Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History
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Political Technologies: Key Concepts and Methods of Influence on Political Processes
Full text linkPolitical technologies represent an essential tool in the process of managing political processes and addressing specific issues within the scope of power. They encompass a set of methods and strategies aimed at the effective use of resources and influencing political dynamics. These technologies play a key role in decision-making, conflict resolution, and establishing communications, demonstrating a more detailed level of political dependencies and connections. In the post-Soviet space, political technologies are often associated with the manipulation of public opinion and artificial management of political processes. These technologies can be used both to create positive and destructive political effects, influencing social and political stability. This work primarily focuses on the theoretical and methodological foundations of political technology research, as well as its application in forming long-term political strategies and managing political reality
Directions and Prospects for Introducing Judicial Oversight over Operative-Search Activities
Full text linkOperational-search activity (OSA) plays an integral role in criminal proceedings by providing covert investigative tools necessary for combating complex, organized, and cyber crimes. In Uzbekistan, legislative ambiguities persist regarding the procedural status of OSA, with inconsistencies between the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) and OSA regulations limiting the integration of operational intelligence into admissible evidence. Despite the growing reliance on OSA to address rising crime rates, there remains an absence of clear legal frameworks ensuring judicial oversight and procedural transparency when transforming OSA results into evidence. This study aims to analyze the doctrinal, legislative, and practical challenges of introducing judicial oversight over operational-search activities, proposing mechanisms for integrating OSA into criminal procedure while preserving constitutional rights. The analysis reveals that the lack of statutory mechanisms for using OSA data reduces its evidentiary potential, undermines procedural safeguards, and creates disparities in investigative functions. The paper argues for disqualification rules preventing dual procedural roles, clearer regulatory frameworks for admissibility, and judicial oversight by district courts to enhance accountability and legality. The study highlights the introduction of investigating judges in Uzbekistan as an institutional innovation to strengthen judicial oversight over OSA, proposing principles for regulating non-transparent investigative actions without compromising efficiency. Integrating OSA under judicial control would improve crime detection, expand evidentiary bases, strengthen procedural transparency, and ensure that operational activities comply with constitutional protections, contributing to a more effective and rights-based criminal justice system.
 
Narratives of Wantilan, Meaning, and Social Interaction in The Wayang Kulit Bagong Gendro Performance and The Film Punokawan
Full text linkThis study explores the comparative representation of Punakawan characters in two different media: the Porongan-style wayang kulit performance Bagong Gendro by Ki Suwoto Gozali, and the film Punokawan directed by Andi Fikri. Using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework, the research reveals both denotative and connotative meanings in wantilan (character-specific expressions) as a cultural sign system that encodes myths about sexuality, the origin of life, humor, and social values in East Javanese society. In the wayang performance, bodily symbolism and sexual references function as philosophical metaphors for life. Meanwhile, in the film, Petruk and Bagong appear as egalitarian and humorous figures, reflecting the open and intimate communication style of the Sidoarjo community. The study concludes that both traditional performances and contemporary films act as vehicles for conveying myths and social ideologies, adapted to their respective cultural contexts
The Ka'b Emirate during the reign of Sheikh Salman bin Sultan and his successors (1737–1792)
Full text linkThis research presents a historical and analytical study of the Ka'b Emirate during the rule of Sheikh Salman bin Sultan Al-Ka'bi and his successors between 1737 and 1792, a pivotal period in the history of Arab tribes in the Arabian Gulf region, particularly in the Arabistan region (currently Khuzestan). The study highlights the emergence of the Emirate, the political and military challenges it faced, its policies in confronting Ottoman and Persian influence, and the complex relationships it established with neighboring tribes. The research focuses on Sheikh Salman bin Sultan as a leader of wisdom and political acumen who managed to expand the Emirate’s sphere of influence, fortify its borders, and strengthen its relative independence despite external pressures. It also addresses the internal policies of the Emirate, including its governance system, tribal alliances, and resource management. Additionally, the study examines the role played by Sheikh Salman’s successors in preserving his political and military legacy and how they confronted the shifting balance of power in the region. Through analyzing historical sources, the research concludes that during this period, the Ka'b Emirate represented a unique model of an Arab political entity that managed to assert itself in a highly turbulent regional environment
Establishment of Soviet Power in Bukhara and Khiva, Increasing Economic Representation
Full text linkThis article explores the historical processes surrounding the establishment of Soviet power in the Khiva Khanate and Bukhara Emirate, focusing on economic policies introduced by both the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik government. It examines the imposition of economic ideologies such as military communism, cotton policy, and forced collectivization. The article discusses how these policies contributed to economic stagnation and widespread suffering, as local populations were subjected to forced labor and the disruption of traditional agricultural practices. It further analyzes the impact of these policies on local economies, including the significant shift from food production to cotton cultivation, and the ensuing food shortages and famine. Additionally, the article considers the socio-political consequences of Soviet control, emphasizing the forced introduction of communism and the repression of local populations. The study highlights the role of Soviet administrative structures and the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate in enforcing these policies and their long-term effects on the region's economy and social fabric
Mourning rituals in the Miyonkol oasis
Full text linkMourning and burial rituals represent one of the most conservative cultural phenomena, often preserving layers of ancient beliefs within modern traditions. In the Miyonkol oasis, these practices embody a unique synthesis of animism, fetishism, totemism, and Zoroastrianism, later reshaped under Islamic influence. Despite their significance, the funeral and mourning customs of Miyonkol have received limited scholarly attention, particularly regarding their transformation under religious and cultural shifts. This study aims to investigate the continuity and change of mourning practices in Miyonkol, focusing on their ethnocultural and religious underpinnings. Field research and historical analysis reveal that many rituals such as washing the deceased, preparation of the “death bundle,” laments, and the symbolic use of willow continue to survive, though modernization and Europeanization have contributed to their gradual erosion. The research documents and interprets rituals that preserve traces of pre-Islamic traditions, demonstrating how layers of belief systems coexisted and evolved, while highlighting practices that are disappearing in contemporary times. The findings underscore the importance of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage, suggesting that further ethnographic research can contribute to the preservation and revitalization of national values amidst globalization pressures.
 
