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The Supreme Court Judgment on Financial Autonomy for Local Governments and Good Governance at the Grassroots
No full textThe paper examines the structure of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of
Nigeria 1999 (as amended) and established that Nigeria is explicitly a federation of two
levels of government in accordance with section 2(2) of the constitution. But the
constitution at the same provided for a third tier or third order government; the local
government, with explicit and constitutionally guaranteed or approved exclusively and
concurrent responsibilities and sources of revenue, whose officials are also like the federal
and state governments constitutionally and democratically elected.Although the local
government is a third tier government, there is a general view that the local government
are abysmally failing in providing services as prescribed in the constitution effectively and
efficiently to the people. Some of the principal reasons adduced for this state of affairs are
the strangulating meddlesomeness of the state government, exemplified in their tendency
to deny local governments of the constitutionally guaranteed revenue from federation
account, coupled with the intimidating practice of arbitrary removal of democratically
elected local government chairmen from office by State Governors at their fancy. It is in
light of this that this paper views the Supreme Court judgment ordering direct remittances
of revenue to local government account from the federation account and barring
Governors from arbitrarily removing democratically elected local government from office
as a veritable and sustainable action towards guaranteeing good governance to local
government councils as developmental democratically and most importantly an efficient
and effective governance institution in service delivery to its people. The paper relies on
content analysis and doctrinal approaches using relevant literatures such as books,
journals, case laws, statutes, the constitution and internet sources. The theoretical model
adopted for this paper is the Efficiency School of Thought. The whole essence of this paper
is to high light the responsibilities of local government as a governmental agent of service
to the people and the impediments for its failure to do so. The paper is supportive of the
judgment of the Supreme Court and recommends that the judgment should be enforced
Accretion flow dynamics and characteristics of MAXI J153–571-spectral analysis using combination of XSPEC and TCAF models
Get PDFMAXI J153–571 accretion flow consists of Keplerian (optically thick) and sub-Keplerian (optically thin) flow, and their mass accretion rates seem to regulate other accretion flow characteristics. Hard X-rays are produced when the Keplerian seed soft photons are thermally or inverse comptonized in the Compton cloud/post-shock region by hot electrons. The variations/fluctuations of components of the accretion flow during the hard states create
propagating Quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) when their timescales are roughly matched and resonance phenomena occur. The QPO and its frequency are timing properties and the accretion flow spectra-temporal characteristics can be determined via spectral analysis. In this study, we looked into the accretion flow characteristics
of MAXI J153–571 during the hard-intermediate state. Spectral analysis of MAXI J153–571 observed by MAXI/
GSC, Swift/BAT, and NuSTAR on the same or close-in epochs was carried out. XSPEC and TCAF models were used
in fitting/modeling the data. A robust and statistically acceptable fit spectra with a reduced Chi-squared value of
~ 0.84 – 1.20 and best-fit photon index of 2.0–2.29 was obtained. The track of the accretion flow characteristics
was obtained using models’–fitted parameters and MATLAB written codes of physical equations. Some accretion
flow characteristics are positively correlated while others are anti-correlated at different phases and their correlation are statistically significant. The correlation of accretion flow characteristics with one another suggests
that saturation effects, variation/fluctuations in the accretion flow, and intermittent/flickering behavior of MAXI
J153–571 are tied to the variations/fluctuations of the intrinsic properties; mass accretion rates. Moreover, a
resonance condition of 0.70 to 0.83 indicates that the cooling and infall timescales are roughly matched and
affirms the presence of QPO in the accretion flow. This suggests that the origin of the photon index–QPO frequency (Γ–vQPO) relation is strongly linked to the variation/fluctuations in mass accretion flow rates. Hence,the accretion flow is dynamic, and independent variations/fluctuations of mass accretion rates could regulate the variation/fluctuations of other accretion flow parameters and perhaps, spectral evolution
SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION AS ROAD MAP FOR VALUE REORIENTATION AND ADDRESSING SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper focused on Social Studies Education as road map for Value Reorientation and Addressing security challenges in Nigeria. Social Studies Education is equipped with the rudiments for being a responsible and responsive citizen. This is capable of making the learners function well in any society including Nigeria. Presently Nigeria is faced with both social, economic, religious, and political crisis and all manner of insecurity issues especially among the youth. The need for value re-orientation and promotion of national security cannot be overemphasized. This can be achieved through the learning of school content such as Social Studies. This paper argues that Social Studies Education serves as a road through which Nigeria as a nation can achieve the desired value orientation and national security. It provides an avenue for the young ones to be taught the importance of tolerance, harmonious co-existence, respect for other people’s culture, critical and creative thinking required for innovation among others, in order to become reliable future leaders and good followers that are devoid of rebellious behaviours. This study concludes that the required attitude, norms, and values are embedded in social studies curriculum and that the classroom teachers should meticulously implement the curriculum so as to achieve the need of the nation through the desired educational goals. Teachers should be re-trained on effective implementation of Social Studies content in order to produce highly patriotic citizens who immensely desires positive change in their society
Parental Monitoring and Parenting Styles as Predictors of Deviant Behaviour among Undergraduate Students
Get PDFThe study investigated parental conflict and parenting style as predictors of
undergraduate students, one hundred and fifty-six (156) undergraduate students
with mean age of 19.16 and SD of 1.895 were drawn using multi-stage (cluster,
simple random: by balloting and purposive) sampling techniques as participants
from Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu. Deviant Behaviour
Variety Scale (DBVS; Sanches et al., 2016), Baumrid (1971) Parental care scale and
Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC) (Grych, Seid, &
Fincham, 1992) were used for data collection, a correlational design was adopted,
while multiple hierarchical linear regression using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) Version 27 software was used for data analysis. Finding shows that
parental conflict (self-blame Stβ= -.009 and t= -.037, conflict properties Stβ= -.095
and t= -.394 and threat Stβ= .301 and t= 1.159 at p< .05) did not predict deviant
behaviour among undergraduate student, Parenting style (authoritarian parenting
Stβ= .425 and t= 1.861, permissiveness parenting Stβ= .019 and t= .100 and
authoritative parenting Stβ= -.098 and t= -.433 at p < .05) did not predict deviant
behaviour among undergraduate student. Hence, clinical psychologist and care
givers should derive a means to handle the onset of deviant behaviour
Impact of Availability Dimension of Financial Inclusion on Poverty in Selected Developing Countries
Get PDFThis paper examined the relationship between the
availability dimension of financial inclusion and
poverty reduction in selected developing countries
between 2012 and 2019. Using time series data and
subjecting it to the necessary pre-regression diagnostic
tests, the study employed appropriate estimators to
determine the impact of financial infrastructure on
poverty outcomes. The findings revealed that the
availability dimension of financial inclusion—measured
through the number of commercial bank branches,
microfinance institutions, ATMs, and mobile money
outlets per 100,000 adults—has a negative and statistically
significant effect on poverty. This implies that improved
accessibility of financial services contributes to reducing
the poverty headcount by enabling a wider section of the
population, particularly in rural and underserved areas, to
participate in the financial system. Based on these
findings, the paper recommends the adoption of policies
that foster collaboration between monetary authorities
and financial institutions to expand outreach. Importantly,
bank expansion strategies should not be driven solely by
profitability but should emphasise inclusivity, thereby
enhance financial access and promote sustainable poverty
alleviation
Interrogating the Impact of the Use of WhatsApp on the Voting Behaviour of University of Nigeria, Nsukka Students During the 2023 Nigerian Presidential Election
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of WhatsApp on the voting behaviour of University of Nigeria, Nsukka students during the 2023 Nigerian presidential election. The agenda setting theory guided the study and ex post facto cum survey research design was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaire administered to 400 students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The data for the research were analysed using frequency counts and percentage. Findings indicate that political campaign on WhatsApp influenced voter turnout among University of Nigeria, Nsukka students during the 2023 presidential election. The study recommends that voter education on various student WhatsApp platforms could enhance voter turnout during elections
POWER SECTOR REFORM AND ENERGY UTILIZATION IN ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA, 2013-2023
Get PDFRecruitment have become a fundamental tool in achieving productivity in any organization. However, the
quality of staff in an organisations is one of the factors that determine how the organization is going to be
successful in terms of realizing its objectives of increased productivity, efficiency and effectiveness in terms of
service delivery. This study examined staff recruitment and productivity in local government system in
Enugu State 1999-2021. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses, the objective of
the study was to ascertain the relationship between staff recruitment and productivity in the local government
system in Enugu State. The researcher adopted descriptive survey design. The researcher also utilized Human
Resource Management Theory to extrapolate the study. The population for the study was 4,411,100 residents
