Repositorio UNIBAGUA - Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguia de Bagua
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Propuesta de módulo de vivienda Awajún de bambú para reducir el déficit habitacional en la comunidad de Tsuntsuntsa – Bagua
Get PDFLa propuesta de un módulo de vivienda Awajún de bambú para reducir el déficit habitacional en la comunidad de Tsuntsuntsa es el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación; cuyo fin último es mostrar una opción de vivienda sostenible para las comunidades nativas Awajún de la provincia de Bagua, reduciendo la sobreexplotación de la madera, siendo amigables con la naturaleza, simplificando costos en la construcción y dándole un valor agregado al cultivo del bambú. El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada, con un nivel descriptivo, no experimental de tipo transversal. Los resultados de la investigación diagnosticaron que el déficit habitacional cualitativo fue de 95.56 por ciento con un índice de hacinamiento del 50.40 por ciento; por ello, se planteó una propuesta arquitectónica y estructural adaptada a las necesidades de la población objetivo; cuyos resultados del análisis estructural determinaron que el peso de la edificación es 14.66 ton, obteniendo periodos de vibración de 0.24s con derivas mínimas de 0.004. Finalmente, la evaluación de costo por metro cuadrado de vivienda fue 435.70 soles con una rentabilidad mayor al 70 por ciento respecto a viviendas de albañilería construidas en la comunidad. Con esta propuesta se reduce el déficit habitacional cualitativo diagnosticado en la comunidad por ser un módulo rentable, construido con materiales de construcción renovables, que se adecua a la cosmovisión Awajún sin perder los principios de una vivienda adecuada y que contribuye con la reducción de la huella de carbono.The proposal of a bamboo Awajún housing module to reduce the housing deficit in the community of Tsuntsuntsa is the objective of this research work; whose ultimate goal is to show a sustainable housing option for the native Awajún communities of the province of Bagua, reducing the overexploitation of wood, being friendly with nature, simplifying construction costs and giving an added value to the cultivation of bamboo. The research approach was quantitative, applied, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional. The results of the research diagnosed that the qualitative housing deficit was 95.56 percent with an overcrowding index of 50.40 percent; therefore, an architectural and structural proposal adapted to the needs of the target population was proposed; the results of the structural analysis determined that the weight of the building is 14.66 tons, obtaining vibration periods of 0.24s with minimum drifts of 0.004. Finally, the evaluation of the cost per square meter of housing was 435.70 soles with a profitability greater than 70 percent compared to masonry houses built in the community. This proposal reduces the qualitative housing deficit diagnosed in the community because it is a cost-effective module, built with renewable construction materials, which is adapted to the Awajún cosmovision without losing the principles of adequate housing and contributes to the reduction of the carbon footprint.DEDICATORIA – AGRADECIMIENTO -- DECLARATORIA DE AUTENTICIDAD DEL ASESOR -- DECLARATORIA DE ORIGINALIDAD DEL AUTOR -- INDICE DE CONTENIDOS -- ÍNDICE DE TABLAS -- ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS -- RESUMEN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCCIÓN -- I. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA -- 1.1. Determinación del problema de investigación -- 1.2. Formulación del Problema -- 1.3. Objetivos: General y específico -- 1.3.1. Objetivo General -- 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos -- 1.4. Importancia y alcances de la Investigación -- 1.5. Limitaciones de la investigación -- II. MARCO TEÓRICO -- 2.1. Antecedentes del Estudio -- 2.1.1. Antecedentes Internacionales -- 2.1.2. Antecedentes Nacionales -- 2.2. Bases teóricas de la primera y segunda variable -- 2.2.1. Vivienda Sostenible -- 2.2.2. Bambúes en el Nororiente peruano -- 2.2.3. Caracterización de Guadua en el Distrito de Aramango -- 2.2.4. Producción y comercialización del Bambú en Amazonas -- 2.2.5. Bambú Estructural -- 2.2.6. Análisis estructural con elementos de bambú -- 2.2.7. Diseño estructural con elementos de bambú -- 2.2.8. Déficit Habitacional en las Comunidades Awajún -- 2.3. Definición de términos básicos -- 2.3.1. Construcción Sostenible -- 2.3.2. Bambú -- 2.3.3. Bambú estructural -- 2.3.4. Bambú preservado -- III. HIPÓTESIS Y VARIABLES -- 3.1. Hipótesis -- 3.2. Variables -- 3.2.1. Variable Independiente -- 3.2.2. Variable Dependiente -- 3.3. Operacionalización de variables -- IV. METODOLOGÍA -- 4.1. Enfoque de la investigación -- 4.2. Tipo de investigación -- 4.3. Diseño de investigación -- 4.4. Método -- 4.5. Población y Muestra -- 4.5.1. Descripción de la zona de estudio -- 4.5.2. Población -- 4.5.3. Muestra -- 4.6. Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos -- 4.7. Validez y confiabilidad de instrumentos -- 4.8. Contrastación de hipótesis -- V. RESULTADOS -- 5.1. Presentación y análisis de los resultados -- 5.1.1. Déficit habitacional y nivel socioeconómico en la CC.NN. Tsuntsuntsa -- 5.1.2. Diseño arquitectónico y estructural en bambú -- 5.1.3. Evaluación del costo del módulo de vivienda -- 5.2. Discusión de resultados -- VI. CONCLUSIONES -- VII. RECOMENDACIONES -- VIII.REFERENCIAS -- ANEXO
Trace elements in fertilizers used in Peru
No full textFertilizers provide essential nutrients for crops, however, they may also inadvertently provide trace elements that in certain concentrations represent a risk to the soil and the food chain. The objective of this research was to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the most common fertilizers used in Peruvian agriculture. Twenty-one products including inorganic, organic mineral, and organic fertilizers were analyzed by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results were compared against international standards. The content of the trace elements was variable and related to the type of fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizers showed higher concentrations of Cd (3.3-42.3 mgkg-1), most of which exceeded the regulatory limits of several countries. In the case of Pb, none of the fertilizers analyzed exceeded the regulatory limits. Chicken manure showed the highest concentrations of Cu and Zn. The concentration of trace elements such as Cd in fertilizers should be monitored in Peru, since the prolonged and intensive use of phosphorus fertilizers in doses that do not consider technical recommendations, could represent an accumulation of these elements in soils, with the consequent risk to human health and the environment
