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Wojna polsko-polska na terenie Izraela
No full textThe Polish – Polish war on the territory of IsraelThe text deconstructs a documentary film Betar by Robert Kaczmarek and Piotr Gontarczyk. The author carries out the analysis adopting two approaches. Firstly, she confronts the factographic side of the film against other sources reporting the events presented in the film. The author also proves that although it has pretensions to being a historiographic work, Betar is, in fact, constructed on the founding myths of the Israeli Zionism. Secondly, she analyses the film as the authors’ viewpoint on Polish fascism and Polish anti-Semitism concealed under the guise of objectifying narrative of a documentary. Seen from such a perspective, Betar perfectly fits into the Polish historical politics. Discussing the issue of Jews in Poland in the pre-war and war times, the film disregards the context of dominance and abuse, that is the majority-minority context; and what is more, it neutralises the Polish anti-Semitism presenting it as equal to the right-wing Zionism as well as an answer to Jewish nationalism
Fantazmat "Sprawiedliwych" i film "W ciemności" Agnieszki Holland
No full textPhantasm of the Righteous and Agnieszka Holland’s film "In Darkness"The text analyses Agnieszka Holland’s film In Darkness against the background of the Polish discourse on the Righteous. The devices of this discourse are reconstructed on the basis of two documentary films: The Righteous by Ryszard Gontarz and Janusz Kidawa (1968) and The Story of the Kowalski by Arkadiusz Gołębiowski and Maciej Pawlicki (2009). The basic devices distinguished in the narrative of the Righteous are the following: 1. a symmetry between the Jewish and Polish suffering 2. lack of Jews’ gratefulness and solidarity (“we demonstrated solidarity as far as the sacrifice of life but they…”); 3. treating the Righteous as pars pro toto of the community (they become the proof of the “national character” of Poles; the motif of “the Righteous-anti-Semite”); 4. a conviction about Polish helplessness; 5. marginalisation of the Polish aggression against Jews (a viewpoint that apparently “the scum is everywhere” and the simultaneously expressed accusations that the victims were involved in the Holocaust themselves).Holland is not aware of the discursive mechanisms accumulating around the undertaken subject or the correlated stakes of the common imagination. Therefore, many fragments of In Darkness easily succumb to being captured by the prevailing, and in fact anti-Semitic, clichés of understanding the history. In effect, the phenomenon of unwanted comeback of phantasms occurs in reference to a narrative developed as an antidote for such
Między brakiem a nadmiarem. Z Ireną Grudzińską-Gross rozmawia Joanna Tokarska-Bakir
No full textBetween overabundance and scarcity. Joanna Tokarska-Bakir in an interview with Irena Grudzińska GrossThis conversation with Irena Grudzińska-Gross starts a series of interviews in “Studia Litteraria et Historica”, which motto is the title of the essay of Jan Stanisław Bystroń “On subjects I was advised not to pursue”. Among these subjects that Irena Grudzińska-Gross names are: war, family history, women. Grudzińska-Gross tells also about the reactions to “Złote Żniwa” - a book that she wrote together with Jan Tomasz Gross, and about academic work of people of Eastern Europe living in the United States. One part of the interview concerns also a “collective hypnosis”, that Americans underwent after the 9/11 World Trade Center Attack and the price, that Susan Sontag had to pay for being critical about American militarism. Między brakiem a nadmiarem. Z Ireną Grudzińską-Gross rozmawia Joanna Tokarska-BakirRozmowa z Ireną Grudzińską-Gross otwiera cykl wywiadów “Studia Litteraria et Historica”, których mottem jest tytuł eseju Jana Stanisława Bystronia: “Tematy, które mi odradzano”. Wśród “odradzanych” tematów, które wymienia Irena Grudzińska-Gross są między innymi: wojna, historia rodzinna, kobiety. Grudzińska-Gross opowiada także o reakcjach na książkę “Złote żniwa”, którą napisała wraz z Janem Tomaszem Grossem oraz o pracy akademickiej osób z Europy Wschodniej w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Część rozmowy dotyczy także “zbiorowej hipnozy”, której ulegli mieszkańcy USA po ataku 11 września 2001 na World Trade Center i ceny, jaką musiała zapłacić Susan Sontag za krytykę amerykańskiego militaryzmu
Ex silentio. O wierszu „Todtnauberg” Paula Celana
No full textEx silentio. On Paul Celan’s Poem “Todtnauberg”This paper contests the interpretative framework proposed by Hans Georg Gadamer and Cezary Wodziński in their interpretations of certain poems by Paul Celan. The point of contention lies in the understanding of the relationship between biography and poem. The author analyses the “concept of discretion,” which excludes Celan’s Jewish identity from the analysis of his poetry, and proposes her own reading of both his poem Todtnauberg and anti-volkist interpretation Hüttenfenster. The background consists of the polemic about the famous meeting of Paul Celan and Martin Heidegger in August 1, 1967 in Todtnauberg