of Enugu State. Also, sample for the study was 450 respondents. Multi stage sampling techniques were
adopted for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequency and standard
deviation was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that there is a relationship between staff
recruitment and low productivity in local government system in Enugu State. The study concluded that,
there is a dire need for a review of recruitment processes in the local government in Enugu State to enhance
productivity. The study suggested that to enhance productivity within the local government system, priority
should be given to hiring the most qualified candidates for the position
CULTURAL APPROACHES TO SEXUAL MATTERS INNIGERIAWITHREGARD TO WOMEN AND GIRLS: FOCUS ON MBANESECLAN
Get PDFCultural Approaches to sexual matters in Nigeria and Mbanese clan in the 21
st centuryundermines the health, dignity, security, and autonomy of women and girls, its victims, yet it
remains shrouded in a culture of silence. This paper examines the cultural approaches toissuesof child marriage/forced marriage, female circumcision, sexual assaults, widowhood practicesand socio-economic violence. It is observed that cultural approaches to sexual matters isacommon phenomenon in the society and that the majority of the people in Nigeria andinMbanese clan in particular do not consider it a problem or crime. While applying Liberal andSocialist Feminist theory in the study, the paper recommends aggressive education and training that cuts across every strata of the society. Furthermore, it insists that a collective measure that
comprises all stakeholders such as the local, state and federal government as well as the international agencies are required for the effective eradication of cultural approaches that
undermines the women. Methodically, the study was dimensionally eclectic, sequel to the abundance of primary and secondary information
Government Agencies and Traditional Institutions in the Management of Peace and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria
Get PDFConflict is inevitable in human society and the government agencies charged with the responsibility of restoring peace and conflict resolution have not really given the desired result. Thus this paper argues why government agencies’ partnership with the traditional institutions is a desideratum for peace and conflict resolution in Nigeria. This study adopts the Balance of Power Theory as popularized by the American realist, Kenneth Neal Waltz in 1979 which prefers mutual collaboration and co-operating states for efficiency in the course of peace and conflict resolution. Also, this research adopts APA manual of style in research documentation and combines both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Using the analytic method of research, the paper critically examines and compares the government agencies and traditional institutions in matters of peace and conflict resolution to discover that there is urgent need for partnership to achieve the desired goal. Towards addressing the stated aim, the paper studies the meaning of conflict as a social situation in which a minimum of two actors or parties strive to acquire at the same time an available set of scarce resources. Also, the paper studies the role of the government and her agencies in matters of conflict management side by side with the traditional institutions. The findings of the study show that government officials/stakeholders take advantage of crisis situations to promote their political interest either by instigating or fueling already existing crisis. Also, that the government agencies such as the police and army end up with abuse of fundamental human rights, brutality, arbitrary killings, sexual violence, while the judiciary hang up matters for years without judgment. On the other hand, the traditional institutions are made up of elders, chiefs, priests, priestesses, secret cult etc in whom the local communities repose great trust and confidence for peace and conflict resolution. This paper concludes that minding the deplorable compromise of most government institutions in matters of peace and conflict resolution, there is urgent need for partnership with traditional institutions as a desideratum towards achieving the desired peace and co-existence in Nigeria
PHILOSOPHY AS A HANDMAID OF THEOLOGY: DYNAMISM OF QUEENSHIP AND HANDMAIDEN OF SCIENCES
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is an attempt to establish that philosophy is both
the queen and handmaid of theology and other sciences. Using the
method of analysis, this paper makes a historical and critical conceptual
assessment of both philosophy and theology to understand the lines of
queenship and handmaiden in the relationship between philosophy and
theology. The paper studies philosophy as a rational inquiry into all the
vicissitudes of life while theology is the science of God in relations to
creatures especially the human person. This paper establishes that
Philosophy is historically the first professional discipline which supplies
the tool of reason to all other sciences and theology inclusive. The
implication of the relationship between philosophy as a handmaid to
theology is not that of slavery but as a minister or in the service of rational
inquiry. This is not a relationship of superiority and subordinate but of
service. Thus, philosophy provides theology with the tools for exegesis,
interpretations, analysis, historicity, proofs/defense of dogma/faith, etc.
Therefore, philosophy can be said to be the handmaid of theology while
maintaining its position as the queen of all sciences