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Patient medication counselling in community pharmacy: evaluation of the quality and content
Get PDFBackground: Patient medication counseling (PMC) is a pharmaceutical care service targeted at optimizing patient drug use, safety and improving treatment outcomes. This study assessed the content and quality of PMC from the community pharmacists’ (CPs) and pharmacy customers’ (PCs) perspectives.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-guided survey was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, among 125 CPs and 612 PCs. The 35-counselling items validated United States Pharmacopeia Medication Counseling Behavior Guideline
scale with 10-point graded responses (1 = poor to 10 = excellent) was used. Self-reported medication counseling information content provided by CPs and received by PCs was assessed and expressed in median and interquartile
ranges. The quality of PMC was evaluated and graded as poor (1–29.9%), unsatisfactory (30–59.9%), satisfactory (60–79.9%) and excellent (80–100%). Associations between demographic variables and overall quality of counseling were determined with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at p < 0.05.
Results: The response rate was 92.5% and 97.6% for PCs and CPs, respectively. The PCs’ opinions on the individual content of the PMC provided by the CPs were significantly different from the pharmacists’ self-report (p < 0.05). Some of the PMC content included how to take the medicine PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), information on possible
side effects PC = 6.00 (2.00) vs CP = 8.00 (2.00), taking history of allergies and other medications PC = 6.00 (6.00) vs CP = 7.00 (1.00), and how to incorporate drug regimen into daily routine PC = 5.00 (6.00) vs CP = 8.00 (3.00). The
quality of PMC purportedly provided by CPs and received by the PCs was satisfactory (75%) and unsatisfactory (55%), respectively. The quality of communication counseling offered by CPs trained in Nigeria (Mean rank = 62.49) was
higher than those trained outside Nigeria (Mean rank = 26.40), U = 228.00, p = 0.024. The PC’s age, marital status, and highest educational qualification were significantly associated with their opinion on the quality of counseling received.
Conclusions: Both the community pharmacists and pharmacy customers reported the provision of patient medication counseling on side effects, drug usage, medication history and allergies among others. However, the quality of
counseling provided by the pharmacists was satisfactory, but the quality of counseling received by the pharmacy customers was unsatisfactory. Pharmacists may need to engage pharmacy customers more during medication
counselin
The practice of federalism under the constitutions of Nigeria, United States of America and Australia
Get PDFThe concept of federalism is an unsettled phenomenon in political and legal disciplines; though many writers have common areas of agreement as to what the basic principles of federalism entail. This chapter is meant to consider the concept of federalism and some of its components with the aim of determining the true features of the concept. The chapter further considers the practice of federalism in the United States of America, Australia and Nigeria with the purpose of comparing these with the basic requirements of federalism. The chapter finds that though there is no perfect practice of federalism in the three countries but there is a real legal and Constitutional template for a true practice of federalism in the United States and Australia even though there are some areas of concession or compromise by the federating units and the courts giving extensive interpretation of the scope of powers of the central government under some omnibus provisions. In Nigeria, on the other hand, the Constitutional structure of power does not really reflect a true federal arrangement. However, the country continues to struggle for survival as a unit under this lopsided arrangement
Women’s representation and environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta: a critique of two Nigerian novels
No full textThis article examines the discourse of environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region with a focus on the representation of women and their roles in environmental renaissance and sustainability in the Niger Delta. Women have traditionally been portrayed as victims of environmental degradation in contemporary Nigerian fiction. The objective of this article is to deconstruct the perception of female victimology by investigating the roles women in environmental sustainability, ecological regeneration and the development of African societies, especially in the Niger Delta. This article therefore attempts to foreground firm resolutions of women characters in May Ifeoma Nwoye’s Oil cemetery and Vincent Egbuson’s Love my planet in relation to human and environmental regeneration. This study employs eco-feminism, an aspect of Eco-criticism, to critique issues of women and environmental sustainability arising in the Niger Delta environment, their awareness of and responses to the ecological damage in the region
Edaphic factors and soil organic carbon storage potentials under different land use types in omo biosphere reserves Nigeria