Post-pandemic mental health: Psychological distress and burnout syndrome in regular basic education teachers
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of regular basic education teachers. Despite the fact that in recent months the number of infections has decreased significantly, the return to face-to-face classes is of great concern to teachers due to the adverse educational context they must face. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine whether or not psychological distress is significantly related to burnout syndrome in regular basic education teachers upon their return to face-to-face classes. This research employed a quantitative approach, the design was nonexperimental, and the type of study was descriptive–correlational and cross-sectional. In total, 184 teachers participated and responded using the Psychological Distress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which are instruments with adequate psychometric properties. The results indicated that 40.7% of the teachers had a moderate level of psychological distress, and 45.1% also had a moderate level of burnout syndrome. Likewise, it was found that the Pearson’s r correlation coefficient between the variables psychological distress and burnout syndrome was 0.752, and the p-value was below the level of significance (p < 0.05). It was concluded that there is a direct and significant relationship between psychological distress and burnout syndrome in regular basic education teachers upon their return to face-to-face classes. For this reason, it is suggested that the Ministry of Education should design policies that allow a reassessment of the work that teachers have been carrying out and that promote the implementation of preventive and corrective programs to improve their mental health
Analysis of germination curves of cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) using sigmoidal mathematical models
Get PDFSeed germination is the fundamental phenomenon that determines the successful growth and development of each plant species,even more so in Cinchona ofcinalis, which is a forest species that stands out for its medicinal importance. Te objective of thiswork was to determine the best sigmoidal mathematical model describing the germination of C. ofcinalis. For the germinationtest, a completely randomized design was used with six treatments and three replicates per treatment; 100 °C. ofcinalis seeds wereused per replicate, and 1800 seeds were needed in the trial. Gompertz sigmoidal, logistic, and von Bertalanfy models were used toanalyse the germination curves of C. ofcinalis. Te results of these adjustments were analysed based on the graphic representationand statistical criteria (Akaike’s value (AIC), R2 , and R2ai). Te results suggest that the Gompertz and logistic models havea better graphic representation, showing values close to those observed, while the von Bertalanfy model shows negative ger-mination values. According to the statistical criteria, the lowest AIC and the highest were obtained. R2 and R2ai with the Gompertzmodel, followed by the logistic model and von Bertalanfy. It is concluded that the Gompertz model can represent the shape of thegermination curves of C. ofcinalis for the six treatments of the test
Mental health of university students when returning to face-to-face classes: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFDepression, anxiety and stress are multifactorial affective disorders that could manifest through a set of symptoms, both physical and psychological, that affect the quality of life and performance of people who suffer from them. In this sense, the present research had the objective of evaluating depression, anxiety and stress in students of the Faculty of Engineering of a Peruvian public university when returning to face-to-face classes. The research was developed under a quantitative approach and is of a non-experimental design of the descriptive cross-sectional type. The sample consisted of 244 students who responded to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, an instrument with adequate psychometric properties. According to the results, the students presented low levels of depression and anxiety. However, they showed moderate levels of stress. On the other hand, it was found out that the three variables were directly and significantly related. In the same way, it was found that there were statistically significant differences regarding the levels of depression, anxiety and stress related to gender, age group, family responsibilities and professional career. Finally, it was concluded that there were symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in students of the Faculty of Engineering of a Peruvian public university when returning to face-to-face classes
Seasonal variability of water quality for human consumption in the Tilacancha conduction system, Amazonas, Peru
Get PDFThis study evaluated the seasonal variability of water quality in the Tilacancha River, the water source that supplies Chachapoyas, and the rural communities of Levanto and San Isidro del Maino of Perú. Eighteen physical, chemical, and microbiological water parameters were evaluated at five sampling points in two seasons (rainy and dry). To determine water quality, the results obtained for the parameters evaluated were compared with the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) established in the Regulation on Water Quality for Human Consumption (DS Nº 031-2010-SA), approved by the Environmental Health Directorate of the Ministry of Health. In addition, a Pearson correlation was performed to estimate the correlation between the variables evaluated. The results showed that microbiological parameters exceeded the MPLs in both periods evaluated, such as the case of total coliforms (44 MPN.100 mL-1), fecal coliforms (25 MPN.100 mL-1), and E. coli (5.45 MPN.100 mL-1), these microbiological parameters reported a positive correlation with turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and flow rate. In addition, aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) exceeded the MPL in the rainy (0.26 mg Al.L-1) and dry (1.41 mg.Mn-1.L-1) seasons, respectively. The results indicated that the water of the Tilacancha River is not suitable for human consumption. Therefore, it must be treated in drinking water treatment plants to be used as drinking water
