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Level Up: Raising the Skills of Adults in the United States and Other Countries
No full textPublished in the ETS Research Report SeriesIn an era of globally competitive and technology-driven societies, we are seeing a growing interest in developing a better understanding of the types of skills adults need to succeed both in the workplace and in everyday life. One large-scale comparative survey designed to inform that understanding is the OECD’s Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), a survey of adults ages 16-65 conducted in over 30 countries. PIAAC was designed for, and with, participating countries and represents a wide range of knowledge and skills that are required across a variety of adult contexts. The PIAAC data make it clear that adults with lower-level literacy and numeracy skills experience less favorable social, educational and labor market outcomes when compared with their more highly skilled cohorts. While some of those adults possess key foundational reading and numeracy skills, they would benefit from enhancing their skills so that they can more readily navigate, critically analyze, and problem solve in today’s data-intensive, complex digital environments. This report describes a project in which two groups of experts – one in the domain of literacy and the other in numeracy – conducted analyses of the PIAAC data with the goal of defining the knowledge and skills associated with various levels of proficiency in those domains. The key purpose of this work is to form a foundation for the development of strategic interventions to improve adult literacy and numeracy skills. The argument made herein is that the insights gained from these expert analyses into the skills needed to transition to higher levels of literacy and numeracy can be leveraged to create a coherent learning and assessment system that could significantly enhance the literacy and numeracy skills of various adult populations. Suggested citation: Kirsch, I., Lennon, M. L., Sands, A., with Rouet, J.-F., Britt, A., Richter, T., Tout, D., Hoogland, K., and Diez-Palomar, J. (2025). Level up: Raising the skills of adults in the United States and other countries (Research Report No. RR-25-04). ETS
Perspectivas cruzadas entre gestão social e valor público: convergências, tensões e complementaridades para o estudo da ação pública
No full textInternational audienc
Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Are We Missing Something? [Invited commentary]
No full textInternational audienceNo abstract
Aorta unveiled: the crucial role of imaging in diagnosing and managing aortic disease—a review
No full textInternational audienceAortic diseases, including aneurysmal and occlusive pathologies of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, represent a significant source of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This narrative review explores the role of modern and emerging imaging modalities in the management of aortic disease and highlights the pivotal roles of computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). CTA remains the cornerstone for evaluating aneurysms, dissections, and traumatic injuries, offering high spatial resolution, rapid acquisition, and detailed anatomical assessment. MRI, particularly with advanced sequences such as 4D flow, provides comprehensive multiparametric evaluation without radiation exposure, making it ideal for younger patients and those requiring repeat imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET), especially when integrated with CTA or MRI, enables metabolic characterization of inflammation and infection in aortic walls. Ultrasound, particularly CEUS, remains indispensable in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening and post-endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) surveillance, especially in patients with renal impairment. Emerging technologies, including hybrid imaging, radiomics, and artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping the landscape of aortic diagnostics. These innovations enhance detection of subtle imaging features, automate measurements, and may enable prediction of disease progression or complications
Lectures processuelles de la trajectoire pulsionnelle d'un auteur de violences domestiques. Perspectives thérapeutiques dans un environnement carcéral
No full textInternational audienceIn this article the author looks at the psychotherapeutic treatment of a patient imprisoned for acts of domestic violence. She describes how the inversion of the drive coordinates (in this case, hypercathecting thrust to the detriment of the aim, which is normally to reduce tension) can herald a surge in mastery, which is then difficult to contain within the ramparts of the therapeutic setting. The sensory dimension at work in the transference is mobilized to illustrate how withstanding mastery can perceptually serve to rehabilitate the aim to the detriment of the thrust. This reorganization of the drive coordinates serves to lower tension against the backdrop of a struggle against the loss of an object whose contours are already very precarious. While violent acting out may indeed be seen as a failure of symbolization, therapeutic work in prison seems to maintain in this restricted space the hallucinatory trace of the lost/found object in the transference. Capturing the object would illusorily circumscribe the risk, but it is precisely through the handling of the meaning and strength of the transference that the patient can be enabled to let go, thereby freeing the lost object, or rather its ghost, in favour of the experience of loss.Dans cet article, l'autrice examine le traitement psycho-thérapeutique d'un patient incarcéré pour des actes de violence domestique. Elle décrit comment l'inversion des coordonnées pulsionnelles (dans le cas présent, l'hyper-investissement de la poussée au détriment de son but qui sert normalement à réduire la tension) peut inaugurer d'une montée puissance de la maîtrise, qu'il est difficile alors de contrôler