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Review Article: Importance of TQM And Business Excellence Models With Continuous Improvement Implementation of Initiatives And Sustainable Business Results in the UAE Organization
Get PDFPurpose: This review article is to investigates the models of business excellence along with Total Quality Management (TQM) in healthcare specifically. It also illustrates how these models contribute to maintaining sustainability. Generally, total quality management provides a respected environment for patients, staff, and procedures. Moreover, EFQM and MBNQA are promoting the full frameworks in terms of satisfaction, strategies, and resources. While Sigma and lean methodology are crucial for the improvement and reduction of waste. Furthermore, a continuous improvement approach is used to improve both processes and services in the organization.
Methodology: A comprehensive search by use of secondary data collection “Google Scholar”, search terms include “TQM”, “Continuous Improvement”, “Business Excellence”, and “Sustainability”. Most of the results have been filtered within studies published between 2020 and 2024, our references are matches with cited articles. In this review article, Medcare Medical Group has been chosen as a leading healthcare in the UAE providing health service at a high-quality level. TQM and business excellence models were involved in Medcare Medical Group to foster efficiency.
Findings: The review article has mentioned the importance of TQM and business excellence in healthcare particularly, the reflection of these models towards patient focus and the implemented strategies to maintain with changes.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: A feedback collection provides future guidance for patient and employee engagement and introduces AI in healthcare strategies to target ethical issues
Knowledge, Practices and Attitude of Pregnant Women on Prevention and Transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B and C With Respect to Educational Level among Pregnant Women Visiting Health Centers at the Mifi Health District in Cameroon
Get PDFPurpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) , hepatitis C virus are causes of significant morbidity and mortality across the World .HIV and HBV&HCV are blood-borne viruses transmitted usually through sexual contact and use of unsterilized needles. Their similar means of transmission increases the risk of contracting both infections concurrently. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge, practices and attitude of pregnant women on prevention and transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and C with respect to educational level at the Mifi health district.
Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study involving pregnant women who visited different health centers with the Mifi health district between the month of January to june 2023. Sampling was done by convenience Data was analysed using version 20.0. and the data was presented in tables and bar graphs, meanwhile the pearson chi square test was used to compare variables under investigation at a confidence interval of 95%, providing a 5% error margin. Descriptive values were expressed as the frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Findings: Out of the 467 participants, 80.73% were within the poor knowledge range whereas 12.63% showed good knowledge (while 6.63 recorded excellent knowledge scores. 44.96% were within the poor practice range while 55.03% showed good practice. majority showed poor attitude toward transmission and prevention of HIV, HBV and HCV as only 18(3.85%) were willing to meet the doctor if they were diagnosed of any of the above mention infections meaning 449 (96.14%) will embrace fear and sadness. Majority of pregnant women in this study had good knowledge regarding prevention and transmission of HIV,HBV and. Irrespective of the knowledge, practices and attitude of the participants were generally poor at the Mifi health district in Cameroon.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This research have come to set standard in health facilities in the mifi health district by proving beyond doubt that pregnant women are co infected with both HIV,HBV, and HCV and giving the poor attitude and practices among women that fuel the transmissions of these infections, we stand to advocate that all women presenting for ANC, should be compulsorily tested for HIV,HBV and HCV and equally much education on the transmission mode of these infections by the nurses should be implemented. This study have saved as an eye opener to policy makers to impost the testing of HIV, HBV and HCV during every first ANC visit and possibly two weeks before delivery
Institutional Racism within the National Health Service (NHS): Ethnic Minority Populations as the Main Target
Get PDFPurpose: The aim of the study was to examine Institutional Racism within the National Health Service (NHS): Ethnic Minority Populations as the Main Target.
Methodology: The study employed a mixed-methods approach. The study focuses on ethnic minority healthcare professionals, particularly migrants from African countries with colonial ties to the UK, such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Ethnic minority patients from these same African nations, who have accessed healthcare services within the NHS, are also a key focus. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 healthcare workers and 20 patients from ethnic minority backgrounds. A survey was distributed to 100 healthcare workers and patients from similar ethnic backgrounds. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis, Narrative Analysis and Cross-case Comparison. Qualitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: Interviews conducted with Cameroonian, Nigerian, Ghanaian, South African and Zimbabwean NHS employees reveal a pattern of discriminatory practices that hinder their professional development. Many respondents reported feeling marginalised, with limited opportunities for advancement compared to their white counterparts.Quantative data revealed that 55% of respondents reported feeling that their healthcare needs were not adequately addressed, 47% stated that they had experienced long waiting times compared to white patients and 40% reported that they had been misdiagnosed or received inappropriate treatment.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It expands the understanding of neo-colonialism by demonstrating its continuity through healthcare recruitment and treatment of ethnic minorities in the UK, highlighting a transnational connection between former colonial powers and less developed countries, The research advocates for the implementation of cultural competence training and unbiased recruitment processes to mitigate discrimination in the workplace and healthcare services. The research highlights the need for policy interventions targeting the promotion and advancement of ethnic minority workers within the NHS, suggesting reforms that promote equal opportunities for career growth
Influence of Clinician-Related Factors on Adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among Clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority Clinics in Mombasa, Kenya
Get PDFPurpose: The aim of the study was to assess influence of clinician-related factors on adherence to the American heart association guidelines for acute coronary syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving quantitative methods of data collection was adopted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The target population was 106 clinicians attending to patients who present with Acute Coronary Syndrome at the KPA clinics in Mombasa. A census method was used to determine the study participants. The sample size was made up of a hundred and six participants. The clinicians who consented to participate in the study were included while those who were on sick off, leave or who recently joined the clinic were excluded. Pretesting of the study tool was done at the Kenya Pipeline Clinic Mombasa. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented via tables.
