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A Study of the Jordanian and Iraqi Positions on Arab Unity Projects: "Greater Syria Project 1939 and Fertile Crescent Project 1942 as Case Studies"
Get PDFPurpose: This study examines the Jordanian and Iraqi positions on two significant Arab unity projects: the Greater Syria Project of 1939, proposed by Prince Abdullah bin Hussein, and the Fertile Crescent Project of 1942, introduced by Nuri al-Said, the Prime Minister of Iraq. The Hashemite initiative for unification, rooted in nationalist principles and lofty Arab ideals, was intended as a foundational stage for future Arab unity, without the pursuit of a monarchy or throne, as outlined by King Abdullah bin Hussein in his memoirs. Additionally, the study explores the Fertile Crescent Project, which aimed to establish unity among Iraq, Syria, eastern Jordan, Lebanon, and Palestine.
Methodology: The paper elucidates the Arab and international reactions that led to the rejection of both projects, focusing on the positions of various Arab and foreign countries.
Findings: On the Arab front, the projects faced substantial opposition from ruling leaderships, who prioritized personal interests over collective Arab welfare. Internationally, the projects were opposed to prevent the formation of a potent and cohesive Arab unity, thereby maintaining external control over the resources and wealth of the Arab states.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Arab leaders\u27 personal interests and the strategic ambitions of colonial powers like Britain, France, and the United States converged to prevent the establishment of a unified and potent Arab entity. These projects, although visionary in their pursuit of Arab unity, ultimately fell victim to the complex interplay of internal rivalries and external geopolitical interests that have long shaped the Middle Eastern political landscape
The Dichotomous Potency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Polarising Social-Ecological Value Creation
Get PDFPurpose: Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role in shaping social-ecological value, offering both opportunities and challenges in its application. Originating in the mid-20th century, AI has evolved significantly, finding widespread adoption across various sectors such as healthcare, finance, and environmental science. While AI holds promise in enhancing ecological monitoring, conservation efforts, and economic growth, it also presents risks such as job displacement, income inequality, and environmental degradation.
Methodology: To navigate these complexities, a holistic systematic review approach anchored on ecological modernisation theory is crucial, emphasising ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability principles.
Findings: Investment in education and workforce development is essential to equip individuals with the necessary skills for an AI-driven future. Collaboration between stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and civil society organisations, is paramount to address emerging challenges and promote responsible AI development and deployment.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: By embracing innovation while safeguarding human welfare and environmental integrity, society can harness the transformative potential of AI to create a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable future
Emerging Treatments of User-Generated Content in Local Film and Television Production in Kenya: Creative Implications and Industry Trends
Get PDFPurpose: This study examined how the treatment of User-Generated Content (UGC) influences local film and TV production in Kenya. It explored how creative, technical and collaborative approaches including narrative styles, production techniques, sources and production budgets shape the integration of UGC into the industry, potentially challenging traditional media norms.
Methodology: A descriptive mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from 384 respondents sampled proportionally from local film/TV producers and UGC creators on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok. Qualitative insights were obtained from 24 key informants representing industry stakeholders, including KFC, KFCB, KECOBO, DFS, and CA. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed.
Findings: UGC has decentralized content creation and disrupted traditional production and distribution models, influencing narrative styles, aesthetics and industry practices. While many respondents recognized the contribution of UGC to diverse narratives and accessibility, concerns persisted about its professional recognition and quality. Production techniques and resource allocation emerged as key determinants of the relevance of UGC.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study extends Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) by showing how UGC treatment strategies shape audience engagement, production quality and industry acceptance. It highlights the need for collaboration between traditional/legacy media and digital creators and calls for policy frameworks that balance quality benchmarks with creative freedom
Prevalence of Stroke and Its Associated Factors Among Patients Attending the Emergency Department at Butare University Teaching Hospital, Rwanda
Get PDFPurpose: Stroke is a major global public health concern, ranking as the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of adult disability. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Rwanda, bear a disproportionate burden, accounting for approximately 85% of global stroke incidence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stroke and its associated risk factors among patients presenting to the emergency department at Butare University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda.
Methodology: A retrospective, cross-sectional study design was employed. Medical records of patients admitted to the emergency department over a one-year period were reviewed. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 383 patient files, with data extracted using a structured checklist. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and means were used to summarize patient characteristics and prevalence of conditions. Inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were applied to examine associations between identified risk factors and clinical outcomes. The results were presented using tables, charts, and narrative summaries to enhance clarity and interpretation.
