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Éléments d'analyse sociologique de la violence d'État
No full textInternational audienceDès sa reconnaissance comme discipline académique, la sociologie s’intéresse à l’État, notamment en étudiant les logiques socio-historiques de sa formation. Si l’identification par Max Weber du monopole étatique de la violence physique légitime est aujourd’hui relativement connue, Weber et d’autres sociologues montrent que la violence d’État ne se limite pas à la coercition physique, mais s’exerce, à travers les institutions que l’État contrôle (avec bien sûr des variations suivant les époques et les sociétés) sur l’ensemble des dispositions de ses administrés, y compris leurs catégories de pensée. « Quand on croit penser l’État, écrit Bourdieu, on est encore pensé par lui ». Cette conférence rappellera l’intérêt d’objectiver les aspects les plus symboliques, donc les plus inaperçus – mais pas les moins efficaces – de la violence étatique
Study of fluid-particle-fiber interactions within an electric filter media: dissociation of collection mechanisms' effects
No full textInternational audienceAir pollution is a longstanding problem, extending back to the era of the industrial revolution. However, despite its antiquity, it is still a current concern because of its impact on preserving the environment, health and the existence of living species. Electric filter media are widely mentioned in the literature as an effective air purification method. Particle collection using this method operates by various capture mechanisms, influenced by a number of filtration parameters. In this paper, our primary aim is to identify parameters influencing collection efficiency, focusing on the effects of grids voltage and polarity, as well as air flow rate. Results have shown that a reduction in air flow rate and an increase in voltage magnitude enhance the collection efficiency. However, the effect of the voltage polarity is negligible. This study highlights the relationship between these filtration parameters and collection efficiency, providing essential insights to understand electrical capture mechanisms
Paroles au féminin : étude des représentations linguistiques dans le cinéma français, des années 30 à aujourd’hui
No full textInternational audienceDans le cinéma français, l’évolution du langage des femmes à l’écran, des années 30 à nos jours, est bien plus qu’une simple narration linguistique. Cette exploration examine l’impact du statut social sur la représentation linguistique des personnages féminins, des dames aristocratiques aux héroïnes contemporaines. Les différentes strates sociales laissent une empreinte distinctive sur le discours des femmes. Les stéréotypes et clichés imprègnent souvent la représentation linguistique des femmes au cinéma, allant du langage sophistiqué des élites aux expressions décontractées des héroïnes contemporaines. Les choix lexicaux et la syntaxe sont également scrutés. Cette étude offre une plongée captivante dans le langage cinématographique des femmes, explorant les liens entre le statut social, les stéréotypes, le lexique et la syntaxe pour révéler les multiples facettes de la représentation linguistique féminine au sein du septième art français
New corona-electrostatic separator with two coaxial vertical cylindrical electrodes for sorting conductors and non-conductors from granular mixtures
No full textInternational audienceA major advance in the recycling of conductive and non-conductive materials contained in granular mixtures originating from industrial waste has been achieved thanks to the development of an innovative corona-electrostatic separator. The aim of this paper is to prove that the new device, equipped with two coaxial vertical cylindrical electrodes, offers a reliable and efficient solution for the selective sorting of copper and plastics from shredded small electrical cables waste. Careful control of operating parameters, such as voltage and air flow, is crucial to achieving optimum separation. Experiments conducted according to the response surface modeling methodology have shown that using a voltage of 30 kV and a flow rate of 1690 m3/min gives the highest recovery rates (beyond 90% for both products) and at purity levels of roughly 80% for plastics and 98% for copper. Further testing under various environmental conditions is recommended to assess the robustness of the electrostatic separation process
Cold and longevity: Can cold exposure counteract aging?
No full textInternational audienceAging is a multifaceted biological process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions and heightened vulnerability to diseases, shaped by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Among these, cold exposure has garnered interest for its potential anti-aging benefits. This review examines the impact of cold exposure on aging, focusing on key physiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic regulation, and cardiovascular health. Cold exposure has been shown to reduce chronic inflammation, enhance antioxidant defenses, and improve metabolic health by activating brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, findings from hibernating mammals and model organisms suggest a connection between lower environmental temperatures and increased longevity. However, the potential long-term health risks of extended cold exposure, particularly in older adults, remain a significant concern. Epidemiological studies reveal increased rates of mortality and morbidity in populations living in cold climates, emphasizing the complexity of the relationship between cold exposure and aging. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the longterm effects of cold exposure on aging and to establish guidelines for leveraging its benefits while mitigating cold-induced risks
Investigate the contribution of natural convection to the complex temperature distribution in a thermoacoustic core using experiments
No full textInternational audienceThis study focuses on the influences of natural convection on the temperature distribution in a compact thermoacoustic coaxial heat pump. The behaviour of this device is quite consistent with results of Rott's linear theory of thermoacoustics, but early measurements reveal a non-uniformity of the temperature along the transverse dimension of the core, as well as nonlinear axial temperature profiles. To investigate the contribution of natural convection on these temperature distributions, a hanging system allowing the device to be rotated around 2 axes is implemented. For each configuration, temperature at various locations in the thermoacoustic core is recorded using an array of 3 × 5 thermocouples, and heat balance in the core is performed. All the experimental data are analysed to provide a better understanding of the heat flows in the device.</div
Le difficile « passage à travers le miroir » ou l'expérience désenchantée en baccalauréat professionnel Conduite et gestion de l'entreprise hippique (CGEH)
No full textWritten performance operating units: Linguistic and behavioral markers
No full textThe aim of this special issue of Journal of Writing Research, “Written performance operating units: Linguistic and behavioral markers”, is to help unravel the rules and layout regularities that structure language flow in a formally and semantically valid text, and the combinatorial strategies used by writers in various contexts and discourse genres. For example…— What types of units constitute the linguistic material for writing and rewriting?— What linguistic categories better qualify for grasping this material, or do we need instead to construct/craft new categories?— How do deleted and embedded sequences interact with production bursts through the textualization process?— Can we identify projection or priming relations, observe routine sequences/combinations of events or contents, check the regular segmentation of written performance units?Answering these and other related questions is crucial for a better understanding of the textualization process, since texts as a product constitute the result of processes that work out written performance operating units.*****Table des matières— Introduction to the Special Issue | Operating units in written language performance: Linguistic and behavioral perspectives – Georgeta Cislaru, Claire Doquet, Thierry Olive, p. 359-375— Linguistic and behavioral alignment in writing: A scoping review – Olena Vasylets, Javier Marín, p. 377-406— Pauses during a writing process in two typologically different languages – Ilmari Ivaska, Outi Toropainen, Sinikka Lahtinen, p. 407-433— Clitic subjects as landmarks in the writing production process: A study based on a keylog-derived corpus of writing bursts – Quentin Feltgen, Florence Lefeuvre, p. 435-462— Sentence-centric modeling of the writing process – Malgorzata Anna Ulasik, Cerstin Mahlow, Michael Piotrowski, p. 463-498— Written performance indicators from experienced creative writers – Jason Wirtz, p. 499-520— Units of linguistic analysis in written production: From the case of enunciative irruptions – Rudolf Mahrer, Giovanni Zuccarino, p. 521-53
Consensus for a postoperative atlas of sinonasal substructures from a modified Delphi study to guide radiotherapy in sinonasal malignancies
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Sinonasal and skull base tumor surgery-related morbidity has been reduced by the use of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS). Postoperative radiation therapy (poRT) requires precise definition of target volumes. To enhance the accuracy of poRT planning, histological and radiological correlations are necessary to locate the tumor attachment on poRT CT scans. An accurate atlas of structures resected or identified during EESBS could serve for the interdisciplinary postoperative management of patients, personalizing poRT by adequate radiation dose delivery. The objective of this study was to achieve a consensual segmentation atlas on CT scan with surgeons practicing EESBS and radiation oncologists. Methods: The sinonasal structures relevant for poRT of sinonasal malignancies were determined by a two-round Delphi process. A rating group of 25 European experts in sinonasal malignancies was set up. Consensual structures emerged and were used to determine the anatomical limits of the retained structures to draft an atlas with expert based relevant structures. The atlas was then critically reviewed, discussed, and edited by another 2 skull base surgeons and 2 radiation oncologists. Results: After the two rating rounds, 46 structures obtained a strong agreement, 7 an agreement, 5 were rejected and 5 did not reach consensus. The atlas integrating all the selected structures is presented attached. Conclusion: Consensual segmentation atlas on CT scan might allow, through careful poRT planning to limit the morbidity of poRT while maintaining good local control. Prospective studies are necessary to validate this potential precision medicine-based approach
Impact of the EECO on mammalian faunas: New Ypresian localities from Montpellier (France), a multidisciplinary approach
No full textInternational audienceAn integrative chronological study on a new terrestrial sedimentary sequence north of Montpellier (southern France) yields an age ranging from 52.1 to 49.7 Ma. This sequence contains three new mammalian fossil localities, for the first time described in this study, and is associated with the nearby specifically rich site of Mas de Gimel (MP10 -European Mammalian Paleogene Reference Scale [MP]). This study constrains the age of the Grauvian ELMA [European Land Mammal Age] with respect to the geological time scale, suggesting that it is more contemporary with the EECO (Early Eocene Climatic Optimum) than previously considered, and in particular with the period of High Amplitude Climate Fluctuations. These new faunas and data allow us to discuss the relevance of the European Mammalian Paleogene Reference Scale [MP] and to propose new continental biozones for the late Ypresian. It also demonstrates that the late Neustrian fauna (MP8 + 9) is contemporary with the onset of the EECO and that there may be several late-and post-EECO faunas in southern France. Our study moreover suggests phases of diversification during the warm periods, and extinction during the cooling, as observed in North America. Future refined dating of the European fossil localities of this key period will help to discuss the impact of global warming on mammalian communities in the frame of further intercontinental comparisons.Une étude chronologique intégrative d'une nouvelle séquence sédimentaire terrestre au nord de Montpellier (sud de la France) fournit un âge compris entre 52,1 et 49,7 Ma. Cette séquence contient trois nouveaux gisements fossilifères de mammifères, décrits pour la première fois dans cette étude, et est associée au site particulièrement riche du Mas de Gimel (MP10 — Échelle de référence du Paléogène des mammifères européens [MP]). Cette étude contraint l'âge de l'ELMA [Âge des mammifères terrestres européens] du Grauvien par rapport à l'échelle des temps géologiques, suggérant qu'il est plus contemporain de l'EECO (Optimum climatique de l'Éocène inférieur) que ce qui était envisagé précédemment, et en particulier de la période des fluctuations climatiques de haute amplitude. Ces nouvelles faunes et données nous permettent de discuter de la pertinence de l'Échelle de référence du Paléogène des mammifères européens [MP] et de proposer de nouvelles biozones continentales pour l'Yprésien supérieur. Elle démontre également que la faune neustrienne tardive (MP8 + 9) est contemporaine du début de l'EECO et qu'il pourrait exister plusieurs faunes tardives et post-EECO dans le sud de la France. Notre étude suggère par ailleurs des phases de diversification pendant les périodes chaudes et d'extinction pendant le refroidissement, comme observé en Amérique du Nord. Une datation plus précise des sites fossilifères européens de cette période clé permettra d'analyser l'impact du réchauffement climatique sur les communautés de mammifères dans le cadre de comparaisons intercontinentales ultérieures