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Interrogating the doctrine of fair hearing in the Nigerian constitution and the a-gbo-ejo-enikan-da-agba-osika in the Yoruba socio-cultural milieu
Full text linkThe right to a fair hearing as contained in the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic oi Nigeria, as amended, is as old as mankind. The doctrine of fair hearing which could be said to have existed with the first man in the garden of Eden, featured where God did not condemn either of the parties, but sought to hear from them before making a decision. The doctrine, simply put, means that in any matter for adjudication, each party should be given ample opportunity to present their case. Existing studies on fair hearing which has in it, the twin pillars of natural justice of Audi alteram partem (Hear the other side) and Nemo judex in causa sua (One cannot be a judge in his own case) and its implication on Nigeria's legal System and peacemaking process have focused on the legal, administrative, sociological and political perspectives. While some are of the view that the doctrine is not relevant in the Contemporary time, due to the intricacies involved in it, others believe that the system is as relevant as ever. For them, it is the only way the masses can have a sense of hope in a country where justice is believed to be delayed and denied with impunity. However, the focus of this paper is to explore the doctrine of fair hearing in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria vis a vis the Yoruba adjudicatory process of settling disputes (A gbo Ejo Enikan da, agba osika) which has over the years been applied for the sustenance of peace and order in Yoruba society. Methodologically, this paper relied on secondary sources for data collection. Recommendations are made for the incorporation of the two adjudicatory processes where necessary to ensure a just and peaceful society
Critiquing the presence of outsiders, women of questionable pasts in Jesus’ genealogy: lessons for contemporary Christianity
Full text linkTropical Journal of Arts and Humanities 6(2), pp. 53-63The book of Mathew has an unusual beginning and a casual reading shows a monotonous account of people “begoting” another and this itself, is somewhat boring and repetitive. Asides this repetitiveness, a striking feature of this account is the mention of four women and a fifth, Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba and Mary. Extant literature on the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew have largely focused on it from the perspective of his role as the messiah, his ancestry and lineage, and in comparison with the Lukan genealogy, with scant attention paid to the presence of women, especially from a critical point of view. This study, therefore critiqued the unusual mention of women in a chronicle of men given the patriarchal setting of the history. The aim of this research was to answer the following research questions: who are these women and why were they mentioned in an historical account that was predominantly masculine? What purpose did they serve in the Mathean genealogy? These questions were answered critically with the view of drawing lessons for contemporary Christians, especially as they concern women. The study used philosophical methods of contextualism and the verification principle. The study revealed that the inclusion of Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba and Mary in the genealogy of Christ was not accidental but purposeful, especially in a history that looked down on women. More so, many lessons could be drawn from the lives of these women by contemporary women, Christians generally and the society at large and the major one is that no one should be written off
students' spoken english self-efficiency and teachers' interpersonal relations in akinyele local government area of oyo state.
Full text linkThe study explores the correlatoin between students' spoken english self-efficacy and teachers students interpersonal relationship in eight public schools within akinyele local government area. Employind a descriptive survey research design, it sample 400 senior secondary students from the selected school. Quantitative data were collected using selfdesigned scales: the Assessment of Teacher Interpersonal Relationship Scales(SATIRS) and |Spoken English Self-Efficacy Scale(SESS). Findinds indicate teachers generally maintain positive interpersonal relationships
ساي ونيامي" لأستاذ الدكتور مشهود محمود محمد جمبا نموذجا الظواهر السردية والحوارية في أدب الرحلة النيجيرية :" إفادة الأنام بأخبار الرحلة إلى Narrative and dialogic phenomena in Nigerian travelog literature: “Ifadat al-anam bi Akhbar al-Rihlah ila sai wa Niamey” by Professor Mashood Mahmood Muhammad Jimba as a paradigm
Full text linkThe role of women in political activism in pre and post-colonial Yoruba history: lessons for contemporary society
Full text linkWomen are stakeholders in every aspect of human endeavor. Their roles can be seen in the economy, social, religion and political system of every society particularly in Yoruba society of south western Nigeria where they were/are not found wanting in the aforementioned areas of life, most especially in the political field that men often dominate. Even in the times of the gods, the role that Osun, goddess of river Osun played in the political administration of the world then for the recognition of women fold amongst the male gods sent to the earth by Olodumare, the supreme God in Yoruba belief, earned women their due respect till today. In pre-and post-colonial history of the Yoruba, Efunroye Tinubu remained politically active in both Lagos and Abeokuta. Subuola, Efunsetan Aniwura, Iyalode Ibadan and Feedge of Gbangan to mention a few were notable women in Yoruba society with political activism in the 1800s until the time Funmilayo Ransom Kuti who led the Egba women protest against taxation in Egba land. What were the secrets of their political activism? What lessons should contemporary women learn from their involvement in the politics of their time? These are some of the questions that this study tried to find answers to. The paper adopted historical, descriptive and empirical methods in its analysis
Suboptimal bacteriological quality of household water in municipal Ibadan, Nigeria
Full text linkAccess to potable water is difficult for many African residents. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of household water collected in the dry and wet seasons across five municipal local government areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, a large city in southwest Nigeria. A total of 447 water samples (dry season, n 5 250; wet season, n 5 197) were aseptically collected from a random sample of mapped households within Ibadan’s five municipal LGAs. The pH values and total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts were measured, and samples were screened for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia by standard phenotypic techniques and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The most common source of water was well (53.2%), followed by borehole (34%). None of the households used municipal tap water. Cumulatively, aerobic (P 5 0.0002) and coliform (P 5 0.0001) counts as well as pH values (P 5 0.0002) changed significantly between seasons, with increasing and decreasing counts depending on the LGA. Nonpotable water samples were found to be very common during the dry (86.8%) and wet (74.1%) seasons. Escherichia coli spp., as indicators of recent fecal contamination, were isolated from 115 (25.7%) of the household water sources. Thirty three Salmonella, four enteroaggregative E. coli, and four enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates but no Shigella or Yersinia isolates were identified. This study revealed the absence of treated tap water and the poor quality of alternative sources with detectable pathogens in municipal Ibadan. Addressing the city-wide lack of access to potable water is an essential priority for preventing a high prevalence of feco-orally transmitted infections
The future of Nigerian university system
No full textThe Nigerian University System (NUS) currently comprises a total of 264 Universities, 53 of
which are owned by the Federal Government, 62 owned by the various State Governments while
the remaining 149 are Privately owned. The total student population is in the region of Two Million
and Five Hundred Thousand. In this lecture, we have examined the issue of access, quality, funding
and governance as they affect the NUS. Interrogating data published by the Joint Admissions and
Matriculation Board (JAMB) over the period 2017 to 2023 we present quantitative, verifiable and
objective assessment of addressing the question of equity in the adoption of Educationally-Less-
Developed-States (ELDS) as a criterion for the selection of candidates for admission into
undergraduate programmes in Nigerian Federal Universities.
