malaysia using questionnaires. The findings indicated that reasons serve as essential linkages between consumers’ values and their attitudes. In particular, Attitude is the strongest predictor of green hotel patronage intention, followed by Reasons against Patronage, Altruism and Reasons for Patronage. Reasons against Patronage have a stronger influence on green hotel patronage intention than Reasons for Patronage. Marketers should minimise the effects of reasons against to improve green hotel patronage intention, promote consumer’s altruism value and attitude toward choosing green hotels
Sectoral Energy-CO2 Emissions Using an Environmental Input-Output Framework
Get PDFGlobal climate change is an alarming problem nowadays. Weather temperatures have been uncertain because of what many scientists claim is the effect of greenhouse gases, contributed mainly by the energy industry. In Malaysia, the energy industry provides a significant contribution to it economy making up about 20 percent of the GDP. Malaysia is the third largest natural gas exporter in the Asia-Pacific region in 2011 and eleventh in the world (British Petroleum Statistical Review of World Energy, 2014). Malaysia's CO2 emission recorded at 185 million tonnes in 2010 (International Energy Agency, 2012). Mohd Safaai et al. (2011) projected that without any mitigation measures 285.73 million tonnes of CO2 will be released in 2020. In the Copenhagen forum 2009, Malaysia has pledged to reduce 40% of carbon emissions by 2020 compared to the 2005 levels. Motivated by the government efforts, this study will construct environmentally extended input-output framework for Malaysia to obtain the energy-related CO2 emission intensities by sectors. The study is responded to the inadequate of reliable data on Malaysia’s sectoral CO2 emissions and to the growing awareness of the effectiveness of Malaysia climate change policies. This study expanding the current understanding of interactions among economic activities, energy intensities, and CO2 emissions. Results of this study found that Transportation recorded the second highest contributor to CO2 emission, and these findings were different to many other existing studies that found transportation sector as a main contributor to CO2 emission. In addition, results suggest that it is necessary to control environmental problems and encourage the energy use efficiency in the production process, particularly in the Building and construction sector, Transportation, Electricity, gas and water and Agriculture sector in Malaysia The findings will help the policy-makers particularly in Malaysia to develop a strategic plan and tools to manage CO2 emission with respect to climate change in these four sectors
The Evaluation of Online Persuasion Criteria on E-Commerce Website using Persuasive System Design (PSD) Model
Get PDFPersuasive technology in online shopping is proven to assist people while purchasing online. It is crucial to study how was the implementation of such successful persuasive technology in the e-commerce domain. Also, there are certain marketing strategies against consumers from different generational cohorts. Each generation has unique lifestyles, generational history, demographics, experiences, expectations and values that influence their buying behaviours. The persuasive design of e-commerce websites is related to the website conversion rate and is shown to support people throughout the online purchasing process. The objective of this research study is to evaluate the online persuasion criteria on two largest e-commerce websites in Malaysia; Lazada and Shopee through Persuasive System Design (PSD) principles. The four main categories of design technique applied in PSD are primary task support, dialogue support, credibility support and social support. The result shows that both selected e-commerce websites have applied 71.43% of the PSD principles. The most emphasize design technique in Lazada and Shopee is primary task support, followed by dialogue support. Most of the persuasive features in this model has implemented in both e-commerce websites. However, this research proved that the success of the e-commerce websites is related with the implemented persuasive feature which can be manipulated and implemented by other e-commerce websites
From Lab to Market: Challenges Faced By Academic Entrepreneur in Technology Transfer Pursuit
Get PDFThe development of academic entrepreneurship is often benchmarked by the rate of patenting, licensing and spin-offs creation. However, these traditional indicators inherently require a long gestation period to materialize, thus creating a challenge to gauge the progress of novice universities. This paper preliminarily assesses the nature of academic entrepreneurship from a developing economy perspective and explore common challenges faced by academic entrepreneurs in bringing research discoveries from lab to market. Survey questionnaires were distributed to academic entrepreneurs of a public university in Malaysia and a series of answers to an open-ended question were analysed through content analysis. Although the results showed the rate of patents, licensing and start-up creations are modest, however, most of the scientists have made significant progress to the pre-commercialization stage by developing prototypes with commercial potential. The content analysis revealed that scientists’ entrepreneurial characteristics and institutional support were among the main factors that affect the commercialization of research discoveries. These findings suggest for the relevant authority to take improvement measures to enhance the efficiency of Technology Transfer Office and for the private funders and government disbursing agencies to provide more transparency in decision criteria and to reduce the period of application process and approval results. Avenues for future research are recommended based on the findings derived from this single case study
Board Oversight and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Arab and Non-Arab Countries
Get PDFThis study analyzes the impact of corporate governance (CG) practices and Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) on the financial performance of Islamic banks (IB). A sample of 20 Islamic banks from Arab and Non-Arab countries i.e. Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan and Malaysia were used. A CG-index was adopted from the literature which comprises of three sub-indices including Board of Directors (BOD), Audit Committee (AC) and Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB). The dataset covers the period from 2012 to 2018. The panel data regression technique was used for data analysis. The descriptive statistics suggest that the average score for CG-index is 76% which indicates that Islamic banks reasonably adhere to CG regulations. The panel regression results suggest an insignificant relationship between (1) CG and IB’s financial performance and (2) BOD and IB’s financial performance. These findings are consistent with earlier studies conducted on Arab countries. Moreover, the results also suggest that SSB and AC contribute positively towards asset performance but negatively towards equity performance. Policymakers should revisit the CG regulations in their countries to make them more influential towards the performance of Islamic banks