Findings: The study results showed that at 95% level of confidence (Ï-value = 0.05%), there was a significant association between gender (á¾³=0.025), work experience (á¾³=0.016), job cadre (á¾³=0.014) and training received (á¾³=0.022) on adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The association was insignificant between age (á¾³=0.178), education level (á¾³=0.439) and specialization (á¾³=0.489) on adherence to the AHA guidelines.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the KPA management should increase the medical budget to ensure availability of adequate resources for ACS patient management. These resources include adequate staffing, medication, equipment, and staff training costs. The clinic management should ensure that medications such as aspirin, morphine and nitroglycerine are readily available and accessible at patients care points. The KPA clinic management to formulate a simple algorithm that outlines the steps to be taken when managing ACS patients. The study recommends that the clinics should assess their equipment reqularly for maintenance controls to ensure efficiency. The study further recommends random assessments and post care audits to assess the adherence to ACS guidelines among clinicians. Training associated with adherence to the AHA guidelines and as such, KPA should continue offering training and education on the latest AHA guidelines for ACS to ensure updated guidelines for practice
A Descriptive Study Risk Factors of Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation 1st April 2022 to 2nd April 2023
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study on recurrent lumbar disc herniation is to determine the causes, clinical findings, and incidence across different age groups above and below 60 years old, as well as gender. The aim is to evaluate the risk factors of recurrent disc herniation in the Afghani population.
Methodology: To identify predictors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH), a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on existing evidence. The study aimed to provide pooled estimates that may assist various healthcare professionals, including researchers, surgeons, policymakers, caregivers, and patients, in identifying high-risk populations, preventing RLDH, and further investigating the underlying mechanisms.
Findings: Risk factors for RLDH are under increasing investigation. Previous studies have examined various potential risk factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, herniation type, diabetes, and herniation level. However, results from these studies have not always been consistent. For instance, while Kim et al. identified being male as a risk factor for RLDH, other studies did not find significant correlations. Inconsistencies also exist regarding smoking as a risk factor. This study aims to provide more reliable conclusions on these risk factors through a systematic approach.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Understanding the risk factors associated with recurrent lumbar disc herniation is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on both individuals and society. By identifying and clarifying these risk factors, healthcare professionals can better tailor interventions, treatment plans, and preventive measures for individuals at high risk for RLDH. This study\u27s findings may contribute significantly to the development of strategies aimed at mitigating the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation in the Afghani population
Forecasting Accuracy through Machine Learning in Supply Chain Management
Get PDFPurpose: The use of machine learning (ML) techniques in economic and financial forecasting has gained significant attention due to their potential to improve the accuracy and robustness of predictions. This paper explores the application of various ML algorithms such as support vector machines, random forests, and deep learning models in forecasting economic variables, financial market trends, and macroeconomic indicators.
Methodology: We assess the forecasting accuracy of these models relative to traditional econometric approaches, including ARIMA and VAR models.
Findings: The analysis reveals that ML techniques, particularly deep learning, outperform classical methods in terms of predictive accuracy, especially in complex, nonlinear environments. We also discuss challenges associated with model interpretability, overfitting, and data quality, providing insights into how these limitations can be addressed.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how advanced machine learning can enhance forecasting methodologies, with implications for both theoretical modeling and practical applications in economic policy, risk management, and financial decision-making
Machine Learning in Sap for Inventory Optimization
Get PDFPurpose: The reason of the study is to bring machine learning algorithms into the environment of inventory management in SAP systems. It deals in minimizing stock holding costs, avoiding stock outs and improving customer satisfaction by working on inventory practice.
Methodology: Predictive analytics is then applied to forecast demand and make proactive inventory recommendations for the methodology. Other strategies are also explored around dynamic pricing, where inventory is turned leveraging real time data. Real time stock level assessments are proposed to be implemented with IoT sensors to avoid restocking before products are depleted.