à l'intérieur des remparts du cadre thérapeutique. La dimension sensorielle à l'œuvre dans le transfert est mobilisée pour illustrer comment la résistance à cette domination peut servir de façon perceptive à réhabiliter le but au détriment de la poussée. Cette réorganisation des coordonnées pulsionnelles permet de diminuer la tension sur fond d'une lutte contre la perte d'un objet dont les contours sont déjà très fragiles. Tandis que les passages à l'acte violents peuvent être considérés comme un échec de la symbolisation, le travail thérapeutique en milieu carcéral semble pouvoir maintenir dans cet espace restreint la trace hallucinatoire de l'objet perdu/trouvé dans le transfert. La capture de l'objet pourrait de façon illusoire circonscrire le risque, mais c'est précisément grâce au maniement de la signification et de la force du transfert, que le patient peut parvenir à lâcher prise, libérant ainsi l'objet perdu ou plutôt son fantôme, au bénéfice de l'expérience de la perte
Short-term immobilization impairs direction programming and control of pointing movements
No full textInternational audienc
Effect of streaks on hypersonic boundary layer linear instability
No full textInternational audienceHypersonic boundary layers exhibit diverse transition pathways, influenced by various flow conditions and environments. Nonmodal mechanisms, such as the lift-up effect, are recognized as pivotal contributors to transition, particularly over complex geometries like rough walls or blunt forebodies. The lift-up mechanism generates streaks that alter the baseflow, resulting in a modulated boundary-layer profile with stability properties significantly different from that of the original profile, such that new unstable modes may arise. In this numerical study we study the impact of streaks on a hypersonic boundary-layer at Mach 6 over an adiabatic wall. Streaks are introduced in the baseflow by optimal disturbances at the inlet of the computational domain. These baseflows serve as the foundation for investigating the linear dynamics supported by a streaky boundary layer evolving over an adiabatic flat plate at Mach number M∞=6.0. Our analysis involves linearized direct numerical simulations using white-noise forcing, and locally parallel stability analysis combined with dedicated postprocessing that we use to characterize the observed linear dynamics. The data processing involves an efficient SPOD extension based on Floquet theory in wave number space. The results reveal rich linear dynamics, quite different from the baseline case without streaks. Notably, low-frequency first-mode instabilities and streak-supported instabilities dominate the growth mechanisms. The results reveal and clarify a stabilization of the second Mack mode by streaks of low to medium amplitude; and a destabilization of the first mode. The study illustrates the rich linear dynamics that can arise due to the growth of streaks and how multiple paths are available for the transition to turbulence
Une « culture psychologique » produisant des « je » isolés ? Usages réformateurs du registre « psy » par des travailleuses des services dans la sphère professionnelle et privée
No full textInternational audienc
Overexpression of the sugar transporter VvHT5 turns grapevine into a better host for Botrytis cinerea
No full textInternational audienceSugars are key modulators of plant–pathogen interactions, serving both as metabolic resources and as signaling molecules that influence defense outcomes. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera), the hexose transporter VvHT5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana STP13, is strongly induced during fungal infections, suggesting a role in defense-related sugar partitioning. Here, we examined the function of VvHT5 in grapevine susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Transgenic lines overexpressing VvHT5 were generated in two cultivars, Thompson Seedless and Chardonnay, and displayed increased sugar uptake in leaves. Upon B. cinerea inoculation, these lines exhibited enhanced lesion development and fungal proliferation, contrasting with the tolerance phenotype previously observed in A. thaliana expressing VvHT5. Dual RNA–seq analysis revealed that VvHT5 overexpression triggers a transcriptional landscape favoring carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall remodeling, and attenuation of defense responses, paralleled by upregulation of fungal genes involved in sugar acquisition and virulence. These results demonstrate that while VvHT5 contributes to restricting sugar availability to pathogens in Arabidopsis, its constitutive activation in grapevine enhances host suitability for B. cinerea. Our findings highlight the complexity of sugar-mediated interactions and underscore the importance of host context in determining the outcome of plant–pathogen competition for carbon resources.</i
Glycemic and renal effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Prader-Willi syndrome: Benefits and risks
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, but their efficacy and tolerance in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) remains unknown. Given the early onset of diabetes and treatment challenges, evaluating SGLT2is in this population is essential.Research and methods: In this retrospective, multicenter study, 48 adults with PWS and T2D, among whom 24 patients receiving SGLT2is, were followed over 6 months. Glycemic and renal parameters were analyzed at baseline and 6 months.Results: HbA1c was higher in the SGLT2i group and significantly improved (P < 0.05) while it remained stable in controls. The albumin-to-creatinine ratio also decreased significantly. No significant weight change was noted. Adverse events occurred in 37.5 % of treated patients, including acute kidney injury in 8.3 %.Conclusions: SGLT2is improve glycemic control and renal markers in PWS with no weight loss. Close safety monitoring is warranted, particularly regarding renal function in PWS and more generally towards all complex obesity with neurodevelopmental disorders