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Inclusive by design: Developing Barrier-Free Authentication for Blind and Low Vision Users through the ALIAS Project
No full textInternational audienceAuthentication is the cornerstone of information security in our daily lives. However, disabled users such as Blind and Low-Vision (BLV) ones are left behind in digital services due to the lack of accessibility. According to the World Health Organization, 36 million people are blind worldwide. It is estimated that there will be 115 million by 2050, due to the ageing of the population. Yet accessing digital services has become increasingly essential. At the same time, cyber threats targeting individuals have also increased strongly in the last few years. The ALIAS project addresses the need for accessible digital authentication solutions for BLV users facing challenges with digital technology. Security systems can inhibit access for these individuals as they become more complex. This project aims to create a barrier-free authentication system based on cognitive ergonomics and user experience (UX) design methods specifically for BLV users. This paper presents an overview of current research in this area. We also identify research gaps, and finally, we present our project's methodology and approach. First, we will build a knowledge base on the digital practices and cognitive models of BLV users during authentication. This information will support the development of prototypes, which will be tested and refined through two iterations before finalizing the operational version
A Cartesian Parallel Mechanism for Initial Sonography Training
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents the development and analysis of a novel 6-DOF Cartesian parallel mechanism intended for use as a haptic device for initial sonography training. The system integrates a manipulator designed for delivering force feedback in five degrees of freedom; however, in the current stage, only mechanical architecture and kinematic validation have been conducted. Future enhancements will focus on implementing and evaluating closed-loop force control to enable complete haptic feedback. To assess the kinematic performance of the mechanism, a detailed kinematic model was developed, and both the Kinematic Conditioning Index (KCI) and Global Conditioning Index (GCI) were computed to evaluate the system's dexterity. A trajectory simulation was conducted to validate the mechanism's movement, using motion patterns typical in sonography procedures. Quasistatic analysis was performed to study the transmission of force and torque for generating realistic haptic feedback, critical for simulating real-life sonography. The simulation results showed consistent performance, with dexterity and torque distribution confirming the suitability of the mechanism for haptic applications in sonography training. Additionally, structural analysis verified the robustness of key components under expected loads. In order to validate the proposed design, the prototype was constructed using a combination of aluminum components and 3D-printed ABS parts, with Igus ® linear guides for precise motion. The outcomes of this study provide a foundation for the further development of a low-cost, effective sonography training system
Efficacy and Safety of NFL-101 as a Smoking Cessation Therapy: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial CESTO2
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Tobacco addiction remains a major public health challenge. Existing smoking cessation treatments require prolonged daily use with potentially poor adherence and reduced efficacy.Methods: The phase II study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a one-year follow-up to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of NFL-101 as a potential aid for smoking cessation. 318 adult daily smokers were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of NFL-101-100 μg, NFL-101-200 μg or placebo on Day1 and Day8. The primary outcome was 6-week post-quit 28-day continuous abstinence (CA, Day15-Day43), validated by exhaled CO.Results: CO verified 6-week post-quit CA was: NFL-101-100 μg: 31/108(28.7%), 200 μg: 23/109(21.1%), and placebo: 18/101(17.8%). NFL-101-100 μg vs placebo, RR = 1.61, p=.063, and 200 μg vs placebo RR = 1.18, p=.5492). CA, when urinary cotinine was used, was: 26/108(24.1%) for NFL-101-100 μg, 18/109(16.5%) for 200 μg and 13/101(12.9%) for placebo. NFL-101-100 μg vs placebo showed an RR = 1.87, 95%CI:1.02-3.44, p=.0378 and 200 μg vs placebo was RR = 1.28, 95%CI:0.66-2.48, p=.4572. If individuals who used NRTs/e-cigarettes were classified as non-abstinent, then 29/108(26.9%) were abstainers for NFL-101-100 μg and 14/101(13.9%) for placebo (p=.0203). NFL-101-100 μg RR remained stable between 28-day and 12-month. At Day43, NFL-101-100 μg reduced craving (p<.05), with no significant difference for withdrawal symptoms. Abstainers experienced greater increases in anti-NFL-101-IgG concentrations compared to nonabstainers (p<.009). NFL-101 was well-tolerated.Conclusions: Although the pre-specified primary endpoint was not statistically significant, if the primary outcome had been defined as nicotine abstinence, the results would have reached statistical significance. Efficacy, craving