Findings: The results show that there are opportunities to continuously improve inventory management based on modifications of machine learning algorithms in response to changes in the market environment. Sensors integrated with predictive analytics can help eliminate those stockouts, optimize stock levels, all resulting in enhanced operational efficiency.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Machine learning algorithms, dynamic pricing strategies, and IoT sensors are all to be integrated into SAP systems gives the study. The purpose of these technologies is suggested to improve the inventory management efficacy, lower costs and achieve the optimum stock levels to satisfy demand fluctuations. These systems should be continuously refined to keep pace with changing market conditions
Effect of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on Performance of Construction Projects in Gasabo District- Rwanda
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of monitoring and evaluation practices on performance of construction project in Gasabo district, Rwanda. The specific objectives of this study were to examine the effect of M&E planning, M&E Staff skills management and M&E ICT management on performance of construction projects in Gasabo district, Rwanda.
Methodology: A descriptive research design was used. Two hundred sixty-three respondents randomly sampled from district, sectors and cells staff and the general local population who are involved in project planning of the construction projects at Gasabo district was interviewed. The data was collected using administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 16. The study chosen to use qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the topic and thus used multiple regression analysis such as ANOVA, Pearson correlation and descriptive analysis to estimate the strength relationship between the independent variables to the dependent variables.
Findings: The result of the study showed that majority of the respondents were in agreement to the fact that the performance of construction project of Gasabo district was influenced by Monitoring and Evaluation practices. The findings indicate that M&E planning had a positive and significant effect on project performance with (β1=0.170, CI 0.010, 0.350, t=2.080, P<.001). Monitoring and Evaluation Staff skills management with β2=-.016, CI -.160, 0.131, t=-.196, P>.001), has no significant effect on project performance of construction project of Gasabo district. Finally, M&E ICT management performance had a positive and significant effect on construction project performance with (β3= 0.450, CI 0.393, 0.690, t=7.190, P<.001).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The researcher recommends that monitoring and evaluation should be a priority in the projects for its relevancy; and all bodies dealing with construction projects should make arrangements for monitoring and evaluation practices due to make monitoring and evaluation operations successful
Effects of M & E Planning Process on Performance of County Government Funded Water Projects in Kisii County, Kenya
Get PDFPurpose: Project Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is a critical component of the project management phase, which if not properly handled, may lead to project failure. Currently, Kenya faces transitional challenges from a centralized state to devolved governance system. This has prefigured both challenges and opportunities. The decentralized form of governance has exerted pressure on especially the performance of government water departments in funded water projects in counties. Despite this need most county governments initiate water projects without putting into consideration the importance of having effective M&E frameworks. One aspect that has not been given much consideration is effective implementation of M&E systems as advised by M & E experts. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of M & E Planning process on performance of county government funded water projects in Kisii County
Methodology: The study will adopt a descriptive survey design. The study target population includes 201 county water staff managing 90 water projects across the county. The census method was used to research the 201 staff involved in water projects. The primary data was collected by use of questionnaires and Key Informant interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, and the results were presented by tables and figures. Whereas, qualitative data was done through narrative analysis and presented in form of verbatim and narrations.
Findings: M&E planning enables the construction of a logical framework that acts as a roadmap guiding the project\u27s progress and allowing the stakeholders to understand the relationships between different project elements. The positive effect of M&E planning on project implementation affirms the pivotal role of this planning process in guiding and optimizing the execution of water-funded projects in Kisii County.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study was anchored in the program theory. Project managers and policymakers should emphasize the importance of these planning components, recognizing them as integral drivers of project success. Furthermore, capacity-building initiatives focusing on these planning aspects can further enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of M&E planning practices
Capital Allowance and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms
Get PDFPurpose: The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of capital allowance on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nyeri County
Methodology: A descriptive research design was adopted. In this study, the population comprised all the 15 manufacturing firms in Nyeri County that are registered by the Nyeri County finance department; licensing office 2023. The study used census methods to acquire information from finance managers, tax managers, and senior managers of the targeted manufacturing firms. To gather primary data, questionnaires with Likert scales were used. The study collected secondary data from the manufacturing firms\u27 internal sources for six years. The researcher utilized descriptive statistics, including measures like the mean, standard deviation, and frequency, to analyse the data. Additionally, the study employed Pearson correlation and regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the variables and ascertain whether the independent variables could predict the dependent variable in the study. The program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs.
Findings: The study findings established that there exists a significant relationship between capital allowance and the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nyeri County. Capital Allowance emerged as a crucial predictor of financial performance (Beta = 0.766. Participants expressed a positive perception regarding the influence of capital allowances on their respective firms\u27 financial performance, with strong agreement on investment deductions, wear and tear allowance, capital allowance incentives, and overall satisfaction with the current level of capital allowances.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study was anchored on tax discrimination theory to show the effect of capital allowance on the financial performance of manufacturing sectors. The study recommended that there is a need to maintain and even improve capital allowance laws to meet taxpayers\u27 demands and expectations and encourage investment.