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Matrix free laser desorption ionization coupled to trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry: An innovative approach for isomer differentiation and molecular network visualization
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Poroelastic and viscoelastic properties of soft materials determined from AFM force relaxation and force-distance curves
No full textInternational audienceIn the field of tissue engineering, determining the mechanical properties of hydrogels is a key prerequisite to develop biomaterials mimicking the properties of the extracellular matrix. In mechanobiology, understanding the relationships between the mechanical properties and physiological state of cells is also essential. Time-dependent mechanical characterization of these soft materials is commonly achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments in liquid environment. However, the determination of an appropriate model to correctly interpret the experimental data is often missing, making it difficult to extract quantitative mechanical properties. Here, force relaxation and force-distance curves were combined to elucidate the origin of dissipative processes involved in hydrogels and cells, before applying the relevant poroelastic or viscoelastic theory to model the curves. By using spherical AFM tips, analytical equations were developed to transform these curves into mechanical parameters by describing the relationships between the exerted force and the elastic, poroelastic or viscoelastic responses of semi-infinite and finite-thickness materials. Poroelastic behavior was evidenced for a thermoresponsive hydrogel and a set of poroelastic parameters was extracted from the force relaxation curves. In contrast, cells exhibited viscoelastic properties characterized by a single power-law relaxation over three-decade time scales. In addition, compressive modulus and fluidity exponent of cells were obtained by fitting force relaxation curves and approach-retraction force-distance curves. This combined theoretical and experimental framework opens a rigorous way toward quantitative mechanical properties of soft materials by (1) systematically determining the origin of their relaxation mechanisms, (2) defining the theoretical models to correctly interpret the experimental data, (3) using analytically solved equations to extract the mechanical parameters
Les cahiers de doléances de l’Orne et du Finistère (2018-2019). Matérialité des cahiers, conditions d’énonciation et de participation. Note de recherche ANR Gilets jaunes
No full textLa démarche de l'enquête restituée dans cette note de recherche s'inscrit dans la continuité des études sur les doléances à l'échelle départementale. En s'appuyant sur une analyse quantitative des doléances recueillies dans l'Orne et le Finistère, ainsi que sur une enquête qualitative de terrain réalisées dans le cadre d'un stage (ANR GILETSJAUNES), cette note apporte un éclairage sur les conditions de production de ces cahiers ainsi que sur les conditions d'énonciation propres aux contributeurs et contributrices, avec un accent mis sur le rapport des Gilets jaunes à ces cahiers.</div
Open Questions and Future Directions in Titan Science
No full textInternational audienceAt the end of the Cassini-Huygens mission much has been learned about Saturn's moon Titan, though many new questions have been raised. In this chapter, we outline 20 core topical areas that require further research to advance our understanding of Titan in the holistic sense. After an introduction to existing techniques, we explore each of the 20 questions in detail, in each case giving suggestions about future research directions that could help to answer them. We conclude with a discussion of future techniques and large facilities, which will have a significant impact on Titan research in the next decades
Regards croisés sur l’évaluation du dispositif ANL4AMi : difficultés, apports et discussions
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Collecting perspectives on project prioritisation process in the EU co-funded multinational partnership for the assessment of risks from chemicals (PARC) through focus group discussion
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) is a 7-year multinational partnership aimed at consolidating and strengthening European Union’s (EU) research and innovation capacity for chemical risk assessment (RA) to protect human health and the environment. It consists of nine work packages (WP) involving more than 200 participating organisations from 29 countries. PARC is currently mapping the most relevant needs in the field of European chemical RA to steer PARC’s future activities in the coming years. The present study aims to gather the perspectives of WP/Task/Project Leaders of PARC to understand their experience during the first prioritisation round of PARC activities and to identify potential points of improvement for future rounds. Methods: Three online 90-min focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted between the 3rd and 9th of May 2023. Each session was attended by 4-5 participants with at least one representative from each PARC WPs 4, 5 and 6 ( n = 13). The sessions were recorded and transcribed, then analysed in NVivo 12 software using thematic analysis. Results: Some important aspects for the prioritisation of activities that were mentioned include: (1) having a transparent prioritisation process even though each WP might need different prioritisation criteria, (2) balancing the fulfilment of short-term regulatory needs and anticipating long-term needs in chemical RA, (3) maintaining alignment and synergy between the WPs and with other relevant EU initiatives to avoid duplication and to ensure continuity of work and (4) making sure that PARC can effectively respond to requests from different PARC stakeholders. Conclusions: The next round of PARC research activity steering process will provide an opportunity to implement the various improvements identified. PARC should utilise the advantage of having stakeholders from different backgrounds (e.g., risk assessors, policymakers, regulatory bodies, academia, etc.) within its consortium and its advising bodies to prioritise projects and activities that will support its overall objectives. These recommendations could also be of interest outside PARC in the context of prioritising research and innovation needs related to chemical RA