A trend analysis of contemporary events shows that the Nigerian University System will continue
to grow, rather haphazardly and in an unplanned manner, in leaps and bounds especially in terms
of student enrollment. Without a concomitant strengthening of leadership and governance, a
substantial increase in funding for teaching and learning facilities, conduct of advanced research
that is locally relevant and globally competitive (including but not limited to issues of food
security, lagging economic development, climate change, reduction of carbon emission, natural
resources degradation, insecurity), payment of decent wages to the knowledge workers amidst the
continued exodus of the best and the brightest from the country, quality and relevance of the
Universities in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development might suffer.
A major feature of the Public Universities (Federal- and State-owned) which currently accounts
for about 95% of the total student enrollment is incessant strikes by members of the various staff
unions which has led to a cumulative loss of six years and three months in the last 32 years.
Funding has been implicated as the root cause of these strikes. In order to be competitive there
should be synergy between the Governments as university proprietors for a moratorium on these
disruptive strikes. Conscious efforts should be made to internationalise in terms of student
enrollment and the recruitment of academic staff.
Some of the States on the current list of ELDS, in particular Kwara and Kogi, have posted excellent
results and are now in the First Quartile justifying that they ought to be taken off the list. The same
applies to Nasarawa which is in the Second Quartile. On the other hand, Lagos and the Federal
Capital Territory are in the Fourth Quartile and if the ELDS is to be retained both should be
included in the list. The National Council on Education should take a closer look at this
recommendation with a view to implementing same.
To the extent that the absence of a Governing Council hampers the proper functioning of a
University and is an anathema to University Autonomy, it is our considered recommendation that
the National Assembly should as a matter of urgent national importance amend the Universities
(Miscellaneous Provisions) (Amendment) Act, 2003 in Section 2A as to provide that if the Council
of a Federal University is dissolved, a new Council shall be constituted not later than three months
Postproverbial irony in contemporary African cultural expressions
No full textIrony is one of the most common literary techniques applied to the study of world literature, right from Classical times to the present day. Having reflected on proverbial irony as a literary concept, this research argues for the need to construe and critique the phenomenon of postproverbial irony, being featured in contemporary African cultural expressions but yet to be critically engaged. This paper, therefore, attempts to examine the theoretical perception of postproverbial irony as a literary phenomenon, particularly in some African languages such as Yoruba, Shona, Luganda, Kiswahili, and Luo, with applicable tenets of transgression and subversions as postproverbial theoretical model. The aim is to justify the literary presence of postproverbials as a complex but highly advanced cultural expression in postcolonial African societies. Against the backdrop of a lopsided view of only conditioning postproverbials as sheer blasphemous verbal/speech acts, part of the objectives of this paper is to showcase the irrefutable literary strength and depth of postproverbials as a viable literary concept as well as underscore its potential as part of critical research point in contemporary African cultural space
Management of primary childhood glaucoma: evaluation of practice, practice gaps, and needs in a low‑resource country
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate the current practice, equipment availability, and training needs for managing childhood glaucoma in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire (Google Forms) was distributed through E-mails and social media platforms of pediatric ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists who practice in Nigeria and manage glaucoma in children aged 0–16years. Information concerning sociodemographic characteristics, type of practice, location of practice, years of practice, status, and preferred practices in the management of childhood glaucoma cataracts were obtained and analyzed with SPSS. Results: Thirty (23.3%) out of 129 eligible participants indicated they perform glaucoma surgeries in children. The majority (66.6%) had practiced as specialists for 10years or less, and 70% were pediatric ophthalmologists. A third of the respondents practiced in the country’s southwest region, with none in the Northeast region. The most common surgery performed for primary congenital glaucoma was combined trabeculotomy trabeculectomy, while trabeculectomy was the most common surgery performed for juvenile open-angle glaucoma. Two respondents reported performing glaucoma drainage device surgery and seven reported possessions of skills for goniotomy. All centers had trabeculectomy instrument sets, while three centers had facilities for endolaser cyclophotocoagulation, and only two centers had knives for goniotomy. Antimetabolites were routinely used for childhood glaucoma surgeries by 26(86.7%) respondents, and the most common antimetabolite used was mitomycin (21; 80.8%). Conclusion: There is a need for the development of in-country training programs and the exchange of skills through collaboration among those providing glaucoma services within Nigeria to improve the care of children with glaucoma
Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups
No full textDetachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N =56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally