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Shift duty and cognitive alertness
Get PDFNight shift, a typical shift work common to 24-hour production companies is identified with a number of after-effects on health of workers, ranging from physical to psychological. Lack of solutions to these effects could result in cognitive deficiencies for workers and increased downtime for organisations. Therefore, to overcome the problems associated with shift work, especially night shift, there is the need to understudy the cognitive alertness of workers, in relation to shift duty. This chapter discusses the meaning, history, and forms of shift work, compares and classifies shift work types, highlights the merits and demerits of shift work, dwells on cognitive effects, cognition and cognitive ability, as well as factors affecting cognition and methods of testing cognitive ability. It also covers the Wechsler's classification of intelligence, circadian rhythm, night shift and cognition, together with suggested solutions. Lastly, it finally draws conclusions from the areas covered
Antimicrobial evaluation of microencapsulated ciprofloxacin+Irvinga gabonensis gum against klebsiella SPECIES FROM PATients in a teaching hospital in Benin
Get PDFKlebsiella species causes nosocomial infections and other diseases. The use of Ciprofloxacin formulations has been adopted for skin and systemic infections, hence Irvingia gabonensis a specie of African trees in the genus Irvingia, was used for the microencapsulation of ciprofloxacin and used against sequenced disease causing Klebsiella species. Adopting the non-solvent addition of microencapsulation, drug-excipient compatibility test, batches of encapsulated ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis, gelatin gum with the pure active ciprofloxacin were prepared from formula X. The FT-IR absorbance at different wavelength was recorded. The resultant microncapsulated drugs were screened for antimicrobial activity using the single disc agar diffusion against K. quasipneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae isolates. There were no difference in wavelength of FT-IR spectra of Irvinga gabonensis, pure active ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin blend+Irvinga gabonensis gum. The pure active ciprofloxacin was very effective at the concentration of 8.3µg/mL(IC5o:1.02µg/ml) and 4.15(IC5o:0.08µg/ml) against all the Klebsiella species. The ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis at 7.12 µg/mL (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) had significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pure active ciprofloxacin drug alone (IC5o:0.80µg/mL) at a concentration of 4.12µg/ml active ciprofloxacin. Based on the 95% mean inhibition concentration, ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis gum (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) is a better excipient than ciprofloxacin + Gelatin gum (IC5o:1.38µg/mL). Ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonensis gum exerts effective antimicrobial activities and compatibility in terms of effective drug release
Boosting students' achievement in economics in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State: the role of teachers' job satisfaction
Get PDFThis study examined the influence of teachers 'job satisfaction on students' achievement in Economics in Ibadan, Oyo state. The design adopted was the survey research design. The population of this study comprised all Economics teachers and all senior secondary two (SSII) students offering Economics in Ibadan, Oyo state. The sample for the study consisted of 30teachers and 600 students from the selected senior secondary schools. Two instruments used for data collection were Teachers' job satisfaction questionnaire (r=) and Economics Achievement Test (r=). Inferential statistics was used to analyse data for the study with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23 (SPSS). Data were analysed using. Findings revealed that teachers' job satisfaction (working conditions, recognition, and compensation) had a significant positive significant contribution (R2 = 267, F(2.27) = 9.01) to students' achievement in Economics in Ibadan, Oyo state. The results also indicated that working conditions (β = 0.85), recognition (β = 0.12), and compensation (β = 0.10) relatively contributed to students' achievement in Economics. Based on the findings, it was concluded that all three dimensions of teachers' job satisfaction considered in this study are factors that influenced students' achievement in Economics in senior secondary school in Ibadan, Oyo state. The study, therefore, recommended that for improved performance of students in Economics, efforts should be made by stakeholders to improve on teachers' job satisfaction
A Thesis in the Department of Religious Studies, Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
No full textPolicy development, an iterative process designed to help organisations advance policies to make them run efficiently in the realisation of their corporate objectives, is pivotal for organisational success, including the Methodist Church Nigeria (MCN). Existing studies on MCN have focused largely on historical development, renewal movements and doctrinal exegesis, with scant attention paid to its policy development. This study was, therefore, designed to examine policy development in MCN, which was orchestrated by the constitutional reforms from 1962, when the Church was granted autonomy from the British Methodist, to 2020, when the MCN held Constitutional Conference and reviewed the MCN Constitution, 2006. This was with a view to identifying the trends in policy development, its attendant benefits and challenges to the church.
Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory was adopted as the framework, while the descriptive design was used. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 31 members of the clergy and 33 members of the laity based on their experience on policy issues in MCN. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 episcopates, seven presbyters, eight priests, two deacons, one deaconess, four evangelists, four lay presidents, 10 stewards, seven fellowship presidents and seven former lay officers because they were involved as policymakers and implementers in the Conference area. Church records and the MCN Constitutions, 1962, 1976, 1990 and 2006, were consulted. The data were thematically analysed. The policy developments in MCN was a reflection of the changing dynamics in administering the church. The Deed of Foundation, 1962, granted the Church autonomy, while the MCN Constitution, 1976, addressed ecumenical matters with the introduction of Episcopacy and the adoption of titles, such as Patriarch, Archbishops and Bishops. The MCN Constitution, 1990, focused on reconciliation and reunification of the church after 14 years of internal crises. The MCN Constitution, 2006, which was in use until 2020 repositioned the church for effective ministry. The benefits derived from the policies include the introduction of new methods, such as the reordering of the ministry, charismatic worship and numerical growth from two districts at autonomy to 80 dioceses in 2020. The policies equally enhanced the national impact of the church in the education and health sectors, while it achieved global relevance in international outreach mission to Gabon, Togo, Dubai, United Kingdom and United States of America. Moreover, MCN’s leadership role in World Methodist Council was firmly established. However, there was the erosion of Methodist heritage and traditions, like simple hierarchies of priesthood and unelaborate liturgy as a result of the policy. There were also the Presidential and Patriarchal conflict from 1976 to 1990; partial implementation of the policies and financial burdens were evident in the irregular payment of Church workers’ salaries. Social change underpinned policies for autonomy, episcopacy and repositioning in Methodist Church Nigeria, from 1962 to 2020, with attendant benefits and challenges.
Immunization of children in Africa: strides and challenges
No full textBackground: The African continent is behind by a wide margin in the childhood vaccination race which contributes significantly to the high childhood morbidity and mortality rate from vaccine-preventable diseases in the continent. Some African countries are still struggling to achieve routine immunization coverage for all recommended expanded program on immunization vaccines. Aim: In this study, we aimed to identify the barriers hindering childhood immunization in Africa and to identify the remarkable progress made so far. Materials and Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published in English that focused on the barriers to childhood immunization in Africa and the progress made so far was reviewed. This was achieved by searching relevant search terms in PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, and CINAHL databases dating back from January 2000 to June 2022. Result: A total of 30 papers were reviewed. The barriers include parents’ education status, economic status, and gender/age; place of birth and place of residence; cultural beliefs and religious affiliations; fear of contracting diseases and lack of trust in health public institutions; vaccine awareness and delivery; and dose-specific delays. The achievements include international support and oriented actions, plans for technological integration and its implementation, and domestic immunization-oriented actions and research work. Conclusion: Childhood immunization is still low in Africa with the majority of the countries yet to realize the global immunization targets. Technologies and immunization-related interventions have been implemented to support Africa but more concerted effort and aid are required to reduce vaccine-preventable deaths to the bare minimum
Investigating learning skills and use of digital resources by undergraduates in Nigerian universities: a content analysis approach