Effect of compliance with environmental regulations in the construction of public civil works, Cajamarca, Peru
Get PDFConstruction activities produce considerable environmental effects and have resulted in a growing demand to implement favorable environmental practices. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of the level of compliance with environmental regulations in public civil works in the San Ignacio, Cajamarca, Peru district. Data were obtained through direct observation and structured interviews in 7 selected construction sites. The deductive and analytical method was used. As a result, the level of compliance was obtained. Work 4 had the highest rank, and works 2 and 5 had the lowest. Currently, all the works are in a similar range of compliance. The degree of association between the level of compliance with environmental regulations and the current state of the civil works indicates a probability of 0.0190, which shows that the low level of compliance with environmental regulations in the construction of public civil works in the district of San Ignacio generates a deterioration in the quality of the environment and increases the possibility of administrative sanctions
Evolution and future perspectives of scientific journals in Peruvian public universities
Get PDFIn Peru, scientific journals are in constant growth, as they seek to make visible the scientific work of licensed public universities. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the historical evolution and future perspectives of scientific journals in Peru. The research was carried out by reviewing the official web pages of each institution, taking into account the official list of universities authorized by the Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (SUNEDU). We reviewed journals that are included in the Sistema Regional de Información en Línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal (Latindex Catálogo 2.0), SciELO, Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. Data analysis was performed by tabulation in Excel and Minitab 19. We found 205 scientific journals, 51 are indexed in at least one database (Latindex Catálogo 2.0, SciELO, WOS, or Scopus) and 154 in no database, which means that the editorial teams have an arduous task. Only four journals are indexed in Scopus (three belong to the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and one to the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo). It is concluded that the evolution of the journals is a function of their Google Scholar H index. Likewise, support for public universities should be increased to promote the indexing of scientific journals to generate greater visibility of research at regional, national, and international levels of public universities in Peru. In this sense, future perspectives include incentive policies for researchers who publish in local journals
Social factors associated with poverty in households in Peru
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to identify the determinants of poverty at the household level in Peru in 2020. The research design was descriptive and correlational, with a type of nonexperimental research and quantitative approach, and considered the logit econometric model; the sources of information used correspond to the National Household Survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, from which the variables that are considered determinants of poverty were extracted and managed. It was determined that the size of the household positively influences by 1.3%; the economic income of the head of household negatively influences by 0.000828%; the years of education of the head of household influences by 0.1%; homeownership influences by 0.9%; access to social programs of food and non-food aid influence by 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively; access to drinking water service, hygienic service and electric power service have a negative influence of 1.8%, 0.6% and 1.7%; all these factors are associated with the poverty of households in Peru. Therefore, the social determinants of poverty were household size, economic income, years of education, access to homeownership, access to a social food aid program, access to a social non-food aid program, access to drinking water services, access to hygienic services and access to electric power services
Water quality in small-scale coffee production units, Amazonas, Peru
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to determine water quality in small-scale coffee production units in the Amazon Region, Peru. The characterization of the factors associated with coffee farmers was collected through surveys. The Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) method was used to determine the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the incoming water (AE) (water for human consumption) and the outgoing water (AS) (wastewater from coffee washing). The results indicated that the coffee growers do not have adequate technology for washing the coffee and that they use water for these activities. In the characterization of the water, significant differences were found between the parameters of the AE and the AS, where the pH of the AE ranged from 7.00 to 7.32 and the pH of the AS from 3.76 to 4.44. The turbidity of the AS showed high values of 1814.47 NTU. Total Coliforms (TC) and heavy metals such as copper and chromium all increased in value up to 0.20 and 0.15 ppm in the AS compared to the AE. The characteristics of the water quality consumed by the coffee growers are poor and values above Peruvian standards were found