reduction and minimal dosing regimen of NFL-101-100 μg support its potential as a promising smoking cessation therapy.Implications: In this multicenter randomized clinical trial that included 318 smokers, effect sizes between groups were sufficiently large to suggest a meaningful clinical effect. NFL-101 at a dose of 100 μg increased 6-week post-quit 28-day continuous smoking abstinence that was confirmed by urinary cotinine concentrations and reduced craving, suggesting psychological benefits that could mitigate relapse risks. Abstainers experienced a significant increase in anti-NFL-101 IgG concentrations compared to those who continued to smoke.Findings from the present study offer support for an entirely new category of treatment that acts through immune modulation. Additional strengths include a subcutaneous route of administration in the form of two injections spaced a week apart (thus, enhances treatment adherence) and has demonstrated a safe profile with minimal adverse effects. These results support a follow up Phase III clinical trial.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04571216
Design study and high-fidelity numerical analysis of an annular ejector integrated with a Rotating Detonation Combustor
No full textInternational audienceIn an effort to enable the integration of a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) in a gas turbine engine, adding an annular ejector downstream of the RDC is an actively studied concept. However, annular ejector design, operating conditions, internal physics and the impact on cycle performance have not been studied in much detail in previous work. This study investigates an annular ejector using 2D Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations for preliminary design and a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) to account for the RDC unsteadiness. The design study based on 2D RANS revealed that a minimum secondary flow passage and a relatively long constant-area mixing chamber reduce pressure losses. The obtained configuration was then implemented in a LES, where RDC-like inflow conditions were considered. Results showed that the mixing chamber remained predominantly subsonic, and that the mixing process is terminated upstream of the diffuser entry. Employing entropy generation, the large majority of losses were found to concentrate in the shear layer, and thermal losses were determined as the highest contribution to the overall loss budget. Based on a simplified thermodynamic cycle calculation, installing the ejector worsened global performance with respect to an optimal reference cycle. On the other hand, the absolute Mach number, the total temperature distortion and the total pressure fluctuations were reduced considerably across the ejector. The entrainment ratio was identified as a crucial parameter controlling the performance tradeoff between loss generation and turbine inlet flow characteristics
Written Production in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Systematic Review from a Lifespan Perspective
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: While previous studies and reviews have investigated writing skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few have explored how their strengths and weaknesses evolve across the lifespan, which is the focus of our paper. Specifically, we examined how theoretical models explain differences in the motor and cognitive components of written production between autistic and non-autistic (NA) individuals from a lifespan perspective.Method: We conducted a systematic literature review of experimental studies published between January 2000 and December 2023, identified through ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they were experimental, published in peer-reviewed journals, focused on written production through a writing task, and assessed participants with an ASD diagnosis without co-occurring intellectual disability. A qualitative assessment of study quality was conducted to reduce bias. The characteristics and main findings of each study were analyzed, with a focus on the motor and cognitive components of written production. Our analysis spanned the lifespan, encompassing children, adolescents, and adults.Results: Findings from 36 studies indicated that the written production of autistic individuals exhibits specificities at each stage of their lives. When challenges are observed, they can often be attributed to reduced productivity and/or lower content quality.Conclusion: Based on cross-sectional studies, the developmental trajectory of writing appears to differ between some autistic and NA individuals. The results are discussed in light of theoretical models of ASD
Défi c0d1ngUP : Fabrique de spores et solution du chiffrement Cybermen Dalek
No full textNational audienceLe nouveau défi que nous vous proposons provient de l’édition 2024 de c0d1ngUP et s’intitule Fabrique de spores. Le thème de l’édition était X-Files et vous accompagnerez donc Dana Scully. Cette fois encore, le texte du défi est exactement celui qui a été proposé lors du challenge c0d1ngUP 2024 (d’où la présence de quelques précisions qu’il ne serait pas nécessaire d’apporter aux lecteurs de 1024)
