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Emigracja muzyków ukraińskich po II wojnie światowej i jej rola w zachowaniu tradycji narodowej
Full text linkThe circumstances of Ukrainian musicians’ emigration to the West after World War II are considered in the socio-cultural aspect. First, the unfavorable conditions of “extreme emigration” are taken into account. Objective predispositions of the process of adaptation of musicians in foreign environments are presented, as well as types of interpretation of the national element in the work of Ukrainian composers in emigration. Their successes achieved despite the circumstances are explained through the prism of the category of “life-creation”. Particular emphasis is placed on their mission to maintain national identity during the Soviet partition, compensatory activities in those zones that were destroyed by the communist authorities, including the organization of a bandurist band against the background of the persecution of kobzars in Ukraine, propaganda of the work of repressed musicians, e.g. Wasyl Barwiński, taking up topics forbidden by Soviet ideology such as “nationalist”. Ukrainian musicians in exile created a colorful, multidimensional sound image of the Homeland, not only “preserving” its past, but also inscribing national themes into a broad compendium of contemporary world culture.W artykule rozpatrywane są okoliczności emigracji muzyków ukraińskich na Zachód po II wojnie światowej w aspekcie społeczno-kulturowym. Najpierw uwzględniono niesprzyjające warunki „ekstremalnej emigracji”. Zostały przedstawione obiektywne predyspozycje procesu adaptacji muzyków w obcych środowiskach oraz typy interpretacji pierwiastka narodowego w twórczości kompozytorów ukraińskich na emigracji. Sukcesy, jakie odnieśli oni wbrew okolicznościom, tłumaczone są przez pryzmat kategorii „życiotwórczości”. Szczególny nacisk położono na ich misję zachowania tożsamości narodowej w okresie radzieckiego zaboru, działalność kompensacyjną w tych sferach, jakie były niszczone przez władze komunistyczne, w tym organizację kapeli bandurzystów na tle prześladowania kobziarzy w Ukrainie, propagandę twórczości muzyków represjonowanych, np. Wasyla Barwińskiego, podejmowanie tematów niewpisujących się w ideologię radziecką jako „nacjonalistyczne”. Ukraińscy muzycy na emigracji stworzyli barwny wielowymiarowy dźwiękowy obraz Ojczyzny, nie tylko „konserwując” jego przeszłość, lecz wpisując tematy narodowe w szerokie kompendium współczesnej kultury światowej
Іван Франко і Дрогобич: музичні „образки” міста 1860–1870 років ХІХ ст.: Іван Франко і Дрогобич: музичні „образки” міста 1860–1870 років ХІХ ст.
No full textIvan Franko studied in Drohobych at the main (normal) school of the Basilian Fathers of the Holy Trinity Church and the Franz Joseph Higher Gymnasium. He left a number of autobiographical works about these educational institutions, including A Mustard Seed, The Ruthenians, Memories from My Gymnasium Days, A Report on the Drohobych Gymnasium, The Student Library in Drohobych and others. Scattered information about the singing groups in these schools can be found not only in the aforementioned works but also in the memories of Franko’s contemporaries. These sources speak of the musicality of Ukrainian students, their interest in singing, and the promotion of Ukrainian choral repertoire. The gymnasium students organized singing sessions during breaks and formed school choirs, led by the most talented among them. These choirs participated in events organized both at the schools and in the region. Their performances contributed to the cultural uplift of the school youth and the Ukrainian population, while their repertoire (folk songs and original compositions) fostered national consciousness in the context of statelessness, shaping their spiritual needs. The strict discipline in the schools did not satisfy the students, so music-making in the singing groups became a source of true solace for them. Thus, we can assert that the foundations for the development of Drohobych’s musical culture in the first third of the 20th century were partly laid by the spontaneous and permanent choral groups of the main (normal) school of the Basilian Fathers and the Franz Joseph Gymnasium, in which Ivan Franko played an active role.Іван Франко навчався у Дрогобичі в головній (нормальній) школі отців Василіян при церкві Святої Трійці та у Вищій реальній гімназії ім. Франца-Йосифа. І. Франко залишив низку автобіографічних творів про ці навчальні заклади, серед яких: „Гірчичне зерно”, „Рутенці”, „Спомини з моїх гімназіальних часів”, „Допис про Дрогобицьку гімназію”, „Ученицька бібліотека в Дрогобичі” та інші. Розрізнена інформація про співочі колективи в цих школах міститься не тільки у вищезгаданих працях, а й у спогадах сучасників І. Франка. Ці джерела свідчать про музикальність українських студентів, їхній інтерес до співу, популяризацію українського хорового репертуару. Учні гімназій організовували співи під час перерв і створювали шкільні хори під керівництвом найталановитіших серед них. Ці хори брали участь у заходах, що проводилися як у навчальних закладах, так і в районі. Їхні виступи сприяли культурному піднесенню шкільної молоді та українського населення, а репертуар (народні пісні та авторські композиції) – виховував національну свідомість в умовах бездержавності. Сувора дисципліна в школах не задовольняла учнів, тому музикування в хорових гуртках стало для них джерелом справжньої розради і натхнення. Таким чином, можна стверджувати, що основи значного піднесення музичної культури Дрогобича в першій третині XX століття були частково закладені спонтанними і постійними хоровими колективами головної (нормальної) школи отців Василіян і гімназії ім. Франца-Йосифа, в яких активну участь брав Іван Франко
Enhancing IT Competencies Through Python-Based Computational Thinking Modules for Teachers
Full text linkThis study addresses the growing need for IT competency among educators in higher education by introducing Python-based computational thinking modules. Computational thinking – involving decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design – is a critical skill for navi-gating the digital era. Python, known for its simplicity and versatility, is an ideal language for en-hancing these skills. This paper details the design of professional development programs tailored for higher education faculty, focusing on curriculum structures, practical exercises, and case studies of successful implementations. The findings demonstrate how such programs can empower educators to integrate computational thinking into their pedagogy, fostering a culture of innovation and technolog-ical fluency in academic environments. Furthermore, this study explores the role of artificial intelli-gence (AI) in enhancing Python's applicability, highlighting its potential to revolutionize education through tools like machine learning frameworks and intelligent tutoring systems
Safety zone for surgical procedures for the prevention of neurovascular injury in minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. With the development of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), decreased incision size produces limited visualization leading to an increased risk of adjacent neurovascular structures during the procedure.The aim was to identify the safest zones of surgical procedures for the prevention of major neurovascular structures around the acetabulum.