Findings: Of the 362 eligible patient records reviewed, 35 were confirmed stroke cases, yielding a prevalence of 9.7%. Stroke was more prevalent among patients aged 61 years and above (48.3%), and among females (54.1%). Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between stroke and increasing age (p = 0.001), as well as hypertension (p = 0.001). Hypertension was the most prominent comorbidity, present in 97.1% of stroke cases. Other factors, including gender and cardiac conditions, showed no statistically significant associations.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study was informed by the Health Belief Model (HBM), which posits that individuals are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors such as hypertension screening and management when they perceive a high risk of a serious condition like stroke and believe in the benefits of preventive action. The findings demonstrate a high burden of stroke in this setting, with age and hypertension identified as the primary associated factors. Based on these results, it is recommended that policymakers strengthen national strategies for non-communicable disease (NCD) control, particularly by integrating routine hypertension screening, awareness campaigns, and accessible treatment at all levels of healthcare. Targeted public health interventions can significantly reduce stroke-related morbidity and mortality in Rwanda
Influence of Celebrity Endorsement on Public Relations Campaigns in Canada
Get PDFPurpose: The study set out to influence of celebrity endorsement on public relations campaigns in Canada
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Studies indicate that Canadian audiences are more likely to trust brands associated with credible and relatable celebrities, especially in campaigns addressing social or environmental issues. Effective endorsements lead to improved brand perception, with authenticity and alignment between the celebrity\u27s image and the brand\u27s values being critical factors. However, the impact can be negative if the celebrity is involved in controversies, highlighting the need for careful selection.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Source credibility theory, match-up hypothesis & social learning theory may be used to anchor future studies on the PR professionals should carefully select celebrities whose personal values and public image align with the brand’s mission to ensure authenticity in the endorsement process. Policymakers in the advertising and public relations sectors should consider establishing ethical guidelines around celebrity endorsements, especially regarding transparency, authenticity, and accountability
Enhancing Rescue Operations in Dubai Police’s Transport and Rescue Department through IoT and AI Integration
Get PDFPurpose: This research proposes how all the space, the Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence technologies can be better used in the Transport and Rescue Department of the Dubai Police. With the rapid evolution in smart technologies, IoT and AI have much scope to refine rescue operations regarding time management, accuracy, resources, and overall processes. Since the requirements in rescue missions are often complex, including environmental change and the need for urgency, the role of IoT and AI is extremely important in decision-making and successful operation. This study investigates how to employ these technologies within Dubai Police\u27s existing rescue framework, which has gaps such as slow response or response delay and inefficient resource distribution. It aims to explore the potential benefits and challenges that the use of these technologies entails while drawing lessons from global best practices on emergency response more generally.
Methodology: Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, including interviews, surveys, observation, global case studies, and reviews of existing literature, the research will make recommendations on how these technologies can be effectively used to enhance the success of rescue missions. By fully embracing the concept of Dubai being a smart city, this research will not only upgrade the local emergency response systems, but it will also create a model for the other regions that want to convert to advanced technologies in rescue operations. At the heart of the research is a goal to reach more efficient, faster, and safer rescue operations that, in turn, ensure public safety in Dubai.
Findings: Research results show that the Dubai Police have already started using a variety of technology to ensure smart operations (e.g., SAS analytics and VR training), but IoT and AI integration are hampered by infrastructure, technology training gaps, and interagency coordination issues. Rescuers recognize that AI and IoT can be utilized to help in enhancing situational awareness and speeding the response, however, they also flag issues about cybersecurity and the system\u27s compatibility.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The implication of the research is two-fold. First, it gives specific, practical recommendations on what to do to enhance Dubai\u27s emergency response system. Second, it presents a scalable model for cities that are trying to equip themselves with smart, technology-driven rescue systems
Digitalization as a Strategic Move to Service Delivery in National Environment Management Authority, Nairobi, Kenya
Get PDFSince the adoption of digital reforms across public institutions, the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) continues to face persistent inefficiencies in environmental service provision. Departments such as Environmental Compliance, Legal Services, Corporate Strategy, and Internal Audit still report procedural delays, system unreliability, and weak responsiveness to public queries. The aim was to establish how the adoption of digital tools, accessibility of online platforms, responsiveness to public feedback, and reliability of systems influence efficiency, accountability, transparency, and citizen satisfaction at NEMA. The study examined the role of digitalization as a strategic reform for enhancing service delivery outcomes in environmental governance. The study employed a descriptive research design targeting staff of the NEMA based at the headquarters in Nairobi. Stratified random sampling was applied to select 76 respondents from a target population of 250 officers drawn from key departments directly involved in environmental service delivery. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and the instruments were reviewed for content validity and pretested to ensure clarity and reliability. Ethical clearance was obtained from Kenyatta University and authorization granted by NEMA headquarters. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically to reflect institutional perspectives on digital transformation. The findings collectively show that digitalization at NEMA is moderately implemented, with notable progress in employee training and information dissemination but persistent weaknesses in system reliability, responsiveness, and timeliness. Strengthening ICT infrastructure, decentralizing digital operations, and promoting user-centered design were identified as key measures necessary to enhance service quality, efficiency, and public trust.