Get PDFThe regulatory functions of the soil are getting attention among scientists and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is an important indicator of soil health. A study was carried out to investigate the SOC storage potentials under different land use types (Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea, Acacia siamea, Pinus carrribea, and Natural forest) in Omo Biosphere Reserves Nigeria. The impact of the five important land use types on SOC and other soil properties were analyzed. Soil core samples were taken at two depths (0-10 and 10-30cm) to observe the changes in soil properties with depth. Laboratory analyses were carried out to determine the bulk density, soil pH, soil moisture, and soil organic carbon. The data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine the relationship between the soil parameters. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine if a relationship exists between soil depth and different land use on soil organic content and all other soil properties. The result showed that at both depths there is no significant difference between depths in pH, soil organic carbon, and soil moisture except for bulk density. Total Soil Organic Carbon stored in soil was highest in Teak plantation (3.1), followed by Acacia (2.17), and Natural forest (0.92), and at depth SOC was high in 0 10cm depth. The maximum value of bulk density (gcm3) was found high in 0-10cm at depth and was found high in Teak plantation (1.68) followed by Pinus plantation (1.67) and Acacia plantation (1.53). The distribution of moisture content showed no significant difference but the highest moisture was stored in Natural forest plantation (39.04), followed by Teak plantation (34) and Gmelina plantation (20), and the lowest in Pinus carribea plantation (10). Moisture content across depth showed that 0-10cm depth stored the highest but the 10-30cm depth () had the highest pH. Among the land use types, Teak plantation (5.84) had the highest pH, followed by Gmelina plantation (5.4) and Natural forest plantation (5.23). Results showed that SOC storage in soils can be influenced by different land use systems
Integrating information and communication technology in open and distance learning delivery at the distance learning centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textThe study investigated the integration of Information and Communication Technology Learning Applications (Learning Applications, Google Applications and Social Media Applications) on the learning effectiveness of learners at the Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan. The descriptive survey research design was adopted while the population comprised 100 - 500 level, - with a sample size of 150 students randomly selected from the faculties of Arts, Education and the Social Sciences. A 45- items questionnaire on Perceived Information and Communication Technology Learning Applications on Learning Effectiveness in Distance Education Inventory with reliability coefficient of 0.78 was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, simple percentages, analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean and standard deviation analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the ICT Learning Applications (Learning Applications, Google Applications and Social Media Applications) significantly influenced students' Learning Effectiveness (F (3, 145) = 122.669; R2 = 0.71), and jointly accounted for 71.2% of its variance. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the management of the Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan should improve on using these Information Communication Technologies by maximizing them to facilitate effectual output on learners' academic achievement
The Quest for Improved Learning Outcomes in Literature-in-English among Senior Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria: Teachers’ Instructional Organisation in Focus
Get PDFThis study examined the relationship between teachers' instructional organisation and academic achievement of senior secondary school students in Literature-in-English in Ibadan, Nigeria using the survey design of the correlational type as the research design. The participants were 20 Literature-in-English teachers and 436 students in intact classes from 20 senior secondary schools in Ibadan. Instruments used were Achievement Test in Literature-in-English (r=0.78) and Teachers Instructional Organisation Scale (r-0.81). Two research questions were answered using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05'level of significance. Findings revealed that teachers’ instructional organisation was poor ( x = 2.62) against the threshold of 3.0; and that instructional organisation correlated positively with students' achievement in Literature-in-English. Consequent on these findings, it is recommended that teachers should attend professional development programmes such as seminars and workshops to improve their instruction organisation skill for improved learning outcomes of student
Home environment as correlates of primary school pupils’ literacy skills development in Ibadan metropolis
No full textAbstract: One serious problem currently facing primary education in Nigeria is illiteracy. An alarmingly high percentage of primary school children are not learning to read, that is, they cannot use reading as a tool of learning, a problem which is also synonymous to writing. Researchers have also identified factors such as teachers’ quality, school factor and availability of reading materials, foreign language usage, as factors that could be responsible for such marred development of literacy skills in children. However, most studies on the influence of home language on children’s literacy skills were all foreign studies. In view of these, this study investigates home environment as correlate of literacy skills of primary pupils in Ibadan metropolis. The study adopted a correlational survey research design. Simple random sampling technique was used to select one and twenty (120) primary three pupils. Pupils reading assessment (0.92), Pupils’ Home-environment and literacy Questionnaire (0.70) as well as Writing assessment scale (0.91) were the instruments used in the study. Two research question were answered using inferential statistic of Pearson product movement correlation. The findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between home environment and reading skills of pupils. (r=0.30; p0.05). The study recommended that effort must be made on the part of the parents to ensure that their home environment is such that facilitates and stimulates the literacy skills of their childre
