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A Comparative Analysis of Rainfall-Prediction Using Optimized Machine Learning Algorithms
No full textThe difficult challenge of predicting rainfall is brought on by the daily observations of erratic rainfall patterns and climatic fluctuations. Predicting when the rain will fall can help avoid floods and even aid in crop growth in agriculture. Timely and precise predictions can prevent loss of life and assets. The ability to forecast the amount of rainfall requires an understanding of weather-related elements such as pressure, humidity, wind speed, latitude, longitude, and precipitable water with varying x and y-axis parameters. The research in this study involves using fundamental machine learning techniques to create weather forecasting models that use the day\u27s meteorological data to predict whether or not it will rain tomorrow. By utilizing previously identified trends from historical meteorological data, machine learning helps forecast rainfall. We are using a classification model in our supervised data model, and the techniques utilized to forecast the amount of rain include random forest, KNN, decision tree, and logistic regression. Using machine learning algorithms to examine past weather data and find patterns that can be applied to forecast future rainfall patterns is the suggested technique for rainfall prediction. A more accurate weather forecast is made possible by all of the aforementioned factors. We will handle the information that aids in eliminating erroneous and incomplete data. As a component of data preparation, normalization helps to improve feature approximation by adjusting the range of independent variables. Model training is carried out following data preparation, during which data is divided into training and test sets. The test set aids in prediction-making, while the training set serves as the foundation for model training
Descriptive Analysis of Cybersecurity Awareness Among Smartphone Users in Higher Education
No full textIn an era defined by technology evolution, cybersecurity awareness has emerged as a critical concern for smartphone users, especially within academic environments. This paper investigates the results of the survey "Assessing Cybersecurity Awareness Among Smartphone Users" conducted among students in Albanian Higher Education Institutions. The study evaluates dimensions such as Security Behavior, Security Intention, Influence of People and Media, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use. Demographic analysis encompasses variables like age, gender, educational level, employment status, IT background, and smartphone operating system, providing vital context for understanding cybersecurity awareness. Using Likert-scale responses and established methodologies, the research identifies significant differences in cybersecurity practices between students with and without formal education in Information Security. It emphasizes the pivotal role of education in promoting informed cybersecurity behaviors and calls for targeted educational strategies to bolster digital resilience
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of β Ti-18Mo-xCr (x = 3 & 7 wt.%) Alloy
No full textβ-Titanium alloys have gained significant attention for orthopaedic implants due to their superior mechanical properties, including high strength and a notably lower elastic modulus compared to conventional Ti-6Al-4V alloys. In this study, Ti-18Mo-xCr (x = 3 and 7 wt.%) alloys were developed to explore novel materials for biomedical applications. The alloys were produced using Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR) followed by solution treatment and aging heat treatments. The elastic modulus was assessed using the Sonelastic tool, while corrosion resistance was evaluated via electrochemical polarization in a 0.9% NaCl solution. Surface morphology post-corrosion was analysed using SEM-EDS. The solution-treated alloys exhibited a significantly lower elastic modulus than those subjected to aging. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the aging-treated alloys was markedly inferior to both the solution-treated samples and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, primarily due to β-phase stabilization during solution treatment. Prolonged aging further compromised corrosion resistance. Among all tested conditions, the Ti-18Mo-3Cr alloy aged at 500 °C demonstrated the lowest corrosion rate of 7.7373 × 10-5 mm/year. These findings highlight the potential of Ti-18Mo-xCr alloys as candidates for next-generation orthopaedic implants, balancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
The Descriptive Analysis of Breach Experience Among Smartphone Users in the Albanian Higher Education Sector
No full textThis paper investigates breach experiences among smartphone users in the Albanian Higher Education System. The survey examined the cybersecurity knowledge and breach incidents among students. The study focused on assessing cybersecurity awareness and experiences of unauthorized access, data loss, and malware infections. Results indicated that students with formal education in information security demonstrated higher self-assessed knowledge levels and reported fewer security incidents compared to their counterparts without such education. However, challenges such as smartphone loss and data breaches remain prevalent, even among educated users. These findings highlight the necessity for comprehensive and continuously updated cybersecurity education within academic curricula. By enhancing students\u27 understanding and skills in digital security, educational institutions can better prepare individuals to safeguard their personal information and contribute to a more secure digital environment. This research underscores the importance of evolving cybersecurity education to address emerging threats and behaviors, eventually fostering a safer digital landscape for all users
Modeling the Circular Economy in Cellulose Synthesis from Recycled Materials: A Novel Construction Management Approach
No full textThe adoption of circular economy principles is paramount to the sustainable transformation of cellulose production. The circular economy emphasizes the continuous use and recycling of materials, reducing waste and environmental impact. In cellulose production, incorporating recycled materials minimizes the demand for virgin resources, conserves energy, and mitigates environmental degradation. By embracing circularity, the cellulose industry contributes to resource efficiency, lowers its carbon footprint, and aligns with global sustainability goals, fostering a more resilient and eco-friendly production model. The present study developed a circular economy-based model as per recycled materials for the production of cellulose with the application of MATLAB 2019b software. In the created model, kinetic equations for cellulose synthesis are applied. As well, a sensitive analysis is done due to the behavior of the presented sustainable system during that time
Investigation of Phenol Adsorption Process Utilizing Wood Sawdust