Material and methods. 84 cadaver pelvic specimens with 168 hips were used to analyze the anatomic relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle in the normal Korean population according to sex and height. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anatomic relationship between the acetabulum and the sciatic nerve, based on the clockwise direction method, to identify the safety zones of the surgical procedure’s proximity to the acetabulum.
Results. The prevalence of type I (normal type) was more than 79% and 88% in males and females, respectively. Distances A, B and E were 7.1±0.78 mm between the 3 and 4 o’clock position, 14.2±0.67 mm between the 8 and 9 o’clock position, 17.0±1.22 mm in the 9 o’clock position, respectively, on the left side, whereas 6.0±0.69 mm between the 8 and 9 o’clock position, 14.8±0.59 mm in the 7 o’clock position, 17.9±1.08 mm in the 3 o’clock position on the right side. The proximity of the retractors to acetabulum should be placed with careful and proper retraction between the 3 and 5 o’clock position on the left side and between the 7 and 9 o’clock position on the right side, in which the placement in the 9 and 3 o’clock position should be cautious on the right and left side, respectively. The cautious use of electrocautery between the 3 and 5 o’clock position on the left side, and between the 7 and 9 o’clock position on the right side, is recommended. However, performing the electrocauterization in the 9 o’clock and 3 o’clock position respectively on the left and right side should be avoided. It is forbidden between the 10 and 12 on the left side and between 12 and 2 o’clock position on the right side. The absolute safety zones for the placement of the transacetabular screw were between 1 and 3, and between the position 5 and the 6 o’clock position on the left side and between the position 9 and 11, and between the 6 and 7 on the right side. Relative safe zones were between 12 and 1, and between the 6 and 7 o’clock position on the left and between the 11 and 12, and between the 5 and 6 o’clock positions on the right side. Screws with a length of <24mm could be safely inserted between the 3 and 5 o’clock position on the left side and between the 7 and 9 o’clock position on the right side. The risk zones were between 7 and 9, and between the 9 and 12 hours on the left side, and between 3 and 5, and between the 12 and 3 o’clock position on the right side. In cases with highly elevated trochanter major, the distances between the acetabulum and adjacent neurovascular structures changed and the risk of the SN increased.
Conclusion. These data could be helpful for arthroplasty surgeons in avoiding neurovascular injuries in MIS THA
Ultrasonography of the salivary glands in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis – a probabilistic approach
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. To evaluate the role of salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) in differentiating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) using a probability method and to study the relation between secondary SS (sSS) and RA disease characteristics.
Material and methods. One hundred RA patients with disease duration ≥5 years underwent detailed history taking, examination, routine laboratory testing, Schirmer’s test, unstimulated salivary flow rate and SGUS of the 4 major salivary glands using Salaffi and Outcome Measures In Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT) scores.
Results. Patients sum with probabilities for sSS ≤20% and ≥80% were (39/100) before and (90/100) after SGUS with a highly significant difference (p<0.001).There was significantly more frequent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), longer RA disease duration and higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in RA patients with sSS compared to those without (p<0.05). There was highly significant agreement between Salaffi and OMERACT scores in gland evaluation by kappa test. The highest ultrasound OMERACT score of SG showed significant positive correlation with both Disease Activity Score-28-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS-28 ESR score) and ESR in RA patients.
Conclusion. Secondary SS is frequent in RA patients especially in association with longer disease duration, higher anti-CCP antibody titer and CTS. SGUS is a useful tool that helps diagnosing and grading the severity of SS in RA. SS severity correlates with RA disease activity
A study of several hematological and immunological parameters of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammation that damages the joints and causes disability. In RA, glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate hematological and immunological parameters, including interleukin-24 (IL-24), interleukin-32 (IL-32), and rheumatoid factor (RF), in patients with RA, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or both, and to assess their interrelationships.
