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Persistent Child Malnutrition in Dhaka: Integrating Political Considerations and Multisectoral Interventions for Solutions Moving Forward
No full textOne of the world’s most densely populated cities in the World, Dhaka continues to grapple with its persisting challenge of child malnutrition. While food shortages, food insecurity, and inadequate feeding practices contribute to child malnutrition, various social and economic determinants, including maternal education, family household income, and geographic residence further exacerbate the problem. While existing interventions like the Health Sector Support Project and National Nutrition Programme have made strides in reducing short-term and long-term child malnutrition, challenges such as insufficient coverage hamper its overall scope and effectiveness. In order to address issues hampering funding capacity and the breadth and quality of nutrition-related services, it is necessary to understand the factors affecting them, including political commitment toward child nutrition, policy alignment, program design and implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and intervention strategies and service delivery. Moving forward, comprehensive strategies taking into account political prioritization, multisectoral coordination, and targeted primary intervention strategies are crucial for tackling child malnutrition effectively in LMICs and cities like Dhaka and beyond
Criministrative Law: Data-Collection, Surveillance, and the Individualization Project in U.S. Child Welfare Law
Get PDF Textual analyses of child welfare laws, joined by extensive textual and legal analyses of case law, reveal how the “dance” between the administrative and the criminal in child protective services (CPS) is rooted in the individualized perception of poverty. This individualization, which forms the bedrock of the capitalist American welfare state, promotes the fragmentation of the family unit. Building on individualized perception and reifying it, child welfare laws and practices are neither purely administrative nor criminal, but “criministrative.” As such, they serve as a legal shield for the State in its attemptsto ensure child welfare; the State refuses to provide protections available in traditional criminal contexts to families involved in CPS investigations, while simultaneously enjoying administrative courts’ less restrictive evidentiary rules. This Article follows the thread of individualized surveillance embedded in the law, starting with the conflation of “abuse” and “neglect.” This Article proposes three solution pathways, building from practicalto theoretical: divorcing neglect from abuse, adopting a Poverty Aware Paradigm, and developing a theoretical framework for an institutionalized “benevolent gaze.”
This Article joins growing discussions in critical legal scholarship concerning the carceral nature of the welfare state and the relationship between care and punishment inthe United States. This Article adds a further dimension to these discussions by asserting that child welfare law is more aptly described as criministrative law, and by exposing the rootedness of the individualized perception of poverty in the organizing concepts of the child welfare system. Finally, this Article calls for a reconstruction of the legal treatment of children who are at risk of harms caused by poverty. If left unchecked, criministrative law will continue to inflict harm upon parents, thus harming the very children that CPS is meant to protect
The Personal (Jurisdiction) is Political: The Reach and Overreach of Abortion Bounty-Hunter Laws
Get PDFExtraterritorial laws between states have long been debated, but less discussed are the implications of these extraterritorial theories on personal jurisdiction. As anti-abortion states continue to pass extraterritorial laws targeting abortion—bounty-hunter abortion laws—it becomes increasingly important to address the role personal jurisdiction will play in attempts to enforce these laws. Personal jurisdiction may serve as a useful roadblock to stop bounty-hunter lawsuits. This Note seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining both the role personal jurisdiction will play in extraterritorial anti-abortion lawsuits and the fit between theories underlying personal jurisdiction and extraterritoriality. In this context, the governing state and federal precedents and the values underlying personal jurisdiction do not support exercise of personal jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants. Part I details states that have currently enacted bounty-hunter laws, the ongoing lawsuits related to these laws, and the issues these suits have presented for the basic requirements of personal jurisdiction. Part II lays out the menu of ways these cases might be handled, specifically by addressing the likely types of defendants and exploring how personal jurisdiction would—or, more aptly, would not—apply. Part III concludes by discussing theories underlying personal jurisdiction and how they support judges finding that bountyhunter lawsuits against out-of-state defendants should not proceed. I argue that both Supreme Court precedent and personal jurisdiction’s underlying normative values indicate that courts should not have personal jurisdiction over out-of-state abortion-suit defendants. Personal jurisdiction is one of the many procedural roadblocks—in addition to questions of substantive law—that will arise in civil enforcement mechanism lawsuits
Analysis of the Integration of Military Themes and Nazi Ideology in the 'Mathematisches Arbeits- Und Lehrbuch' Textbook Series
Get PDFThis study explores the integration of military themes and Nazi ideology within the "Mathematisches Arbeits- Und Lehrbuch" textbook series, which was a prominent tool in Nazi Germany for embedding National Socialist principles in mathematics education. Authored by Otto Zoll, a Nazi Party member, these textbooks were strategically designed to support the regime's objectives, aligning mathematical instruction with ideological and military indoctrination. The paper focuses on the revisions made to the textbooks after 1937, under directives from the Reich Ministry of Education, which infused them with exercises that directly related to military science, genetics, and Germanic folklore. Notably, students were introduced to complex military applications, such as ballistic calculations and strategic logistics, from as early as grade 10, illustrating the regime's efforts to prepare the youth for future roles in the military and as bearers of Nazi ideology. Through this analysis, the paper highlights the profound impact of these educational materials on shaping the ideologies and values of students, underscoring the potent role of education in propagating state ideologies. By dissecting the content of these textbooks, this study offers insights into how education under authoritarian regimes can be manipulated to achieve specific political ends, contributing to a broader understanding of the intersection between education, ideology, and political control during the Nazi era