Effect of Anti-Smuggling Policies on Land Border Management in South West, Nigeria
Full text linkThe study examined the effect of anti-smuggling policies on land border management in South-West Nigeria, focusing on the Seme and Idiroko land borders in Lagos and Ogun states. The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of border closure policy on physical land border management at the Seme and Idiroko land borders in Lagos and Ogun states, South West, Nigeria, and ascertain the effect of import tariff regimes on operational land border management at the Seme and Idiroko land borders in Lagos and Ogun states, South West, Nigeria. Flowing from the objectives of the study, two research questions and hypotheses were tested in the study. The research was based on Stakeholders’ theory. For the purposes of this research, the survey design method was adopted. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized. A self-administered structured questionnaire was developed and administered to the respondents, and the resultant data was presented in tabular form, computed mean scores, and analyzed using the simple regression model. The key conclusions derived from the research were that the border closure policy impacts the management of physical land borders in South West Nigeria and that tariff regimes impact the operational management of land borders at Seme and Idiroko borders in Lagos and Ogun states, South West Nigeria. On the basis of the findings from this study, the study recommended, among others, that technological tools like aerial surveillance drones, electronic scanner machines for Customs officials, automated border control systems, electronic toll gates, should be acquired by government. All of these will help to enhance border patrol, surveillance, monitoring and inspection at various points of entry into the country.
 
Review and Critique of the Book “Sayyid Taj al-Din Husayni Awi”
Full text linkThe book Sayyid Taj al-Din Husayni Awi by the Iranian historian Muhammad Saeed Najati is, to our knowledge, the only work in the Arab and Islamic worlds that addresses in some detail the lineage, life, and martyrdom of Sayyid Taj al-Din. Like other books, it contains many points that merit comment, which we indicate in this modest critical article. And God grant success.
 
The Application and Legal Improvement of Servitudes within the Framework of Limited Property Rights
Full text linkThis article provides an in-depth analysis of the legal mechanisms of servitudes as one of the limited property rights and their development trends. The legislation and judicial practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan are examined, with particular attention to existing problems in practice, such as normative-legal conflicts, the lack of uniformity in judicial decisions, bureaucratic obstacles in the registration of servitudes, and disputes between neighboring landowners. A comparative analysis with foreign experience, namely the legal systems of Germany, Russian, Spain and France, identifies the mechanisms necessary for the efficient application of servitudes in Uzbekistan. Servitudes are as important as a private law tool to balance the interests of individual landowners with the needs of society as a whole, the results suggest
Evolution of The Mechanization and Service Provision System in Agriculture
Full text linkThe paper is aimed at the development of machinery and service provision system in agriculture based on the Republic of Uzbekistan from 1991 to2024. The author analyses the process of formation of the first Machine-Tractor Stations (MTS), their functioning under a centrally planned system, changes following the transition to market economy and privatization of Machine-Tractor Parks (MTP). The focus is placed on the 2016–2018 reform and the A.President Decree of April 19, 2024, that resulted in the complete privatisation of MTPs and changes in the administration system of agrarian service enterprises. The paper examines the socio-economic consequences of the reforms among farm households and individual landowners, quality-of-service control issues and building a competitive environment. Furthermore, it points out contact state- private sector, change in management models and their effect on farmers from a historical-retrospective approach.