Material and methods. A case-control study on RA and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah Education Hospital with 100 blood samples collected from patients, divided into four groups. Complete blood counts (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), RF, IL-24, and IL-32 levels were measured using automated analyzers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results. Patients with both diseases showed elevated ESR (p<0.001) and RF (p<0.01). RA patients increased significantly in ESR and RF, but there was no statistically significant difference in RF in type 2 diabetic patients. IL-24 was not statistically significantly increased in RA patients. IL-32 levels increased significantly in type 2 diabetes (p=0.02), while RA showed no significant difference.
Conclusion. Patients with RA have elevated levels of IL-32 expression and has a positive correlation with indicators of RA activity indicators such as ESR and RF. An increase in IL-24 and IL-32 in RA patients indicates a positive correlation between IL-24 and IL-32. Diabetic patients exhibit significantly elevated pro-inflammatory properties of IL-32
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 dysregulation and inflammatory cytokines as dual biomarkers in ulcerative colitis ‒ a case-control study
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by immune dysregulation and mucosal inflammation. Current UC biomarkers lack specificity, underscoring the need for novel diagnostic tools. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), a serine protease implicated in immune modulation and inflammation, and interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine linked to mucosal immune dysregulation, may serve as dual biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum levels of DPP-4, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-7 to differentiate UC patients with UC from healthy individuals.
Material and methods. This research conducted a case-control study involving 130 individuals, 65 diagnosed with UC and 65 apparently healthy individuals serving as the control group. Blood samples were obtained to measure DPP-4, IL-7, insulin and C-reactive protein levels.
Results. The study demonstrated a significantly higher level of inflammatory markers compared to the healthy controls with a significantly higher CRP (23.38±17.76 vs. 2.38±0.89 mg/dL, p<0.001) and IL-7 concentrations (62.39±19.7 vs. 22.86±4.73 ng/L, p<0.001). and lower level of DPP-4 activity (1.33±0.19 vs. 2.37±0.35 U/L, p<0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed the excellent diagnostic performance of DPP-4 and IL-7 in identifying UC.
Conclusion. Reduced serum DPP-4 levels and elevated levels of inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-7) highlight their utility as dual biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of UC disease. DPP-4 expression is inversely correlated with inflammation. These biomarkers demonstrate diagnostic potential for UC; however, longitudinal studies are needed to assess their role in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment
Evaluating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 17 as plasma biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with significant global health implications. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the clinical utility of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) along with immunological parameters as diagnostic biomarkers for patients with RA.
Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted involving 75 RA cases and 75 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-17 were measured using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and correlation tests to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, predictive value, and associations with disease activity parameters.
Results. RA patients exhibited significantly elevated TNF-α (275.5±99.9 vs. 46.2±8.4 pg/mL, p<0.001) and IL-17 (313.8±95.4 vs. 42.2±10.96 pg/mL, p<0.001) compared to controls. Patients with a family history of RA had higher TNF-α (p=0.019) and IL-17 (p=0.03) levels. ROC analysis revealed perfect diagnostic accuracy for both biomarkers (100% sensitivity and specificity) at cut-offs >65.2 pg/mL (TNF-α) and >83 pg/mL (IL-17).
Conclusion. There was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and TNF-α. Therefore, these biomarkers distinguish rheumatoid arthritis patients from healthy controls
Elevated estrogen receptor beta and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women is associated with hormonal dysregulation and oxidative stress. This study investigates the relationship between estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), selected reproductive hormones, and oxidative stress markers in women with ovarian cancer compared to healthy controls. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to evaluate these parameters in an integrated way, offering new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying postmenopausal ovarian cancer.
Material and methods. Blood samples were collected from 45 postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer immediately after diagnosis to be compared with 45 healthy women. ERβ and some hormones were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chemiluminescence imunoassays and miniVIDAS, while spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluate variables associated with oxidative stress.
Results. The results show a significant increase in beta estrogen receptor values for women with ovarian cancer 12.69±1.79 ng/mL, p<0.001 compared to healthy women 0.47±0.06 ng/mL. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in the values of each estrogen (E2) 18.4±2.19 pg/mL vs. 16.20±3.45 pg/mL, p=0.001, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) 15.56±2.88 pmol/L vs. 1.22±0.29 pmol/L, p<0.001, and total oxidant status 2.93±0.63 µmol/L vs. 0.65±0.09 µmol/L, p<0.001. On the contrary, a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity 3.22±0.72 mmol/L vs. 10.04±1.50 mmol/L, p<0.001. The results also show a positive correlation between the values of total oxidants and the hormones studied, compared to the negative correlation with total antioxidants.
Conclusion. The significant increase in the values of ERβ as well as the estrogen hormone that may be derived from adipose tissue in women with ovarian cancer in the postmenopausal stage, has multiple effects, for example, by altering some hormones such as progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and AMH. These hormonal disturbances resulting from granulosa cell tumors play a role in increasing the metabolic rate and therefore increasing the oxidative stress of cells