Switching From Dupilumab to Tralokinumab or Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Cases of Ocular and/or Facial Adverse Events in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
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Air pollution and performances in outdoor sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short-terms associations
No full textInternational audienceLaboratory studies suggest that high concentrations of particles matter (diameter<2.5 mm [PM2.5]) and ozone (O3) may reduce sport performances at short term. However, a systematic review of literature examining whether air pollution has an effect on sport performances in real situations is missing.Seven databased were searched for articles which examined the association between particulate (PM2.5, PM10, PMCoarse), gaseous (O3, sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], carbon monoxide [CO], and index (Air Quality Index [AQI]) of air pollutants and sport performances in real context. We included observational studies with objective measures of air pollution and performances. They were categorized into endurance, power/speed, technical performances. Harvest plots were used to summarize the findings and guide narrative synthesis. Risk of bias was also assessed. When appropriate, meta-analyses were completed to evaluate the strength of the associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Over 200 reported associations from 21 articles were examined. Participants were primarily elite athletes. The majority of studies examined football (n = 9), and endurance sports (n = 9). Overall, no evidence supported a negative association between performances and the AQI, PM2.5, and NO2 outdoor concentrations. We found that exposure to O3 was associated with reduced sports performance O3, (d = -0.33, 95%CI: -0.65 –0.02 [all performances]; d = -0.54, 95%CI: -1.02 -0.04) [endurance performances]). An absence of significant association between AQI, PM2.5, or NO2 exposure and sports performance is clearly supported by our systematic review and meta-analyses. Higher O3 concentration could impair sport performances in real context, but the evidence is less consistent. No firm conclusion can be drawn from our work for the short term levels of CO, PM10, or SO2 and their respective association with endurance and technical performances
Long-term real-world evidence of CPX-351 of high-risk patients with AML identified high rate of negative MRD and prolonged OS
No full textInternational audienceCPX-351 has been approved for patients with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC-AML). No extensive data are available on measurable residual disease (MRD) and long-term clinical outcome using CPX-351 in AML in real life. We retrospectively collected data from 168 patients in 36 centers in France and Italy who had received 1 or 2 cycles of induction with CPX-351. All patients were aged >18 years and had newly diagnosed, untreated t-AML or MRC-AML. With a median follow-up of 3 years, the median overall survival (OS) was 13.3 months. The median OS was 20.4 months vs 12.9 months for patients with MRD below or above 10–3, respectively (P = .006). In a multivariate analysis, only MRD >10–3 was associated with a poorer OS (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.5; P = .013). We also observed a trend toward a better median OS in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with MRD <10–3 (not reached vs 26.0 months; P = .06). Achievement of MRD negativity contributed to the improvement of OS in the overall population and, maybe, in patients receiving transplant. These data provide the rationale for the 2 ongoing studies evaluating CPX-351 vs 7+3 in non–MRC-AML and non–t-AML using MRD as the primary end point for ALFA-2101 phase 2 clinical trial and event-free survival for AMLSG 30-18 phase 3 clinical trial
A systematic review of eye movements during autobiographical recall: Does the mind’s eye look at pictures of personal memories?
No full textInternational audienceRetrieving personal memories is usually accompanied by eye movements. Although the functional significance of eye movements during retrieval is relatively well-established in the case of episodic memory, their role in autobiographical memory is not clearly delineated in the literature. This systematic review critically examines existing studies in the field to summarize the current understanding of eye movements during autobiographical recall, leading to three conclusions. First, eye movements can be taken to reflect the retrieval of mental visual images in autobiographical memory. Second, eye movements may serve a functional role and support recall by helping retrieve visual details of the memory. Third, eye movements appear to be modulated by various aspects of the retrieval process, suggesting that they could meaningfully reflect aspects of the cognitive processes at play. The discussion highlights the major limitations of current research and proposes suggestions for the future studies that will be required to develop a more robust theoretical framework