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Cristianos y Sarracenos, la comprensión de sí mismo a través del contraste en los cantares de gesta
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Étude de l’impact de la consommation de CBD durant la grossesse sur le développement fœtal : une revue systématique de la littérature
No full textINTRODUCTION Cannabidiol (CBD), recently popularized, has been increasingly consumed in France since its legalization. Pregnancy is a period of increased vulnerability, during which exposure to certain substances can have a significant impact on fetal development. Our study aims to evaluate the current state of knowledge on the effects of CBD use during pregnancy on the prenatal and postnatal development of the child. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the PUBMED and COCHRANE databases. Inclusion criteria included: pregnant women, cannabidiol use, and the evaluation of its impact on pregnancy outcomes as well as on the prenatal and postnatal development of the child. The two co-authors independently selected and analyzed the articles. The results were organized into three sections: effects on pregnancy outcomes, effects on the fetus and the neonatal period, and long-term effects. A secondary analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of CBD in vitro and in animal studies. Bias analysis was conducted for each included study. RESULTS After screening, 6 studies were selected for qualitative analysis, along with 7 in vitro studies and 23 animal studies for secondary analysis. Cannabidiol appears to affect fetal development (malformations, hormonal disruptions, immune system issues), but its effect on pregnancy outcomes remains uncertain. The included studies all present a low level of scientific evidence with significant biases. CONCLUSION This work highlights the potential harmful effects of CBD during pregnancy, while also revealing a lack of solid scientific data. The current findings, based on in vitro and animal studies, as well as their similarity to the effects of cannabis, justify the need for further research to clarify these impacts.INTRODUCTION : Le cannabidiol, récemment popularisé, connaît une consommation croissante en France depuis sa légalisation. La grossesse est une période de vulnérabilité accrue, où l'exposition à certaines substances peut avoir un impact significatif sur le développement du fœtus. Notre étude vise à évaluer l’état des connaissances sur les effets de l’utilisation du CBD pendant la grossesse sur le développement prénatal et postnatal de l’enfant. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature à partir des bases de données PUBMED et COCHRANE. Les critères d’inclusion comprennent : les femmes enceintes, la consommation de cannabidiol et l’évaluation de l’impact sur l'issue de la grossesse ainsi que sur le développement pré et postnatal de l’enfant. Les deux co-auteurs ont sélectionné et analysé les articles de façon indépendante. Les résultats ont été structurés en trois parties : effets sur l'issue de la grossesse, sur le fœtus et période néonatale, et à long terme. Une analyse secondaire a permis d’évaluer les effets du CBD in vitro et sur les animaux. L’analyse des biais a été effectuée pour chaque étude incluse. RÉSULTATS : Après tri, 6 études ont été retenues pour l’analyse qualitative, ainsi que 7 in vitro et 23 animales pour l’analyse secondaire. Le cannabidiol semble affecter le développement fœtal (malformations, perturbations hormonales, problèmes immunitaires) mais son effet sur l’issue de la grossesse reste incertain. Les études incluses présentent chacune un faible niveau de preuve scientifique avec des biais significatifs. CONCLUSION : Ce travail souligne les effets délétères possibles du CBD pendant la grossesse, tout en révélant un manque de données scientifiques solides. Les résultats actuels, provenant d'études in vitro et animales, ainsi que la similitude avec les effets du cannabis justifient la nécessité de recherches supplémentaires pour clarifier ces impacts
As-tu essayé la WIID ? À propos de la Warburg Institute Iconographic Database et de quelques bases de données italiennes
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PKPD modeling of the inoculum effect of combined ceftazidime/avibactam and colistin against KPC-3 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate
No full textInternational audienceThe inoculum effect (IE) characterizes a decrease in the antimicrobial effect of antibiotics with increasing inoculum. To face antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic combinations are progressively used. In this context, the effect of combination may be affected by IE, especially drugs for which an IE has been described. The objective was to characterize the IE of a carbapenemase (KPC-3) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate on the combination of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and colistin (CST). In vitro time-kill curves with single and combined drugs were performed at four different inocula. The IE of each drug was described using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, and interactions on IE were investigated with the general pharmacodynamic interaction model when drugs were combined. The IE was assessed by evaluating the significance of the parameters associated with the IE model compared to the no IE model and by comparing the CFU counts over time predicted with the IE model vs the no IE model. Rapid bacterial killing was observed at 104 CFU/mL. For both 5·105 and 107 CFU/mL inocula, initial decays followed by re-growth were observed with drugs alone, while the combination prevented the emergence of resistance. Eradication was never achieved at 108 CFU/mL. The IE was best modeled as a reduction of CZA maximum bactericidal effect and as an increase in CST EC50 with increasing inoculum. However, no interaction between IEs was significant, meaning that CST did not modify the IE of CZA and inversely. IE may be important at least as demonstrated by in vitro antibiotic combination studies
Risk of Flame Acceleration Due to Accumulation of Unburnt Volatiles in Zero-Gravity Condition
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the influence of ventilation conditions, including oxidizer flow speed and oxygen concentration, on major species composition in favor of estimating a risk of flame acceleration at reduced gravity. A two-step chemical reaction for gas phase and a soot formation model based on laminar smoke point are used. To calculate thermal radiation from flame, a discrete-ordinates method is coupled with a non-grey model by taking into account the radiative properties of CO, CO2, H2O and soot. The predictions provide further insights into the intimate coupling of fuel types, such as heptane and dodecane, with burning rate, flame structure and toxic emissions as a consequence of changes in ventilation conditions such as oxidizer flow velocity and oxygen concentration. From a boundary-layer microgravity flame, the CO2 to CO ratio is less than 3, and the unburnt hydrocarbons CmHn to CO ratio is less than 2, with a concentration of unburnt fuel that exceeds the Lower Flammability Limit. This finding on the production of unburnt species is contrasted to the case of a buoyancy-controlled flame at Earth gravity
Validation of a parietal heat transfer model in a constant volume spherical vessel
No full textInternational audienceThis work aims to numerically estimate the parietal heat flux in various thermal systems, such as the spherical combustion chamber at constant volume. We estimate mainly the convective heat coefficient using a new approach based on the kinetic theory of gas instead of existing macroscopic models. In this configuration, which is marked by high pressures and temperatures, assessing the wall heat flux presents an important challenge. This study employs a transient heat transfer model derived from an innovative application of kinetic theory of gases to elucidate conduction phenomena between gas particles and a cold wall at short scales. We want to analyze and evaluate heat exchange at the wall by modeling the interactions between the flame and the wall, as well as the burned gas and the wall, using an unsteady thermal transfer model implemented in FORTRAN code. Numerical results of time evolution of pressure and heat flux in different operating conditions were illustrated and compared to the experimental ones to validate the approach
Normes environnementales et agriculture: divorce à la française
No full textInternational audienceLes mouvements de colère agricoles, déclenchés par une crise du revenu, ont progressivement tourné au procès des normes, surtout environnementales, qui encadrent le secteur. Le pouvoir politique, à travers plusieurs textes de lois, semble vouloir répondre à la critique en déréglementant certaines pratiques, au risque d'affaiblir la protection de l'environnement et de passer à côté du sujet de la simplification normative
Conduites de dépendance aux réseaux et à la pornographie
No full textFait suite à un 1er volume : "Vocabulaire psychanalytique des processus adolescents" (tome 1), 2024International audienc