No full textThis abstract will discuss the learning skills required for the effective use of digital information materials by undergraduate students. In the digital age, students must have the necessary skills to navigate and retrieve information from a wide range of online resources. The purpose of this research is to identify the specific skills that undergraduate students need to develop to effectively utilize digital information materials. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, including a survey and focus group discussions. The sample consisted of 200 undergraduate students from different disciplines. The findings indicate that students need a range of skills, including information literacy skills, critical thinking skills, technical skills, and digital communication skills. Information literacy skills are crucial for students to be able to locate and evaluate the relevance and credibility of information sources. Critical thinking skills are necessary to analyse and synthesize information from different sources and apply it to specific contexts. Technical skills are essential for students to be able to use the available digital tools and resources effectively. Finally, digital communication skills are necessary for students to communicate their research findings effectively. Based on the findings, it is recommended that institutions of higher learning should develop programs that focus on the development of these skills. These programs should be integrated into the curriculum to ensure that all students have the necessary skills to navigate the digital landscape effectively. Additionally, librarians and academic staff should collaborate to provide support for students in the use of digital information materials. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of developing the necessary learning skills for the effective use of digital information materials by undergraduate students. With the increasing availability and complexity of digital resources, students must develop the necessary skills to succeed in their academic and professional pursuits
Peri-urban agricultural expansion and forest loss in lapite, Ibadan, its implication for floristic composition and species invasion
Get PDFPeri-urban agriculture in developing countries is in increasing demand for food as a result of increasing population. It offers an alternative land-use for income generation to ameliorate urban poverty and contributing to global food security. Peri-urban agriculture however causes forest loss, degradation, and species invasion. This study investigated the extent of forest loss, species composition, and importance of invasive species in peri-urban agriculture at Moniya, Akinyele local government area, Ibadan, Oyo State in the wet season of 2019. The study site was located at Lapite, Moniya, Ibadan on N 07° 34.253, E 003° 54.633; 235 m above sea level. Ten farmlands (sizes: 1120 m2 and 3750 m2) were evaluated within 70.4 hectares. Systematic sampling for herbaceous and woody flora was conducted using plot sizes of 10 × 10 m and one square meter quadrats, respectively. Land-use cover change from 1998-2018 was assessed with Arc GIS 10 on USGS Landsat imageries. Enumerated floristic data were analyzed for species composition, relative important value (RIV), and invasive species were noted. One hundred and thirty-two (132) herbaceous species in 38 families were enumerated with RIV ranging from 0.02% - 13.9%. Talinum fruticosum had the highest RIV (13.58%). Twenty woody species in 13 families were enumerated with RIV of 1.33% to 23.2%. Elias guineensis had the highest RIV. Five invasive species were identified. Leucaena leucocephala had the highest occurrence among invasive woody species (RIV=13.38). Alternanthera sessilis was the most (RIV= 2.5%) occurring invasive species. GIS analysis indicated bare/deforested areas increased from 8.33% in 1998 to 46.23% in 2018. Loss of cover and species invasion was attributed to the expansion of agricultural areas and might increase the impact of climate change in the area. Peri-urban agricultural activities in Moniya should be regulated to prevent the further incursion of invasive species and forest loss with associated benefits
A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Get PDFSchools’ Food Service Establishments (FSEs) have been incriminated in numerous foodborne diseases outbreaks globally and have been linked to the environment and food handling procedures in the establishments. Despite this, FSEs in Nigerian boarding schools have been poorly investigated. In order to provide baseline data for infection control, this study was designed to assess environmental hygiene and food handlers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) and investigate food-related microbial contamination from selected boarding schools’ FSEs in Ibadan, Nigeria.Observational checklist and interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to evaluate environmental hygiene parameters, food handlers’ KAP in four schools’ FSEs out of forty-three schools by inclusion criteria and balloting. Swabs from Food Contact Surfaces (FCS): utensils and surfaces; 20 food handlers’ hands and samples of Ready to-Eat (RTE) foods were examined for Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Total Coliform (TC), Faecal Coliform (FC) and selected important foodborne pathogens counts using standard methods. Isolated bacteria were characterised phenotypically and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined using disc diffusion and E-strip techniques based on CLSI and EUCAST standards, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Schools FSEs’ compliance mean scores for environmental hygiene parameters were 82.2, 56.8, 52.7 and 65.6% for toilets, dining areas, kitchens