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Occupational Hazard Identification and Project Sustainability of Production Line Installation by Bralirwa Company Rubavu, Rwanda
Get PDFPurpose: This study investigated the effect of occupational hazard identification on project sustainability of the production line installation by Bralirwa Company, Rubavu, Rwanda. The research aimed to bridge the empirical gap between hazard identification and sustainable project outcomes, offering insights for policymakers, project managers, and industry leaders striving for safer and more sustainable industrial development.
Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining descriptive and correlational designs, where purposive sampling was used to select relevant departments, followed by random sampling within departments to ensure proportional representation. Data were collected from 101 respondents out of a sample of 109, drawn from a target population of 150 employees, using structured questionnaires, interviews, and document reviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis.
Findings: The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between occupational hazard identification and project sustainability (mean = 4.81; F(1,99) = 49.99, p < .000), explaining 33.6% of the variance. The results indicate that effective hazard identification during project planning and implementation minimizes operational risks and unforeseen stoppages, enhancing economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It recommends digitizing hazard identification processes, investing in real-time monitoring technologies, and institutionalizing systematic hazard detection to promote sustainable industries
Macroeconomic Factors and Financial Stability of Commercial Banks in Rwanda
No full textPurpose: The general objective of this study is to assess the influence of macroeconomic factors on the financial stability of commercial banks in Rwanda. The study is grounded on theories such as the Interest Rates Theory, Inflation and Deflation Theory, the Liquidity Preference and the Financial Intermediation Theory.
Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed, focusing on nine commercial banks in Rwanda operating between 2015 and 2023. Explanatory research design was adopted.
Findings: Based on the panel regression analysis, it was established that interest rates, exchange rates and inflation had significant effect on financial stability of commercial banks in Rwanda.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the National Bank of Rwanda should adopt a gradual but properly calibrated interest rate policy that is required to solidify bank intermediation spreads, as well as the need to maintain cheap credit accessibility. In particular, regular reviews of the policy rate that are in synch with liquidity and risk perceptions in the banking sector should be embedded so that rate adjustments remain supportive of stability without unnecessarily hindering private sector lending
The Impact of Government Grants and Learners’ Enrollment in Public Secondary Schools in Busia County, Kenya
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of government grants on student enrollment in public secondary schools in Busia County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to identify the level of these grants and investigate their effect on enrollment rates. This objective was motivated by the ongoing challenges of low transition rates and high dropout rates, despite financial interventions such as the Free Day Secondary Education Program. The research aimed to determine whether the current government funding effectively addresses financial barriers and promotes equitable access to education in this resource-constrained region.
Methodology: The research employed a Descriptive Survey Design and a Mixed-Methods Approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The Sampling Technique involved Cluster Sampling of public secondary schools in Busia County, supplemented by simple random sampling. The Sample Size comprised of 35,821 participants, including 130 principals, 130 bursars, 290 class teachers, and 35,271 students. Data Collection was conducted through questionnaires and interviews. For Statistical Analysis, quantitative data were processed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22 and excel. Tables and Figures were also used to present the data. In contrast, qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed using Thematic Analysis to identify recurring themes and contextual insights.
Findings: The study found that government grants increased overall student enrollment in Busia County by 16% between 2019 and 2023, effectively reducing financial barriers. However, significant challenges persisted. Approximately 80% of schools still sent students home for unpaid ancillary fees, such as uniforms and exams. Boys were more affected (43.9%) than girls (24.4%), partly due to targeted bursaries for females. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 9% decline in enrolment in 2020. Delays in fund disbursement and hidden costs continued to limit the effectiveness of the grants, preventing equitable access and sustained retention for the most vulnerable students. The study recommends that the government expand subsidy coverage to include essential non-tuition costs such as uniforms, exam fees, and other hidden charges, while ensuring timely fund disbursement and strengthening gender-sensitive bursary programs to support vulnerable learners. It further urges community sensitization, establishment of emergency support programs, and targeted outreach to marginalized groups to sustain enrolment gains and address persistent equity gaps.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study was based on Human Capital Theory, which views education as a valuable investment. The research supports this theory by demonstrating a measurable connection between government grants (which serve as an investment) and increased enrolment (indicating the development of human capital). This confirms that financial interventions can lead to positive educational outcomes. For practitioners, such as school administrators, it is recommended to implement flexible payment plans and utilize community support networks to assist students in need. This approach will help ensure that enrolment increases are not hindered by additional costs or administrative inflexibility. For policymakers, the study recommends expanding grant coverage to include often-overlooked costs, such as uniforms and exam fees, while ensuring timely disbursement of funds. These actions are crucial for aligning policy intentions with on-the-ground realities, thereby promoting equitable access to education
Influence of the Tour Du Rwanda Cycling Competition on Rwanda’s Diplomatic Relations
No full textPurpose: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the Tour du Rwanda cycling competition on Rwanda’s diplomatic relations.
