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Ageing and complexity: Reframing older adults’ learning through interdisciplinary lenses
No full textThis paper presents a critical literature review on the systemic interconnections between ageing, learning, and care. Using the lenses of complexity and interdisciplinarity, we analysed a sample of 62 papers published between 2003 and 2022, examining their reference to micro, meso and/or macro levels, theoretical depth, and use of complexity as a sensitizing concept to understand implications for learning and transformation as structural features of an ageing society. Our analysis highlighted the role of different settings of care (formal, informal, and technology-mediated) in shaping, enhancing, or hindering meaning, well-being, and social justice for older learners and their caregivers, and the implications for society at large. Findings suggest a gap in the examined literature regarding the use of complexity theories to highlight self-organisation, interdependence, and co-evolution of individual and systemic learning. A theoretical interdisciplinary framework, we contend, would better mirror the multiple factors and levels entailed in the process of ageing
Controlling Language and Style of Multi-lingual Generative Language Models with Control Vectors
No full textControl vectors have recently gained popularity as a method for steering transformer-based generative language models. This paper contributes to this path of research by evaluating the robustness of these control vectors in multi- and cross-lingual question-answering settings mimicking the real-world deployment scenario, where models are expected to generate answers to challenging questions. We present a set of experiments to demonstrate that a control vector approach can be used to shift the output of a generative language model from one language to another, and to exercise stylistic control of the output across languages. Overall, we find that the control vector approach offers a relatively lightweight and effective path for developing methods to control the output of multilingual language models with multiple design choices affecting the real-world control performance
Tankeredskap för mångsidig bedömning av laborationer
No full textDet är svårt att bedöma elevers prestationer vid laborationer. Lärare behöver därför ett mångsidigt och likvärdigt betygsunderlag som tar hänsyn till elevernas kunskaper i de olika delarna av undersökande arbete. I den här texten lyfter vi exempel på redskap som kan stödja lärares bedömning genom att tydliggöra vilken kunskap som elever kan ge uttryck för i samband med systematiska undersökningar
Experiences of stigma among adult learners in second-chance education: A life-history approach
No full textThis article examines four life-histories from students who recently completed second-chance education at a Swedish folk high school, having previously left upper secondary school without full qualifications – an experience often associated with academic failure. Through their studies, they have now gained eligibility for further education. Their narratives – shaped by different explanations for their earlier difficulties – are analysed using Erving Goffman’s concept of stigma. The study highlights the varied ways individuals navigate school failure and departure from dominant educational norms. At the same time, their stories reflect pride in having forged alternative paths, particularly through labour market experiences. Using an educational life-history approach, the article explores how participants relate to their past school failure – retrospectively, in the present, and with regard to their futures. Particular attention is paid to how stigma tied to compulsory school failure influence their educational trajectories and how they position themselves as students
Why Two Recent Attempts to Rescue Constitutive Luck Do Not Work
No full textAccording to Rescher, luck is chancy, but constitution is not, and so constitutive luck is a contradiction in terms.In this paper, I look at two recent attempts to controvert this argument. According to the first, constitution is notchancy, but neither is moral luck, because moral luck is not a species of luck. According to the second, moral luckis chancy, but constitution is too, because the comparative class is not the agent herself but rather the populationat large. I argue that neither of these attempts is successful. I begin by explaining the importance of constitutiveluck
Fight for your (climate) rights! Ethical, legal, and human rights perspectives on democracy and protest
No full textThe climate protests of Last Generation have not only garnered widespread attention but also sparked significant criticism. A key argument against their actions is that they undermine democratic processes and therefore pose a threat to democracy. Such critiques frame the group’s environmental concerns as being in opposition to their critics’ concerns for democracy. In this paper, we explore how this perceived tension between climate protection and democracy can be addressed. Drawing on ethical, legal, and human rights perspectives, we argue that this conflict cannot be resolved by simply prioritizing one side over the other. Instead, each of these perspectives affirms that both climate protection and democracy are fundamental values, state objectives, and legal principles. Consequently, we argue that the best way to address this tension is to fundamentally reframe the debate itself. Instead of asking whether “democracy or climate protection” should take priority, we should emphasize their interdependence and synergies—shifting toward a “democracy and climate protection” framework. To support this argument, we draw on Robin Celikates’ concept of radical democratic civil disobedience, which allows us to perceive Last Generation’s protest actions as a struggle for both climate justice and democracy
Individual determinants of extended working lives: A systematic review of the literature
No full textThe extension of working lives (EWL) appears as a long-term transformation driven by the increase in longevity and the expansion of institutional incentives to postpone retirement. However, the increase in average retirement ages is being less intense and more heterogeneous than promised by pension reforms. The mismatch between structural and individual changes reinforces the interest of a precise knowledge of the influence of individual determinants on EWL. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology (Page et al. 2021), this article provides a systematic review of literature with the objective of conceptualizing variants of EWL and systematizing empirical evidence of the influence of individual determinants on EWL. This review can be of benefit both for detecting the areas on which future research should focus and for guiding the discussions on potential pension system reforms while considering the heterogeneity of individuals’ profiles
Inre motivation positiv för elevers utveckling och lärande
No full textHar yttre belöningar (exempelvis guldstjärnor i kanten av skrivboken) en negativ inverkan på elevers inre motivation? Minskar intresset för människor att engagera sig i eller prestera väl i en uppgift när yttre belöningar erbjuds? Flera meta-analyser har visat att så är fallet. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) är en teori som såväl teoretiskt som praktiskt belyser hur lärare kan stödja elever för att öka deras inre motivation
Familjeaktiv inskolning i förskolan – nya roller för förskolepedagoger
No full textNär inskolning av barn i förskolan på betydande sätt förändras, uppstår behov av nya förhållningssätt till barn och föräldrar. Nya professionella roller för förskolepedagoger (förskollärare och barnskötare) skapas. Dessa roller skiljer sig betydligt från de roller som intogs tidigare. Denna artikel fokuserar dessa nya pedagogroller och deras betydelse mot bakgrund av tidigare former av inskolningsmodell (er)
Aktionsforskning för att undersöka förskolebarns möjligheter för återhämtning i förskolans miljö
No full textArtikeln belyser ett projekt där förskollärare från fyra fristående förskolor har samverkat med forskare från Högskolan i Halmstad inom ramen för ULF - Utveckling, Lärande och Forskning (Thorsten, 2021). Projektet är ett aktionsforskningsprojekt med fokus på förskolebarns möjligheter till återhämtning i form av vila och pulshöjande aktiviteter. I utvecklingsarbetet har förskolorna utgått från barnens behov och planerat aktioner utifrån det. Barn mellan fyra och sex år har deltagit och deras deltagande har varit väsentligt för projektet som bland annat har resulterat i kollegialt lärande och inneburit en förändring av lärmiljöerna där barnen erbjuds varierade lärmiljöer för återhämtning i olika former