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Antioxidant effect of chromium picolinate on chronic exercise-induced oxidative stress in male rats
No full textChromium picolinate influences antioxidant mechanisms, potentially affecting oxidative stress levels during prolonged aerobic exercise. This study investigates the effects of chromium supplementation on Catalase (CAT) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in chronic aerobic exercise in male rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups containing 7 mice each (control, exercise, chromium, and chromium + exercise). Supplemented rats received chromium picolinate (8 µg/kg/day) daily for eight weeks. Exercise was performed on a rat treadmill at an average speed of 15 cm/s for 20 min, five days a week for eight weeks. At the end of the 8th week of the experimental period, blood samples were taken. CAT, MDA, AOPP, and GSH analyses were performed. It was observed that the chromium + exercise group induced a significant reduction in CAT activity compared to the other three groups (− 8.6 to − 12%, p < 0.05). MDA values meaningfully increased (18.2–25.7%, p < 0.001) in all groups, except the controls after the 8-week intervention. All groups demonstrated an increase in AOPP (8.1–12.3%, p < 0.001), but not the controls. In GSH, all experimental groups showed a significant elevation (30.3–45.8%, p < 0.001) compared to the control group (p < 0.001) following an 8-week intervention period. The present findings indicate that supplementation with chromium picolinate, whether administered alone or in conjunction with aerobic exercise, led to modulations in oxidative stress and redox status indices in male rats following an 8-week aerobic exercise regimen. The observed reduction in CAT activity may suggest a lowered oxidative challenge; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution, as decreased antioxidant enzyme activity can also reflect a potential limitation in defense capacity
Anatolia’s Hidden Orthopteran Lineage: Discovery of Salmanihippus gen. nov. via Integrative Taxonomy
No full textThree populations of a new genus and populations of five Anatolian species of Gomphocerus are examined morphologicallyusing morphometric analysis (Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis, CDF). The phylogenetic relationship betweenthe new genus and the morphologically similar genera of Gomphocerus, Gomphocerippus, and Aeropedellus are assessedusing the mitochondrial COI and Cyt-b gene sequences. Additionally, the bioacoustics of the three populations of the newgenus are compared with previous bioacoustic descriptions of the related Gomphocerinae genera. The morphometric databased on the eigenvalue criterion (eigenvalue > 1) 31 morphometric variables are grouped under seven distinct factors.The morphometric analysis clearly separates the new genus from Gomphocerus acutus and G. hemipterus by Function 2and from G. eyluldenizi, G. turcicus, and G. transcaucasicus by Function 1. Bioacoustics data demonstrate a unique callingsong pattern of the new genus, which clearly differs from those of its related genera. The morphological, bioacoustic, andgenetic data support the description of a new genus within the subtribe Gomphocerini: Salmanihippus gen. nov. The newgenus is endemic to the northeastern Black Sea region of Anatolia. The previously known species Aeropedellus turcicuswas transferred to a new genus, Salmanihippus turcicus (Karabag, 1959) gen. et comb. nov., and redescribed. A key togenera of Gomphocerini, necessary illustrations and diagnostic figures are provided. BEAST analysis conducted with 25sequences (1077 bp) show that the diversification of the genera started in the Miocene (Tortonian) at approximately 9.5Mya. According to the chronogram, the new genus diverged from its closest relative approximately 1.88 million years ago(Ma). This periodization places the divergence in the early Pleistocene, suggesting that Quaternary climatic oscillationscould have played a significant role in the isolation and evolution of this lineage.</p
Examining the Digital Literacy and Artificial Intelligence Attitudes of University Students Studying Arts
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