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Psychological Elements of Insurgents Strategies of Al-Shabaab in Kenya and Boko Haram in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper examines the recurring activities of insurgents that have been at the core of security crises in Nigeria and Kenya arising from the activities of the Boko Haram (BH) and the Al-Shabaab adopting terrorist strategies and tactics. Data are generated from primary source through in-depth interviews with selected key informants and secondary sources with the review of relevant textbooks, journal articles, internet and other archival materials. The paper adopts content analysis of relevant literature and comparative analysis of the psychological elements of BH and Al-Shabaab groups in Nigeria and Kenya. It shows that insurgent activities have been a fundamental problem in Nigeria and Kenya in the last decade. The study identifies two psychological perspectives of insurgency - “syndrome” and “tool”. The paper also shows that, intimidation, chaos, provocation, attrition, virtual and cyberspace elements of terrorism strategies are common to Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab operations in Nigeria and Kenya. The paper concludes that individual African societies and the continent must address the syndrome factors to be able to combat terrorism as a tool in the hands of individuals and groups who disagree with states and see terrorism as an instrument to fight against perceived and/or real psychological trauma
A LEGAL APPRAISAL OF THE REGULATORY REGIME OF STATELESS PERSONS PARTICPATION AND ELIGIBILITY AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Get PDFThe legal basis for Olympics participation as prescribed by the Olympic charter is that of recognised nationality. Nevertheless, the Olympic committee varied its regulation to include refugees to accommodate their participation at the Olympics despite their lack of active nationality. The distinction between stateless and refugee persons in international law vis-a-vis participation at the Olympic Games was examined. The Olympic charter was also perused and analysed to discover if special provisions were made for stateless persons in Olympic participation. There was an extensive deliberation of the disability state of stateless persons and how that categorizes them into privileges and rights of disabled persons to sports participation and by extension the Olympics participation. A regime for temporal citizenship was also examined as a platform for stateless persons to temporarily participate and represent the host state. Doctrinal and content analysis was the methodology adopted in this paper. The suggestion of the Olympic citizenship was also posited as an extension of the temporal variant of citizenship where stateless athletes are temporarily ascribed as citizens solely for the purpose of representing the host state at the Olympics. The internationally recognised human right to work was also analysed in consonance with its application to the right of stateless athletes to participate at the Olympics.
Keywords: Olympics, Stateless persons, participation, temporal citizenship, disabilit
CONTRACT OF BAILMENT IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL
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The contract of bailment, a fundamental aspect of Nigerian contract law, serves as a legal framework governing the relationship between a bailor and a bailee concerning the temporary transfer of possession of goods or assets. This paper provides a comprehensive appraisal of the contract of bailment within the context of Nigerian legal jurisprudence. The paper adopts the doctrinal research method and employs the use of legal and critical analysis in its delve into the foundational principles underpinning bailment contracts in Nigeria, examining the rights, duties, and liabilities of both parties involved. It explores the legal requirements for establishing a valid bailment agreement, including the essential elements such as delivery, acceptance, and the purpose of the bailment. Furthermore, the study critically evaluates the statutory provisions, case laws, and judicial interpretations shaping the landscape of bailment contracts in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of clear terms and conditions in bailment agreements to mitigate disputes and ambiguities that may arise during the bailment period. The paper also addresses contemporary issues and challenges facing the bailment contract in Nigeria, such as the impact of technological advancements, the role of insurance, and the enforcement of bailment rights in the face of breach or negligence by either party. The paper concludes that contracts of bailment play a pivotal role in Nigerian commerce. It facilitates transactions, safeguards the interests of both parties, and ensures the lawful and efficient transfer of goods. To further strengthen this vital legal framework, the paper advocates for a clearer legislative framework and increased stakeholder awareness. By doing so, we can enhance the effectiveness and fairness of bailment contracts in Nigeria.
