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Potager domestique et autoproduction : des pratiques populaires en recomposition ? Réflexions à partir d’une enquête par questionnaire dans l'agglomération caennaise
No full textInternational audienc
The 2025 EQUAL Pneumocystis Score-an ECMM tool to measure QUALity in Pneumocystis pneumonia management
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic fungal infection. Several guidelines have been published to support its clinical management. However, the complexity and breadth of these guidelines pose challenges for consistent implementation in routine clinical practice.Objectives: To develop a scoring tool and quality indicator that facilitates clinical decision making and quantifies adherence to best-practice guidelines for PCP in patients with and without HIV.Methods: Key recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of PCP were extracted from current guidelines of the European Council on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL), the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice (AST-IDCOP), and the IDSA guidelines. Each recommendation was assigned a point value ranging from -1 to 3, weighted according to the strength of recommendation and level of evidence.Results: The proposed 2025 European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) QUALity (EQUAL) Pneumocystis Score consists of 24 items for patients with HIV and 22 for patients without HIV. For diagnosis, bronchoalveolar lavage and immunofluorescence assays received the highest scores due to their superior sensitivity and specificity for sampling and analysis. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of choice and was awarded with the highest score. The addition of corticosteroids for patients with HIV and respiratory failure completes the treatment category. The score is completed with the patient follow-up. For HIV patients a maximum score of 31 and for non-HIV patients a maximum score of 27 is achievable.Conclusions: The 2025 EQUAL Pneumocystis Score offers a concise, evidence-based tool for the optimal management of PCP. This can be useful in daily practice for a quick overview and may be used to measure guideline adherence in research settings. It has not yet been assessed whether higher EQUAL Pneumocystis Scores are associated with improved patient outcomes
Plastics used in agriculture and for food: uses, properties and impacts. Condensed report of the collective scientific assessment
No full textPlastics used in agriculture and for food: uses, properties and impacts. Condensed report of the collecive scientific assessment
Optimizing Sensor Deployment Strategy for Tracking Mobile Heat Source Trajectory
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have investigated inverse problems in physical systems described by partial differential equations, particularly for identifying unknown parameters of mobile heat sources. An iterative minimization of a quadratic cost function, based on the conjugate gradient method, has shown reliable results in identifying heat densities and trajectories both offline and online. Although fixed sensor arrays can be effective, covering the full operating range of a moving heat source requires a large number of sensors, leading to inefficiencies and waste. A more efficient approach uses fewer mobile sensors mounted on autonomous robots. However, this introduces challenges in robot control, ensuring optimal positioning, coordination, and collision avoidance.To address this, we propose a method that combines sensitivity-based sensor placement with robot assignment algorithms such as the Hungarian Algorithm and Multi-Agent Path Finding. This enables effective tracking of the heat source's trajectory while optimizing sensor deployment. The approach not only increases overall sensitivity of the sensor network but also improves identification performance with reduced latency and higher accuracy. NOMENCLATURE cspecific heat capacity, Jkg -1 K -1 s i (t) basis function for piecewise linear functions s(t) vector of basis function s i (t) t, t f time and final time, s t id identification time, s t d delay time, s x(t), y(t) space variable, m x(t), y(t) vector related to space variable, m σ res standard deviation of temperature residual, K σ δd standard deviation of trajectory estimation, m a</div
La brièveté au service de l'abréaction du traumatisme : la pratique de l'intégration des cycles de vie (ICV) en psychogérontologie