Methodology: The study used the descriptive and explanatory survey design in which the quantitative method was applied. The target population was 60 people including 25 FERWACY staff and 35 people of 5 clubs of 7 staff per each club. The census sampling method was used to determine the sample size where all target population was considered as sample size. This study had 60 respondents in its sample size. The data gathering tools that were employed are the questionnaire and interview guide. The study employed a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient to assess the study instruments\u27 reliability and validity. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 26.0 was applied for data analysis. To calculate the correlation between the variables, inferential statistics was used. In tables, the results were presented in form of frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Findings: The results on the influence of the Tour du Rwanda cycling competition on Rwanda’s diplomatic relations, the overall mean score was 4.212, which is in the range of strongly agree (5) to agree (4), indicating that the Tour du Rwanda cycling competition has a significant influence in Rwanda’s diplomatic relations. According to the statistical study, the connection between Tour du Rwanda cycling competition and Rwanda’s diplomatic relations was .954**. The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between Tour du Rwanda cycling competition and Rwanda\u27s diplomatic relations.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: This study provided valuable knowledge for role of Tour du Rwanda cycling competition on Rwanda diplomatic relations. The findings apply to countries, and to sports to advance their diplomatic relations. The study was timely, offering guidance on how cycling competition can be used to advance the diplomacy of countries. It also enriches academic knowledge and is of significance to students, scholars, and researchers in international relations and diplomacy.  
Cross-Cultural Strategic Management Practices in Global Supply Chains
Get PDFPurpose: The general objective of this study was to explore cross cultural strategic management practices in global supply chains.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to cross cultural strategic management practices. Preliminary empirical review revealed that cross-cultural strategic management practices were crucial for global supply chain effectiveness, enhancing communication, leadership, and decision-making. Companies that incorporated cultural intelligence experienced better cohesion and resilience, while those neglecting cultural factors faced inefficiencies. The study highlighted the need for standardized cultural frameworks, emphasizing culture as an underutilized strategic asset in global supply chain management.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory, Institutional Theory and Dynamic Capabilities theory may be used to anchor future studies on cross-cultural strategic management practices in global supply chains. The study recommended integrating cross-cultural competencies into strategic frameworks through leadership training, diverse teams, and adaptive technologies. It called for expanding strategic models to include cultural factors, promoting inclusive management structures, and advocating for policy support on cultural training
Determinants of University Program Choices among Students: A Case Study of Universities in Garowe, Puntland-Somalia
Get PDFPurpose: This study examines the determinants of university program choices among students in Garowe, Puntland-Somalia, using a mixed-methods approach. The objective is to analyze how students\u27 choices are influenced by institutional characteristics, family dynamics, socioeconomic backgrounds, and peer groups.
Methodology: A descriptive survey design was employed, incorporating quantitative data from structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs).
Findings: The study found that students’ perception of institutions and program offerings was not a significant factor in their decision-making. A majority of respondents (71%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that the reputation of their institution influenced their choice, while 72% did not consider program offerings as a determining factor. Family factors played a crucial role, with 66% of respondents reporting that parental education influenced their choice, 69% acknowledging the impact of family expectations, and 81% agreeing that financial support from parents affected their decision. Additionally, financial factors were significant, as 73% believed that program costs impacted their choice, 76% recognized the influence of their financial circumstances, and 70% stated that their financial situation directly shaped their decision.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study highlights the need for diverse educational opportunities to accommodate students\u27 interests and financial situations. It also recommends enhanced career guidance services to assist students in making informed decisions. Furthermore, the study suggests implementing financial support mechanisms to reduce economic barriers and ensure equitable access to higher education
The Role of E-Performance Appraisal Information System on Teacher Performance
Get PDFPurpose: The study examined the role of e-performance appraisal information system on teacher performance.
Methodology: The study depended on quantitative data based on formatted questionnaires. The target population for this study consisted of the teachers at all Catholic secondary schools within the Onitsha Archdiocese of Nigeria, totaling 36 schools. Descriptive research design was used in this study. This study employed a stratified random sampling technique to choose the participants. To guarantee the validity of the data collection tools, the pilot test was carried out using 11 respondents. Inferential analysis was used to ascertain whether there was a relationship between E-Performance Appraisal Information System and teacher performance.
Findings: The findings of the study were E-Performance Appraisal Information System (EPAIS) has a substantial correlation with the performance of teachers (r =.400, p < 0.05). There is a consensus regarding the positive influence of E-Performance Appraisal Information Systems on teacher performance.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: To enhance the performance of E-Performance Appraisal Information Systems, the study recommended inclusion of dynamic capabilities that make it possible for the system to evolve in accordance with organizational priorities as well as teachers\u27 needs
From Habermas’ Bourgeois Public Sphere to Gerbaudo’s Online Crowds: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Kenya’s #EngageThePresident on X Space
Get PDFPurpose: The main purpose of this paper is to examine the discourse of governance, bio-power and political accountability in Kenya. Applying the lens of Foucauldian discourse analysis, the study explores #EngageThePresident X Space. At this forum, President Ruto and Gen Z participants engaged in a discussion at the height of the 2024 anti-tax law protests in Kenya.
Methodology: Underpinned by public sphere theory, we first examine the construction of subjects\u27 positions and power relations within the discourse. Second, we analyse discourses surrounding governance, political accountability and bio-power in Kenya. Third, we explore how language, institutions, and cultural norms influence the production of knowledge, categorisation of individuals, and construction of contextual truths.
Findings: The study found that Gen Z emerged in the discourse as a fragmented subject, ranging from patriotic and emotionally volatile to naïve and tech-savvy citizens. President Ruto was constructed with multiple conflicting subject positions, demonstrating a dynamic nature of political fashioning in a legitimacy crisis. In addition, while the President tried to reassert control through a package of consultative governance, Gen Z’s fragmented discourse infused the state narrative with grief, rage, irony and resistance. Kenya’s #EngageThePresident represents a reconfiguration of the public sphere in the digital age, one where collective emotion, decentralised participation and real-time responsiveness redefine governance discourse.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to the practice of Foucauldian discourse analysis by examining the accelerated pace of digital narratives in digital media in the Global South. It highlights a broader democratic recalibration in which citizens are not passive recipients of state narratives but active co-authors of the nation’s political discourse and statecraft. The study recommends that entrenching platformised engagement between political leaders and subaltern citizens has the potential to catalyse political stability for the maturing nations in the Global South. Future research on the impact of Gen Z awakening on the political destiny of President Ruto is deemed necessary
Factors Contributing to Substance Abuse among Kaimosi Friends University Students, Vihiga Kenya
Get PDFPurpose: Substance abuse among university students is a global public health concern, largely due to their vulnerability during the transition to independence, with serious implications for personal growth and national development. The goal of the study was to investigate the contributing factors to substance abuse among students at Kaimosi Friends University (KAFU).
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used where a total of 350 undergraduate students were selected through stratified random sampling, and data were collected in May 2025 using a structured questionnaire adapted from NACADA. Analysis was conducted thematically and using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained from MMUST, and confidentiality and informed consent were upheld.
Findings: The study revealed that social media was the main source of information on substance abuse. A significant portion of students (65%) frequently experienced stress or anxiety, with 50% using substances as a coping mechanism. Academic pressure, perceived unfair grading, and personal issues were major stressors. Peer influence was notable, with 55% having friends who used drugs and 45.1% reporting peer encouragement to try substances, although some emphasized personal choice. Easy access to substances (60%) and media glorification of drug use (50%) were also reported. Family influences played a role, with 55.1% citing substance use by fathers or brothers and others noting emotional neglect and family challenges. The study concluded that substance abuse at KAFU is driven by a complex set of interconnected factors.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It recommends strengthening mental health services, promoting peer education, advocating for family engagement, controlling substance availability, and creating a supportive academic environment to mitigate the issue
Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Time and Other Utterances in Cameroon: A Linguistic Perspective
Get PDFPurpose: This study explores the conceptualization and contextualization of time in Cameroon from a linguistic perspective, emphasizing how localized meanings of words and expressions shape cognitive and social dynamics.
Methodology: Anchored in the pragmatic framework which examines the relationship between linguistic signs, their users, and speaker intent, this research focuses on the role of context, place, and time in the production and interpretation of time-related utterances. Data was drawn from casual conversations, lecture materials, and media discourse.
Findings: The study reveals that Cameroonian linguistic practices reflect a strong emphasis on hierarchical status, relatively low prioritization of time-consciousness, and the adaptation of certain expressions in ways that diverge from their conventional meanings in other cultural settings.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: These findings suggest that time perception in Cameroon is deeply embedded in socio-cultural realities, with significant implications for communication, governance, and national development. Encouraging greater time-consciousness, particularly among the ruling class, could contribute to enhanced efficiency and progress across various sectors