Keywords: Contract, Bailment, Bailor, Bailee, Appraisa
LEGAL REPRESENTATION IN ISLAMIC LAW AND MUSLIM LAWYERS IN NIGERIA: AN ASSESSMENT
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The legal profession is a noble profession and it plays an important role in attainment of justice according to the rule of law and the task of ensuring the attainment of substantive justice is more onerous on Muslims who are lawyers as this is an obligation both in the religion and in the profession. Generally, legal representation is the discharge of a specialist duty by a professional who in his representation can serve an attorney, counselor, solicitors, barrister, advocate or agent. The paper compared the concept of legal representation under the Shariah and Common law wherein it consulted writings and opinions of scholars and Islamic jurists on the basis for legal representation in Islam making recourse to the concept of wakalah (agency) and rights and duties of a Wakeel (agent) and Mutawakeel (principal). The paper with the aid of doctrinal method observed that though traces of legal representation cannot be clearly found in explicit words in the shariah but deduction from happenings and actions of prophets of Islam will lead to the just conclusion that legal representation has its roots in Shariah. The paper recommends that scholars should be firm in their resolve as to the presence of Legal representation in the Shariah through the concept of Wakalah.
KEYWORDS: LEGAL REPRESENTATION, MUSLIM LAWYERS, NIGERIA, WAKALAH
 
THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN LEGAL EDUCATION
Get PDFThe legal profession is rapidly evolving, driven by technology and artificial intelligence (AI). Traditional legal education methods struggle to equip graduates with the skills needed to thrive in this new environment. This paper explores how AI and technology can revolutionize legal education, creating a more engaging, effective, and accessible experience for students. A range of AI and technology tools can enhance legal education. Digital and virtual libraries provide vast, readily accessible resources. AI-powered research assistants, legal research bots, and citation generation software streamline the research process, saving time and effort. Virtual classrooms offer flexibility and scalability, allowing students to learn from anywhere in the world. Interactive simulations through virtual legal clinics, case management software, and simulated courtroom environments provide practical experience with legal scenarios. AI can even assist in assessment and certification, offering automated grading and plagiarism detection. These tools offer numerous benefits. AI-powered research tools enhance research efficiency and effectiveness. Virtual libraries and online platforms improve accessibility, making legal education more attainable. Virtual legal clinics and simulations help students develop practical skills. AI-powered tutors and mentors can personalize the learning experience. Finally, AI can streamline assessment and certification processes. Integrating AI and technology requires collaboration. Law schools need to invest in faculty training, develop dedicated courses on AI and the law, and update curriculums to incorporate these tools. Additionally, ethical considerations regarding fairness, equity, and responsible use of AI must be addressed. By embracing AI and technology, legal education can prepare future lawyers for the challenges and opportunities of the modern legal landscape. Educational institutions, legal education councils, and the government all have roles to play. Institutions need clear policies on technology integration, while the government can help negotiate affordable technology for educational use. Regulatory frameworks can ensure institutions meet technology-related benchmarks for accreditation. In conclusion, AI and technology offer a transformative opportunity for legal education. By integrating these tools thoughtfully and deliberately, we can create a future where legal education is more engaging, effective, and accessible for all students.
Keywords: Technology, Artificial Intellectual, Legal Education and Regulatory frameworks
 
Social Media Warfare: The Construction of Cancel Culture among Youths in Lagos State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study investigated the perception of cancel culture among youths in Lagos State, Nigeria. It explores how the online world affects the offline world. Symbolic Learning theory provided the framework while a mixed study approach guided the study.Alimosho Local Government area being the largest LGA in Lagos State was selected. Four hundred and thirty-two (432) questionnaires were randomly administered among youths who are social media users, and 5 in-depth interviews were conducted for social media users, influencers, community leaders, media personnel and religious leader for the qualitative phase. The study found that the concept of cancel culture has created amongst the youths, extreme movements of denunciations which have created a questionable expression of controversy and aroused resentment against individuals or groups of people. The study also discovered that, due to the strong reactionary beliefs connected with cancel culture, the phenomenon of cancel culture is undermining traditional cultural norms and calling into question societal social systems. The study concludes that holding people accountable for their actions and comments is desirable but allowing people to hear different opinions will promote a more receptive environment online. It is also important to note that while cancel culture has the potential to hold individuals accountable for their actions, it can also be misused as a tool for harassment, reputation stifling of free speech. Striking a balance between accountability and forgiveness, fostering constructive dialogue, and promoting empathy are crucial aspects in addressing the negative aspects associated with cancel culture