Short CIAFU recommendations on the screening and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Immunosuppression refers to a functional or quantitative reduction in immune defenses, resulting in a diminished ability to combat microbial pathogens. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of severe infections, associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. In routine clinical practice, urine cultures are often performed systematically in patients considered at risk of infection, regardless of urinary symptoms, with the aim of detecting and subsequently treating potential asymptomatic bacteriuria. This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of screening for and potentially treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised individuals.Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Medline, without restrictions on language or year of publication. This was complemented by an exploration of the scientific grey literature, including expert reports and guidelines from professional societies. Studies were selected using the following keywords: antibiotic treatment, urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, immunodeficiency, diabetes, renal transplant, neurogenic bladder, cirrhosis, pregnancy, and antimicrobial resistance. All abstracts and full-text articles were reviewed. The synthesis of the findings was subsequently evaluated by members of the CIAFU expert committee, who formulated the most consensual recommendation possible.Results: Across the reviewed literature, no clear benefit was identified in screening for or treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients.Conclusion: It is not recommended to screen for or treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients, except in specific, well-established scenarios. Treating asymptomatic bacteriuria does not reduce infection risk; rather, it increases the likelihood of adverse effects and contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance, with its associated morbidity and mortality.Introduction: L’immunodépression, est la réduction des défenses immunitaires et donc l’incapacité à se défendre vis-à-vis d’un microorganisme. Les patients immunodéprimés ont un risque accru d’infections graves avec une morbi-mortalité plus importante. En pratique courante, des ECBU sont réalisés à titre systématique, en dehors de toute symptomatologie urinaire, chez ces patients jugés à risque infectieux, dans le but de dépister puis traiter une éventuelle colonisation urinaire. L’objectif de ce travail était de statuer sur l’intérêt de dépister et éventuellement traiter la colonisation urinaire chez les patients considérés comme immunodéprimés.Matériels et méthodes: Une recherche bibliographique a été effectué sur Pubmed et Medline sans exclusion du langage ou de l’année de publication, associée à une recherche dans la littérature grise scientifique (rapports d’experts et de sociétés savantes). Nous avons sélectionné les études en utilisant les mots clés antibiotic treatment, urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, immunodeficiency, diabetes, renal transplant, neurogenic bladder, cirrhosis, pregnancy, antimicrobial resistance. L’ensemble des résumés et articles ont été analysés. La synthèse de l’analyse a été revue par des membres du comité d’experts du CIAFU proposant la recommandation la plus consensuelle possible.Résultats: Dans les articles étudiés, l’intérêt à dépister ou traiter une colonisation urinaire chez les patients immunodéprimés n’a pas été mis en évidence.Conclusion: Au total, il est recommandé de ne pas dépister ni traiter une colonisation urinaire chez le patient immunodéprimé en dehors des situations déjà décrites. Traiter une bactériurie asymptomatique ne permet pas de réduire le risque infectieux mais présente au contraire un risque d’effets indésirables et contribue à l’aggravation de l’antibiorésistance et de la morbi-mortalité liée à celle-ci
Effet de la menace du stéréotype liée au vieillissement sur la capacité d'adaptation stratégique en mémoire épisodique en fonction de la difficulté de la tâche
No full textInternational audienc
Psychological and Behavioral Aspects and System Dynamics: Insights from Exercises Using a Cyber Range
No full textAs part of the Springer Nature SharedIt initiative, you can now publicly share a full-text view-only version of your paper by using the link https://rdcu.be/eMiu7International audienceIn recent years, the popularity of cyber exercises has significantly increased, positioning them as essential activities for the development of technical skills related to the detection, mitigation, and response to cyber incidents. However, to date, most of these procedures have focused primarily on building technical competencies and have been designed exclusively for expert cybersecurity audiences, neglecting their potential application in training novice and non-technical teams. This paper aims to address these gaps by presenting an overview of cyber exercises oriented toward the development of both strategic and technical competencies for cyber crisis management. By considering the evaluation of psychological variables such as mental workload, situational awareness, and presence as well as behavioral indicators, this article offers a critical reflection on the design and content of such exercises