No full textThis study serves as an attempt to utilize wood waste in Albania for environmental protection purposes. The use of wood sawdust is been explored as an alternative for treating water with phenol content. The sawdust used is obtained from the local furniture manufacturing industry. Based on the prevalence of tree species in Albania, five types of sawdust are selected: beech, pine, oak, fir, and maple. Meanwhile, the used water sample was a synthetic phenolic solution. The periodic adsorption process is studied to evaluate the kinetics of adsorption and the adsorption capacity of the untreated samples of interest. The experimental results indicate that the adsorption occurs according to the pseudo-first-order model, suggesting that the process relies on both the solution concentration and the availability of adsorption sites. The optimal time to reach adsorption equilibrium is 3 hours. The adsorption isotherm that best describes the process is the Freundlich isotherm, with constants Kf and n 0.27 and 2.85 respectively, indicating for a multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous sites. The type of sawdust turned out to be crucial in the amount of phenol removal. Among the sawdust types studied, oak sawdust exhibits the highest phenol adsorption capacity, followed by fir, maple, pine, and beech
The Impact of integrating the history of science into life science teaching of viruses on students\u27 comprehension of microbiology concepts
No full textUnderstanding microbiology, especially viruses, is pivotal in life science education, shaping students\u27 comprehension of scientific principles. Incorporating the history of science into life science lessons, particularly focusing on viruses, holds immense importance in enhancing students\u27 understanding of microbiology concepts in schools situated in rural areas like Kwa-Dlagazwa, South Africa. The significance lies in the scarcity of educational resources in such regions, making it crucial to employ innovative yet cost-effective methods to enrich learning experiences. This study sets out to create a more welcoming and captivating environment for science education, aiming to make the complexities of virology and microbiology more relatable and engaging for learners. The study was guided by two hypotheses and a sample of fifty (50) 10th-grade life science learners and ten (10) life science teachers, selected through simple random techniques from public schools in Kwa-Dlangezwa. Data collection utilized class tests and closed-ended questionnaires, which were analyzed using SPSS version 13. The results indicated that the null hypothesis (H0) for the pre-test was not rejected, with p > 0.05 in both instances. This suggests that there is no significant difference in students\u27 understanding of microbiology concepts between those exposed to life science teaching of viruses with the integration of the history of science and those taught using traditional methods at the pre-test stage. As a recommendation, it is proposed that students be introduced to the captivating life stories of scientists who delved into the unexplored realms of virology, enhancing their engagement with the subject matter
The Essence of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Ghana\u27s Mental Health Act, 2012 (Act 846): A Survey in Mental Healthcare and Negligence Issues
No full textThis study analyzes the adequacy of Ghana\u27s Mental Health Act in governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental healthcare and the protections against negligence. Through a comprehensive legal analysis and review of the Act’s provisions, alongside an examination of scholarly literature on AI use risks and benefits, negligence standards, and barriers to negligence claims, several gaps were identified. The Act lacks binding regulations on transparent AI use and liability measures necessary to protect patients. Additionally, the interpretation of negligence standards varies across different regions, and significant social barriers deter the pursuit of claims. This research represents an early legal analysis of AI oversight in the Ghanaian mental healthcare context and introduces a novel framework for assessing barriers to accessibility in negligence claims related to AI use. The findings can inform policy reforms concerning AI use standards and liability in mental healthcare and provide evidence to improve access to justice in mental health-related negligence cases. Recommendations include enacting stringent privacy and consent requirements for AI systems, standardizing minimum care duties across healthcare facilities, removing unreasonable claim caps, and funding access to legal representation. While the Mental Health Act has established some foundational protections, significant gaps remain regarding emerging risks associated with AI use in mental healthcare. Addressing these gaps through comprehensive updates is essential for enhancing both AI regulation and negligence protections
Measurement and Analysis of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure: Impacts on Human Health - A Case Study
No full textThe rapid development of wireless technology, such as the fifth generation (5G) of communication networks, has made radio frequency radiation (RFR) an integral part of our daily lives. However, there is growing concern about the potential harm that 5G might pose to human health. While concerns related to 5G, including those fuelled by rumours during the COVID-19 pandemic and statements by the ITU at that time, have garnered attention, this paper approaches the issue from a scientific perspective. Wireless networks, including data networks and LANs, are ubiquitous in modern life, making it impossible to avoid exposure to RFR. Several international regulatory authorities oversee radio regulation, planning, and standards to ensure that RFR exposure remains within safe limits. By adhering to standards set by the ITU-R, it is possible to minimize risks from radio emissions, thereby protecting both the environment and public health in cases involving mobile service providers (MSPs), multimedia, television and radio broadcasting, radar, and more. The primary goal of this study is to verify that RFR exposure to humans remains within acceptable limits. Additionally, this research aims to conduct a series of RFR measurements in various locations, focusing on densely populated and sensitive areas such as hospitals, public squares, facilities, schools, and kindergartens. The study\u27s key recommendations will support experts and decision- makers in implementing safety measures to protect both the environment and community health
Challenges and Opportunities in Territorial Planning: A Case Study of Tirana, Albania
No full textAlbania has undergone significant economic, political, and social transformations over the past three decades, leading to profound changes in land use and territorial planning. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable territorial planning in Albania, with a focus on Tirana. It highlights the impact of land privatization, agricultural fragmentation, and regulatory weaknesses on sustainable development. Drawing on international best practices, the study explores how Albania can adapt advanced technologies, strengthen regulatory frameworks, and foster inter-institutional cooperation to address these challenges. The findings emphasize the importance of community involvement and tailored strategies to achieve sustainable territorial planning and improve the quality of life for citizens