A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post Implementation Statuses of Beneficiaries of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme in Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFOsun State has been one of the beneficiaries of Nigeria\u27s Conditional Cash Transfer Programme (CCTP) since its inception in 2016. This study provides a comparative analysis of the poverty status of beneficiaries before and after the implementation of the CCTP in Osun State. The study adopts a descriptive research design. A multi-stage sampling process was employed to select participants from the programme. The population of the study consists of CCTP beneficiaries across the three senatorial districts of Osun State, with a sample size of 360 beneficiaries selected using a stratified sampling technique. Questionnaires were used for data collection. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings of the study reveal that beneficiaries of conditional cash transfers were poor before the implementation of the programme. The study also reveals that the poverty level of the beneficiaries reduced after programme implementation. The study, in essence, shows that there is a significant difference in the poverty status of beneficiaries before and after the implementation of the CCTP in Osun State. The study, therefore, concludes that the Nigerian government should intensify its effort to extend the CCTP to the nooks and crannies of the country so that many poor Nigerians can benefit from the programme
The Challenge of Development in Nigeria: Beyond the Corruption
Get PDFAbstractThis paper explores the challenges and dynamics of development in Nigeria, particularly through the lens of capitalism and its accompanying socio-economic structures. By examining the historical and contemporary influences of capitalist values, the paper delves into how these forces shape educational institutions, labor markets, and national economic policies. It highlights the pervasive role of corruption within the capitalist framework and its implications for Nigeria\u27s development trajectory. Furthermore, the paper critiques the external impositions of development models by global institutions and advocates for a bottom-up approach to defining and addressing the country\u27s developmental needs. Through this analysis, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding Nigeria\u27s quest for development and the need for a more indigenous and self-sustained approach to progress.KeywordsNigeria, development, capitalism, corruption, socio-economic structures
Phylogenetic position of Nigerian species of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in the Current Infrageneric Classification
Get PDFCurcuma longa L. (commonly known as Tumeric) is the only species of the genus Curcuma found in Nigeria. It is of great economic importance to Nigeria, Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world, where it is widely used for ornamental and medicinal purposes, and as spices in food and beverages. However, the phylogenetic placement of the turmeric plant (C. longa) in Nigeria is far from being fully resolved, hence the need for this study. The rhizomes of turmeric were collected at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Oyo state. Genomic DNA was extracted, followed by the amplification of the ITS and psbA-trnH regions. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum likelihood method. The result resolved the phylogenetic position of Nigerian species and supported existing subgenera classification into three clades, all with high bootstrap support for the three clades. The result of this study supports the subgenera classification of the genus and further reveals the phylogenetic position of C. longa.
Keywords: Curcuma longa, ITS, psbA-trnH, Sanger Sequencing, Zingiberacea
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE APPLICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF VICARIOUS LIABILTY
Get PDFThe rapid advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in various disciplines have brought significant changes to the world, including Nigeria. However, the expansion of AI systems raises critical concerns regarding the potential negligence and responsibility for any harm caused by these intelligent machines and the Nigerian Legal System has not addressed AI-related negligence and vicarious liability. It is against this backdrop that this work examined the negligence of artificial intelligence and the application of the doctrine of vicarious liability in Nigeria. The work revealed that the application of AI technology is expanding across sectors such as healthcare, transportation, finance, law and medical professions. Negligence in the context of AI can arise from several factors, including design flaws, programming errors, inadequate training data, biased algorithms, or insufficient testing and the doctrine of vicarious liability becomes crucial in determining who should bear responsibility for AI-related harm. The work concluded that due to the dearth of a legal framework for AI in Nigeria, most of these breaches have remained unresolved. To address this, this work made a number of recommendations which include the need for a legal framework to address the liability of AI, There is need for Standards and Guidelines: Industry-specific standards and guidelines should be developed for AI systems to ensure their safe and responsible deployment, need for training and awareness for medical practitioners, legal practitioners, judges, policymakers, and other stakeholders to enhance their understanding of AI technologies and their implications for negligence and vicarious liability, among others
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Vicarious Liability, Negligence, Doctrine and Legal framewor