and observed food handlers at work, respectively. The food handlers had good knowledge (61.9%), positive attitude (81.4%) to ensure food safety, but poor hygiene practices (52.6%) which differed significantly among schools (p=0.012, χ2=10.15). Major unsanitary practices observed were: use of basins and buckets for dish washing, uncovered solid waste receptacles, non-availability of sanitising agents and inadequate handwashing. Mean logCFU/cm2 of APC for counter tops, chopping boards, grinders, trays and knives were 5.59±1.56, 4.38±2.62, 4.01±0.77, 2.47±2.23 and 2.38±1.75, respectively. Food handlers’ hands’ mean logCFU/cm2 of APC, TC, FC, Staphylococcus and Bacillus species were 3.10±1.78, 2.62±1.23, 2.80±1.74, 1.94±1.04 and 1.97±1.39, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of RTE foods conformed to acceptable limit of 256 µg/mL which was highly significant (F=9.194, p<0.05) compared to other antibiotics. Two Bacillus cereuswere resistant to imipenem, 81.0% were multi-antibiotic resistant, while none of the identified bacteria showed resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam.Food contact surfaces and food handlers’ hands were grossly contaminated. The presence of colistin-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis and resistance of Bacillus cereus to imipenem in boarding schools’ food service establishments is a serious public health concern. These findings will be useful in policy formulation and the development of food safety guidelines in boarding schools
Evaluation of physicians’ knowledge of deprescribing, deprescribing tools and assessment of factors afecting deprescribing process
No full textBackground Polypharmacy is a common global health concern in the older population. Deprescribing has been acknowledged as an important aspect of medication use review that helps to reduce polypharmacy, inappropriate medication uses and medication adverse events, thus ensuring medication optimization and improving healthrelated quality of life. As physicians are primarily responsible for prescribing and monitoring of drug therapy, their perception of deprescribing and knowledge of available deprescribing tools is highly important. This study aimed to explore physicians’ knowledge of deprescribing, deprescribing tools and factors that may afect the deprescribing process. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among 70 physicians in selected units of a teaching hospital in Nigeria between May and June 2022. Social-demographic information, knowledge of deprescribing and depre scribing tools were obtained using a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire, while barriers and enablers of medication deprescribing were assessed with modifed Revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) Questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS and α was set at p= 0.012), while knowledge of deprescribing tools was signif cantly associated with; awareness of the term “deprescribing” (p= 0.029), and daily encounters with older multimorbid patients (p=0.031). Very important factor afecting physicians deprescribing decisions include beneft of the medica tion. The most common barrier is lack of information for a full clinical picture of the patient. Conclusion The physicians had good knowledge of the term “deprescribing” and the steps to deprescribing. Specifc measures to target the barriers faced by the physicians in deprescribing medications and policies to implement physi cians use of existing guidelines to facilitate their deprescribing decisions are essential
Reflections on the Impact of Urban Sprawl on the Architecture of the City: Lessons from Benin City, Nigeria
No full textThis paper focuses on Benin City, Nigeria, as a case study to explore urban sprawl and its associated problems resulting from unplanned and uncontrolled spatial expansion. Informal settlements house approximately 45% of Nigeria's urban population, leading to land and environmental challenges. The study aims to investigate how sustainable development goals can be realized through efficient, sustainable planning and urban design concepts, focusing on managing urban sprawl in the city. The methodology comprises a literature review, a field investigation of unplanned or squatter settlements in a selected part of Benin City through the administration of 201 questionnaires, and an analysis of its developments and physical transformations. Understanding the issues of urban sprawl arising from the rapid spatial expansion of Benin City is crucial for achieving a well-organized, planned, orderly, and sustainable environment. This paper provides valuable insights and information to facilitate effective urban planning in the study area. Additionally, it offers guidance to practitioners and developers on adopting sustainability measures in their projects. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge horizon and serve as a reference for further research on spatial expansion and the incidence of sprawl in urban centers throughout Nigeria