Comparative assessment of the changing pattern of land cover along the Southwestern coast of Nigeria using GIS and remote sensing techniques
No full textThe changing pattern of land cover is increasingly becoming of global concern in the sustainable management of environmental resources. Different facets of the natural ecosystem continue witnessing devastation orchestrated by rapid population growth and urban expansion in the face of climate change. This study examined the contribution of human’s to the global environmental change by assessing the dynamics of land cover between 1984 and 2017 while predicting the future extent of land cover pattern for 2047 at the Epe and Igbokoda areas on the coast of southwestern Nigeria. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM + ), and Operational Land Imager (OLI) imageries of 1984, 2002, and 2017 respectively were acquired from the USGS to analyse the land cover changes. Supervised classification was done using the maximum likelihood classifier of Terrset version 18.31. The Change Demand Modelling of Land Change Modeller (LCM) in Terrset integrates the Markov chain for future predictions for 2047. The Epe area which typifies a rapidly urbanizing coastal environment recorded an 84.6% increase in built-up area extent between 1984 and 2017, while the built-up area of the Igbokoda area increased by 103.8% for the same period. This increment corresponds to a decrease in the spatial extent of the forested wetlands with an increase in water bodies. Expansion of water body extents indicates the interaction between the elements of climate change such as incessant flooding and anthropogenic activities like deforestation, urban expansion through sand mining and dredging. Future prediction into 2047 connotes further worsening of the situation. Therefore, solution-based sustainable coastal management practices are recommended to salvage the impoverishing coastal ecosystems from further impairment
Home support variables affecting the well-being of children with cerebral palsv in selected children’s homes in Oyo state, Nigeria
No full textThe study investigated how some home support variables (home companionship support. home financial support and home physical exercise) affect the vvell-being of children with cerebral palsy in selected children's homes in Oyo State. Nigeria. The descriptive survey research designs of correlational and ex-post-facto types were employed for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 153 participants for the study. They comprised 61 male and 92 female children with cerebral palsy whose ages range from 5 to 20 years and above. Four hypotheses were tested in the study at a 0.05 level of significance, using Multiple regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation.
There was a significant relationship between each of the home support variables and well-being of children with cerebral palsy in selected children's homes in Oyo State as follow: home companionship support and well-being (r = .575, N 153, p< .05), home financial support and well- being (r = .672, N = 153, p< .05) and home physical exercise and well-being (r= .359, N = 153, p< .05). There was a joint significant effect of home support variables (home companionship support, home financial support and home physical exercise) on the well-being of children with cerebral palsy in selected children's homes in Oyo State (R = .673, R: = .452, Adjusted R2 = .441. Standard error of estimate = 6.870. F(3/l 49) = 41.021, P<.05). The study also revealed significant relative effects of each of the home support variables on well-being of children with cerebral palsy in selected children's homes in Oyo State as follow: home financial support (P= 0.432. t = 9.825. p<.05), home companionship support (P = 0.140. t = 5.439. p<.05. and home physical exercise (P = 0.168, t = 4.352, p<.05).
Based on the above findings some useful recommendations were made in the study which would go a long way in helping parents, homes, schools and other caregivers meet the needs of children with cerebral palsy and other children alike
Wildlife species diversity in oli complex of Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
No full textThe survey of wildlife species diversity is important for management and decision making in Wildlife rks in order to achieve effective conservation. Up-to-date information on the diverse fauna species in Kainji Lake National Park is scarce. Therefore, wild animal species diversity in the National Park was assessed. The line transect and total enumeration count methods were used in the study. Oli Complex was stratified into five line transects laid at 5 km intervals and then a census of wild animals was taken following standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Fiftynine taxa were identified with 4,665 individuals enumerated. A total of 24 Mammalia, 24 Avifauna, 8 Reptilia, 1 Amphibia, and 2 Mollusca species were identified. Buffon's kob (Kobus kob kob) was the most abundant (2,019), followed by the Olive baboon (Papio anubis) (963), helmeted Guinea fowl (Numidea melagris) (189), and Red Flanked (RF) duiker (Cephalophus rufilatus) (118). Dominance was low (0.2) with high diversity index (0.8), and low evenness (0.2); that was moderately spread but not equally (0.6) distributed within the study area. Buffon's kob had the highest relative importance index (24.13%), while Guinea fowl had the least (3.27%). Buffon's kob had the highest density (40.38/ km2), followed by Olive baboon (19.26/km2), Guinea fowl (3.78/km2), Roan antelope (3.32/ km2), and Red Flanked duiker (2.36/ km2). Oli Complex of Kainji Lake National Park had a high wildlife diversity and supported a wide range of animal species