No full textInternational audienceTraditionnellement, la « forme brève » en psychothérapie se définit surtout par la durée du traitement : quelques séances, un protocole délimité, un objectif précis.Mais dans le cadre du vieillissement, la brièveté doit être pensée au-delà du simple critère temporel :- Brièveté des séances : rythme adapté à la fatigabilité et aux capacités cognitives.- Brièveté du matériau psychique convoqué : ne pas submerger la personne avec une quantité excessive de souvenirs ou d’interprétations.- Brièveté du processus narratif : aller à l’essentiel de l’histoire de vie, dans un geste de synthèse symbolique.Hypothèse centrale : chez la personne âgée, la brièveté n’est pas seulement une contrainte pratique, elle devient une condition de la transformation thérapeutique, car elle soutient la clarté, la continuité et la sécurité. Elle vient valider la cohérence. Lorsqu'elle est pratiquée dans un contexte correspondant à ses indications, l'ICV valide ces attentes
"The Abbé" by Aubrey Beardsley: An introduction and Initiation to "Under the Hill"
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Let’s not make things worse in the management of tacrolimus overdoses due to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
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ENTRE PRÁTICAS, SUSTENTABILIDADE E DESAFIOS PARA AS AGROEXTRATIVISTAS NA RESERVA DO RIO CAJARI, AMAPÁ, BRASIL
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores the labor dynamics of agroextractivist women in the Rio Cajari ExtractiveReserve, located in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The research aimed to analyze women’s participationin family-based production systems and its implications for the development of rural agroextractivistcommunities. Employing a qualitative methodological framework, the study draws on semi-structured interviews and participant observation conducted with agroextractivist workers in thecommunities of Água Branca, Martins, and Santarém between June 2022 and June 2024. Findingsindicate that women participate across the entire Brazil nut production chain, in subsistence-orientedfamily agriculture, and in social organizations such as associations and cooperatives. Beside theirextensive involvement in productive and political spheres, women continue to shoulder domesticresponsibilities—an essential but frequently undervalued dimension of survival for agroextractivistfamilies in the reserve. The study concludes that peasant labor within the RESEX Cajari is intrinsicallylinked to the empowerment of agroextractivist women, a process that is consolidated throughcollective forms of organization. However, this empowerment is paradoxically accompanied by adisproportionate workload, as women bear the brunt of rural, political, and domestic labor demands.Esta pesquisa investigou a dinâmica do trabalho da mulher agroextrativista na Reserva Agroextrativista do rio Cajari, estado do Amapá. O objetivo foi analisar a participação feminina na produção familiar e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de comunidades rurais do Sul do Amapá. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa a partir de entrevistas e observações participantes com agroextrativistas da RESEX Cajari nas comunidades Água Branca, Martins e Santarém entre junho de 2022 e junho de 2024. Os resultados demonstraram a participação das mulheres em toda a cadeia produtiva da castanha, na agricultura familiar e em organizações sociais, como associações e cooperativas. Além de todas as atribuições laborais e políticas, as mulheres permanecem no trabalho doméstico, apesar da reduzida valorização e de ser crucial para a sobrevivência de famílias agroextrativistas da Reserva Cajari. Concluímos que o trabalho campesino em comunidades da RESEX Cajari é profundamente relacionado ao empoderamento feminino das agroextrativistas, o qual foi consolidado a partir das organizações coletivas. Contraditoriamente, o empoderamento ocorre associado a um processo de exploração, à significativa sobrecarga de trabalho rural, político e familiar atribuído às mulheres
Dirichlet Process Mixture Model and Markov Random Field for PolSAR Image Segmentation
No full textInternational audienceThe Dirichlet Process Mixture Model (DPMM) is a Bayesian nonparametric approach commonly used in unsupervised learning, notable for its ability to infer the number of components in the data. In this work, DPMM is integrated with a Markov Random Field (MRF) to tackle the segmentation of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images. The MRF incorporates spatial context, enhancing segmentation accuracy. Class labels are updated using the Expectation Maximization algorithm. The proposed EM-DPMM-MRF model is evaluated on both simulated and real PolSAR images with known ground truth. The experimental results demonstrate strong and consistent performance