Higher Arithmetic: A Textbook Analysis
Get PDFThis paper investigates the historical context, internal content, and educational significance of Higher Arithmetic, a 1919 mathematics text by David Eugene Smith and George Wentworth, which has been insufficiently studied. Through historical and content analysis, this study reveals the authors’ intention to provide a review and extension of knowledge in a modern context of post-World War I industrial United States, intended for both students and pre-service teachers who need thorough teacher preparedness. Although Higher Arithmetic may not be well- recognized today, its progressive intentions for teacher training and the modernization of material remain goals that are as important today as in Smith and Wentworth’s time
School Mathematics in Colonial India: Analyzing an Arithmetic Textbook from the Late Nineteenth Century
Get PDFThis article analyzes a popular arithmetic textbook, Arithmetic: For the Use of Schools and Colleges, authored by Jadav Chandra Chakravarti, to examine the contents and pedagogies in the text for how mathematics was taught and learned from the end of the nineteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century in colonial India. The study findings provide us with a glimpse of the teaching and learning of mathematics in colonial India and help us to better understand current school mathematics and its curriculum evolution and development in the subcontinent. Even though Chakravarti’s textbook is mainly based on rule-method pedagogy, it has simple descriptions of rules and procedures, and a gradual progression from simple to complex in exercises and topics, which was unique at the time. The textbook maintains coherence in its style and presentation of the contents, and engages students and teachers by reflecting social life and cultural traditions in colonial India, which perhaps contributes to a long period of popularity of this book in the Indian subcontinent. The textbook has its legacy in modern education in the Indian subcontinent. Still, in the subcontinent, textbooks are one of the main sources of mathematics teaching and learning, as well as test preparation for high-stakes exams
Expression of Single mRNA Constructs Encoding Both CRISPR-Cas9 Protein and Guide RNAs for Future Gene Therapy Applications: 2023 Article of The Year
No full textThe basis of many life-threatening diseases is disruption in key genes. In many cases, repairing these disruptions can prevent or reverse disease. The development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which consists of Cas9 nuclease directed to specific genomic locations by guide RNA (gRNA), has significantly progressed in the past decade and has shown signs of promise for treating diseases such as Alzheimer’s and cystic fibrosis. One integral issue of gene editing therapy is the method and effectiveness of delivery. Current approaches such as lentiviral and adeno-associated virus vectors suffer from either stable, constant expression of CRISPR components that causes unintended gene editing or an inability to efficiently carry large cargoes such as two independent genes: Cas9 and guide RNA. To begin to bypass these cargo limitations, we created a CRISPR-Cas9 mRNA structure that encompasses all of the necessary components for gene editing on a single RNA. These constructs consist of a promoter, followed by a Cas9 open reading frame, a triplex region from MALAT1 that protects the Cas9 open reading frame, and then either 1, 2, or 4 gRNAs that target specific reporters, with each gRNA between two self-cleaving ribozyme sequences. These constructs successfully drove Cas9 editing of two distinct reporters in human cells and thus open the door for many more experiments such as incorporation into various delivery constructs to further develop this technology for gene editing therapy.
Black Liberation Theology and the “Black Manifesto” : Reflections on Race, Racial Injustice, and Religion a Half Century Later
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Physical therapy students’ experiences of inappropriate patient sexual behavior: a narrative review
No full textPrimary objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which inappropriate patient sexual behavior (IPSB) is directed toward student physical therapists (PTs) and how this phenomenon is described in the current literature.
Review type: Narrative review.
Summary of review method: A search of PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Academic Search Complete was conducted using the Boolean phrase (‘sexual harassment’ OR ‘sexual assault’ OR ‘inappropriate sexual behavior’ OR ‘sexual behavior’) AND (‘physical therapy’ OR physiotherapy OR ‘physical therapist’ OR physiotherapist). After relevant articles were identified, references were searched for additional relevant material. Data and common themes were identified, extracted, and summarized.
Primary results: Studies indicate that 84% to 92.9% of PTs have IPSBs directed at them during their careers. There is less information on the rate at which student PTs are targets of IPSB, but the available studies indicate 66.2% to 78% of them experience IPSB during their clinical experiences. In one study, over 22% of PT students experienced severe forms of IPSB during clinical experiences. Other studies show that student PTs and novice PTs respond to IPSB with techniques that are less effective than those used by experienced PTs. Qualitative reports indicate that student PTs feel that they and their clinical instructors are unprepared for IPSB and believe more training on the topic is necessary.
Conclusion: The available literature indicates that most PT students have IPSB directed at them during their clinical experiences. Students report feeling unprepared and desire more training on this topic. Additional training may reduce IPSB