Purpose: The study investigated the effect of digitalization on service delivery at the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) in Nairobi, Kenya. Specifically, it examined how the adoption of digital tools, capacity building, accessibility of online platforms, responsiveness to public queries, and reliability of systems shape the effectiveness, accountability, and citizen satisfaction in environmental service provision.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design targeting NEMA staff across key departments. A census approach was used, with 76 questionnaires distributed and all were returned, representing a 100% response rate. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and the reliability of instruments was confirmed (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed.
Findings: The findings showed that digitalization is moderately adopted at NEMA, with strengths in employee training and information dissemination but notable weaknesses in system reliability, timeliness, and responsiveness to public queries. Perceptions of service delivery were generally neutral, with gaps in professionalism, timeliness, and complaint resolution. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between digitalization and service delivery.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to technology adoption theory and digital governance literature by providing empirical evidence that digitalization directly enhances efficiency, accountability, and citizen engagement in public service delivery. Practically, it highlights the importance of user-centered digital platforms, continuous staff capacity building, and transparent e-governance systems. Policy-wise, it provides insights for strengthening ICT infrastructure, improving responsiveness, and institutionalizing monitoring and evaluation frameworks to ensure sustainable digital transformation in public agencies
Role of Ethical Leadership in Enhancing Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Evidence from the Japan
Get PDFPurpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the role of ethical leadership in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior: evidence from the Japan.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The study found that ethical leadership positively impacts organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Japan. Leaders who demonstrate integrity and fairness foster trust, encouraging employees to engage in behaviors that benefit the organization. Ethical leadership strengthens organizational culture and motivates employees to exceed job expectations, enhancing overall performance.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social exchange Theory (SET), transformational leadership theory & ethical leadership theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of ethical leadership in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior: evidence from the Japan. In practice, the study highlights the importance of integrating ethical leadership into organizational cultures to enhance OCB. Japanese companies should prioritize ethical leadership development programs aimed at fostering leadership behaviors such as honesty, transparency, and accountability. From a policy perspective, the study provides insights for policymakers in Japan to implement organizational and corporate governance policies that emphasize ethical leadership as a key driver of positive employee behavior. Policymakers should encourage regulations that incentivize ethical practices within corporate settings, thereby promoting a culture of responsibility and integrity
Risk Management and Patient Safety Strategies in Hospitals
Get PDFPurpose: This report highlights the importance of risk management system in hospitals as it is directly associated with the health of individuals. The current study identifies the common strategies of risk management globally as well as in the UAE.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature review identifies traditional strategies and methods being followed despite advanced technology taking place. This can raise challenges in achieving quality and effective risk management.
Findings: The findings indicate that it is highly important to transition to advanced methods such as automation and AI in risk management in hospitals to work on improvement in reducing errors and guaranteeing patients\u27 safety. This report also examines the importance of some traditional strategies including communication and involvement of staff to effectively manage risk.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study will guide hospitals in using a combination of traditional as well as advanced approaches to ensure patients\u27 safety and work on risk management
The Effect of Fraud Opportunity on Occupational Fraud among Insurance Companies in Kenya
Get PDFPurpose: Fraudulent activities in insurance has become common. To address this persistent vulnerability and fill the knowledge gap surrounding the structural and behavioral drivers of such fraud, this study critically examines the effect of fraud opportunity on occupational fraud in insurance companies in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted the explanatory research design. The target population comprised of the 58 insurance companies that are registered under the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA). The validity and reliability of the research instruments was tested before the actual data is collected. The validity and reliability of the research instruments was tested before the actual data is collected. The study adopted stratified random sampling procedure. The sample size for the study was 384 employees. The study collected primary data through Semi –structured questionnaires and interview guides. The data collected was then edited, coded and analyzed using the SPSS v27 statistical software. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to determine mean, standard deviation, frequency counts and percentages which was also be presented in output tables as results. Inferential statistics involved simple and linear regression and correlation analyses. The research findings were presented in tables and graphs.
Findings: The findings were both the correlation and regression results (r=0.739, R2=0.547; β=0.884, p<0.05) showed there is a statistically significant relation between fraud opportunity and occupational fraud.
Unique Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: The study recommended that insurance companies should review and reinforce internal control systems to close loopholes that create opportunities for fraud