Faisabilité et efficacité de l'entraînement physique sur les symptômes du sommeil et les comorbidités dans la narcolepsie de type 1 : une étude interventionnelle prospective
No full textInternational audienceCurrent treatments for narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) have little impact on psychiatric, cognitive and metabolic comorbidities. Here, we evaluated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of a prospective Exercise Training (ET) program on sleep-related symptoms and comorbidities in NT1. Sedentary adult with NT1 participated in a 6-week supervised ET program followed by a 18-week self-directed program. Outcomes included the Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index [BMI], glycemia, insulin, CRP, lipid panel with insulin resistance [IR] [TG/HDL-C] and cardiovascular risk [Total-C/HDL-C] markers), cardiorespiratory fitness, and attention (Bron/Lyon Attention Stability Test). Wilcoxon tests compared baseline, 6-week, and 6-month data. Among 30 participants (73.3% women, 39.8±13.9 years, BMI=31.0±5.1 kg/m2), 25 completed the 6-month program. Of the 379 supervised sessions (84.2% attendance), only 7 partial cataplexies occurred. At 6 weeks, significant improvements were observed in median[IQR] NSS (-2.0[-4.0;0], p=0.046), ISI (-1.0[-3.0;1.0], p=0.050), triglycerides (-0.21[-0.46;-0.09]g/L, p=0.015), IR (-0.19[-0.46;-0.04], p=0,003), cardiorespiratory fitness ((+15.0[5.0;20.0]watts, p<0.001), and in most attention scores (stability, intensity, reaction time: p<0.05). At 6 months, NSS and ISI changes were no longer significant but anxiety (-1.0[-3.0;1.0], p=0.041) and depression (-2.0[-4.0;0.0], p=0.004) decreased. Improvements in IR (-0.27[-0.44;-0.11], p=0.002), triglycerides (-0.2[-0.4;0.0]g/L, p=0.033), cardiovascular risk (-0.16[-0.41;-0.02], p=0,019), and attention scores (intensity, reaction time, number of errors p<0.05) were sustained. VO2max and BMI showed no significant changes. Physical activity is feasible and safe in NT1, enabling improvements in narcolepsy symptoms, anxiety/depression, cognition, and cardiometabolic markers. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.Les traitements actuels de la narcolepsie de type 1 (NT1) ont peu d'impact sur les comorbidités psychiatriques, cognitives et métaboliques. Nous avons évalué la faisabilité, la sécurité et l'efficacité d'un programme prospectif d'entraînement physique (EP) sur les symptômes liés au sommeil et les comorbidités dans la NT1. Des adultes sédentaires atteints de NT1 ont participé à un programme d'EP supervisé de 6 semaines, suivi d'un programme autodirigé de 18 semaines. Les résultats comprenaient l'échelle de gravité de la narcolepsie (NSS), l'échelle d'anxiété et de dépression en milieu hospitalier (HADS), l'indice de gravité de l'insomnie (ISI), les paramètres cardiométaboliques (indice de masse corporelle [IMC], glycémie, insuline, CRP, profil lipidique avec résistance à l'insuline [IR] [TG/HDL-C] et marqueurs de risque cardiovasculaire [Total-C/HDL-C]), la capacité cardiorespiratoire et l'attention (test de stabilité de l'attention de Bron/Lyon). Les tests de Wilcoxon ont comparé les données de référence, celles obtenues après 6 semaines et celles obtenues après 6 mois. Parmi les 30 participants (73,3 % de femmes, 39,8 ± 13,9 ans, IMC = 31,0 ± 5,1 kg/m2), 25 ont terminé le programme de 6 mois. Sur les 379 séances supervisées (taux de participation de 84,2 %), seules 7 cataplexies partielles ont été observées. À 6 semaines, des améliorations significatives ont été observées dans la médiane [IQR] NSS (-2,0[-4,0;0], p = 0,046), ISI (-1,0[-3,0;1,0], p = 0,050), triglycérides (-0,21[-0,46;-0,09]g/L, p = 0,015), l'IR (-0,19[-0,46;-0,04], p = 0,003), la capacité cardiorespiratoire ((+15,0[5,0;20,0]watts, p<0,001) et la plupart des scores d'attention (stabilité, intensité, temps de réaction : p<0,05). Au bout de 6 mois, les changements de NSS et de l'ISI n'étaient plus significatifs, mais l'anxiété (-1,0[-3,0;1,0], p=0,041) et la dépression (-2,0[-4,0;0,0], p=0,004) avaient diminué. Les améliorations de l'IR (-0,27[-0,44;-0,11], p=0,002), des triglycérides (-0,2[-0,4;0,0]g/L, p=0,033), du risque cardiovasculaire (-0,16[-0,41;-0,02], p=0,019) et des scores d'attention (intensité, temps de réaction, nombre d'erreurs p<0,05) ont été maintenues. La VO2max et l'IMC n'ont pas montré de changements significatifs. L'activité physique est réalisable et sans danger chez les patients atteints de NT1, permettant une amélioration des symptômes de la narcolepsie, de l'anxiété/dépression, des fonctions cognitives et des marqueurs cardiométaboliques. Des essais contrôlés randomisés à plus grande échelle sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats