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Towards a Model of Transcultural Encoding of Ancient Epigraphic Sources
No full textInternational audienceThis diaporama presents the work of the 5A cluster, "TEI and Epigraphy", within the Biblissima+ consortium (Observatory of Written Cultures, from Clay to Print). In order to better capture the semantic interrelations between artefacts, images, and texts in epigraphic sources from Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Gaul, and the Middle Ages, we have developed an integrated digital environment. This environment combines a generic XML/TEI/EpiDoc template (GenEpiTemplate) with a structured multilingual thesaurus (GenEpiTheso), both accessible through a dedicated web-based editorial platform.Biblissima+ provides a digital library and research infrastructure designed to support the study of the transmission of texts from Antiquity to the Modern era. As part of its broader scholarly objectives, the consortium initiated the integration of epigraphic data. An interdisciplinary team — comprising epigraphers working across diverse cultural and chronological contexts, together with specialists in Digital Humanities — was assembled to investigate unified methods of data representation. This cross-cultural approach contributes to refining the conceptual definition of the epigraphic document, emphasising its material, graphic, and iconographic dimensions.The initial aim of the cluster was to establish a shared editorial template for its various projects, all of which rely upon thestandards of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and EpiDoc. Although a core model was rapidly identified, the first versionrevealed a number of limitations. Through comparative analysis of existing encoding practices, we developed an enriched and fully annotated template, extending EpiDoc with a broader range of TEI elements to accommodate a more extensive corpus of epigraphic material.Concurrently, we developed a multilingual thesaurus, organised into seven thematic domains (artefact, material, text, language, script, production, and field of study). Each entry is accompanied by definitions, translations, and conceptual alignments, and is managed using the open-source platform Opentheso.Both the encoding template and thesaurus are now accessible via the PETRAE portal and have been integrated into thePATRIMONIVM editor — an eXist-db application developed by the Ausonius Institute — facilitating the online editing ofXML/TEI-EpiDoc encoded inscriptions. The platform is further connected to a Zotero library (GenEpiBiblio), which consolidates essential bibliographic references across the principal domains of epigraphic research
High-cycle fatigue life improvement of a PtAl-coated third-generation Ni-based single-crystal superalloy after thermal exposure
No full textInternational audienceThe as-deposited coating–substrate microstructure has been identified to substantially influence the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of Ni-based single-crystal (SX) superalloys at 900°C, but the impact of degraded microstructure on the HCF behavior remains unclear. In this work, a PtAl-coated third-generation SX superalloy with sheet specimen was thermal-exposed at 1100°C with different durations and then subjected to HCF tests at 900°C. The influence of microstructural degradation on the HCF life and crack initiation were clarified by analyzing the development of microcracks and coating–substrate microstructure. Notably, the HCF life of the thermal-exposed coated alloy increased abnormally, which was attributed to the transformation of the fatigue crack initiation site from surface microcracks to internal micropores compared to the as-deposited coated alloy. Although the nucleation and growth of surface microcracks occurred along the grain boundaries in the coating and the interdiffusion zone (IDZ) for both the as-deposited and the thermal-exposed coated alloys, remarkable differences of the microcrack growth into the substrate adjacent to the IDZ were observed, changing the crack initiation site. Specifically, the surface microcracks grew into the substrate through the cracking of the non-protective oxide layers in the as-deposited coated alloy. In comparison, the hinderance of the surface microcracks growth was found in the thermal-exposed coated alloy, due to the formation of a protective Al2O3 layer within the microcrack and the γ′ rafting in the substrate close to the IDZ. This study will aid in improving the HCF life prediction model for the coated SX superalloys
Rhythm training improves word-reading in children with dyslexia
No full textInternational audienceSpecific learning disorder with reading deficit (SLD-reading), or dyslexia, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Intensive training with reading specialists is recommended, but delayed access to care is common. In this study, we tested an innovative user-friendly and accessible intervention, the medical device Mila-Learn, which is a video game based on cognitive and rhythmic training to improve phonological and reading ability. This randomized placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154721) included children aged 7 to 11 y/o with SLD-reading. The children were in 2nd to 5th grade and had been in school for more than 3 years. The exclusion criteria were reading or writing remediation during the past 12 months, previous use of Mila-Learn, and severe chronic illness. The patients, who were all native French speakers, were recruited from throughout France and were randomly assigned to Mila-Learn or a matched-placebo game for an 8-week training. The primary variable was nonword decoding. The secondary variables included phonological skills, 2-min word-reading accuracy and speed, grapheme-to-phoneme conversion skills, and self-esteem. Between September 2021 and April 2023, 151 children were assigned to Mila-Learn (n = 75; male = 36; female = 39) or the placebo (n = 76; male = 42; female = 34). We registered 39 adverse events; only one was due to the protocol and was in the placebo group. We found no differences between the groups in nonword decoding in the intention-to-treat (N = 151; p = 0.39) or per-protocol analysis (N = 93; p = 0.21). However, the per-protocol analysis revealed the superiority of Mila-Learn over the placebo by 5.05 score points (95% CI 0.21; 10.3, p < 0.05) for 2-minute word-reading accuracy and by 5.44 score points (95% CI 0.57; 10.99, p < 0.05) for 2-min word-reading speed. We found no other significant effects. Mila-Learn is safe for children with SLD-reading who might benefit from this medical device
The Pathophysiological Functions of Heparanases: From Evolution, Structural and Tissue‐Specific Perspectives
No full textInternational audienceHeparanase 1 (HPSE1) is a unique endoglycosidase responsible for the enzymatic cleavage of heparan sulfate, thereby playing important functions in cancer processes. In contrast, the structurally related Heparanase 2 (HPSE2) lacks catalytic activity and appears to counteract HPSE1 activities. However, contradictory observations in various pathologies highlight the need for a better understanding of the respective contributions of both heparanases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive resource about the biology of HPSE1 and HPSE2 based on findings from different mouse models, with an emphasis on immune cells and their involvement in skin pathophysiology. In addition, we explore the evolutionary relationships between the two heparanases and describe the structure–function of HPSE2 using the advanced protein‐prediction tool AlphaFold 3 (AF3). These approaches unveil new insights for deciphering the functional molecular determinants that distinguish HPSE1 from HPSE2
Large-Scale Real-World Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Liver Transplantation: Impact of Bayesian Dose Adjustment
No full textInternational audienceBackground - Mycophenolate mofetil is widely used in liver transplantation but poses dosing challenges owing to the narrow therapeutic window and high pharmacokinetic variability of its active moiety, mycophenolic acid (MPA). Overexposure increases the risk of adverse effects, whereas underexposure increases the risk of rejection and graft loss. The ImmunoSuppressant Bayesian Dose Adjustment (ISBA) platform estimates the MPA area under the curve (AUC)0-12h using 3 post-dose samples (20 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours) and provides dose recommendations to target an AUC0-12h of 30-60 mg·h/L. The aim of this study was to describe the MPA AUC0-12h and assess the impact of ISBA-guided dose adjustments. Methods - MPA concentrations were measured at each visit, and AUCs were estimated in real time during routine clinical follow-up. All data collected from liver-transplant recipients aged ≥18 years from October 2005 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Dosing recommendations were adjusted proportionally to reach the AUC target of 45 mg.h/L. Results - A total of 3632 requests involving 1872 patients were analyzed, making this the largest real-world cohort of this population reported to date. Among them, 658 patients benefited from at least 2 successive dose adjustments, allowing for a comparison between the results obtained without any prior use of the online platform and those obtained after the first visit (AUC of the second visit). At the first visit (before any dose recommendation) during the first year after transplantation, the median AUC0-12h (interquartile range) was 27 (16-39) mg·h/L (n = 422). After dose adjustment recommendation, the median AUC0-12h increased significantly to 38 (30-49) mg·h/L (n = 205, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients within the therapeutic target range (30-60 mg.h/L) increased from 40% to 61% (+21%, P < 0.001). Conclusions - Many patients were underexposed to MPA before dose adjustment. The ISBA recommendations significantly improved target attainment rates
Reading Vertically Scrolling Texts: Impact of Agency on Text Comprehension
No full textInternational audienceBecause screen height limits display size, reading texts on a computer requires vertical scrolling using the mouse wheel. However, the cognitive processes involved in this type of reading are poorly understood. In our current experiment, we are investigating whether active text scrolling is beneficial for text comprehension by comparing the ability to answer questions about texts in a situation where they are moved by participants using the mouse wheel versus a situation where they automatically drift upwards. Participants’ eye movements and scrolling movements are recorded throughout the experiment. Mouse wheel control may have a cognitive cost that makes active scrolling more distracting for reading than passive text movement. However, moving text movement yourself may offset this cognitive cost and make active scrolling more effective than passive scrolling. Based on preliminary data, the latter seems the most likely outcome, but this may depend on the individual. Texts that drift upwards may trigger smooth pursuit eye movements depending on the experimental condition, as key differences have been reported between tracking a self-moved target and one moved externally. The results will be presented at the meeting
Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Patients With Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objectives: The therapeutic strategy in patients with late-onset MS (LOMS) remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both clinical and MRI outcomes between 2 cohorts of patients with relapsing-remitting LOMS treated or not yet treated.Methods: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS were included for the analysis if disease onset occurred after 55 years and if they had at least one follow-up visit. The primary outcome was time to first relapse between 2 matched groups of patients with LOMS (treated and not yet treated). Secondary outcomes were as follows: (1) time to first confirmed disability progression (CDP), (2) time to first progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) event, (3) time to secondary progression (SPMS), (4) time to first MRI activity, and (5) serious infection incidence rates (IIRs). For the comparative analyses, we adopted a time-dependent propensity score matching approach.Results: A total of 881 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) age at onset was 59.9 (4.43) years. After applying propensity score matching, 436 patients were matched. The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 5.2 (4.27) years in the treated group and 5.0 (3.86) years in the not-yet-treated group. Mean (SD) time to first relapse was significantly longer in the treated group compared with the not-yet-treated group (7.0 years [0.33] vs 5.4 years [0.33]; p = 0.001). Mean (SD) time to first MRI activity was significantly longer in the treated group (5.9 years [0.33] vs 5.0 years [0.33]; p = 0.049). However, the mean time to CDP, PIRA, or SPMS was not different between the 2 groups (difference = 0.32 years; p = 0.585 for CDP; difference = 0.40 years; p = 0.442 for PIRA; difference = -0.02 years; p = 0.952 for SPMS). No increase in serious IIRs was observed with an incidence rate ratio of 0.38 (95% CI 0.07-2.10, p = 0.265) in the never-treated group compared with the treated one.Discussion: This study demonstrates a beneficial effect of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) on disease activity in patients with LOMS but without significant impact on disability progression. Main limitations are linked to the challenge of data collection and to the baseline imbalances between the 2 groups.Classification of evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that in patients with LOMS, treatment with DMTs is associated with a longer time to first relapse compared with those not treated with DMTs
Effect of particle electrostatic charge level on collection efficiency of an electric metal mesh filter
No full textInternational audienceThe effectiveness of filter media technique for air purification is no longer a matter of debate. However, the challenge now is to determine ways of optimizing particle-fiber interactions in order to achieve the optimal balance between particles collection efficiency and pressure drop across the filter. In this paper, we are particularly interested in interactions of an electrical nature, governed essentially by Coulomb, dielectrophoretic (DEP) and image forces. At first, we developed a special experimental protocol that enabled us to focus mainly on these interactions. Then, by controlling particle charge levels, we were able to dissociate the contribution of each force on collection efficiency and to explore parameters influencing them, such as particle and wire diameters, mesh size, inter-grid distance and electric field intensity within an Electric Metal Mesh Filter (EMMF). The results revealed that the contribution of Coulomb force to collection efficiency is the most important, particularly in the case of strong field and high charge level. The efficiency by DEP force increases with field intensity, particle diameter and decreasing fiber diameter, whereas the effect of inter-grid distance and mesh size were limited. As for image force, its impact on collection efficiency increases with particle charge, although it remains marginal