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The MMX InfraRed Spectrometer (MIRS) for the spectral characterization of the Martian system
No full textInternational audienceMIRS (MMX InfraRed Spectrometer) is a push-broom imaging spectrometer onboard of the JAXA sample return MMX mission. It has been built by the French laboratory LESIA, today LIRA (Laboratory for Instrumentation and Research in Astrophysics) of Paris Observatory-PSL in collaboration with five other French laboratories, collaboration and financial support of CNES and close collaboration with JAXA and MELCO. MIRS, designed to accomplish the MMX scientific objectives, has been built to be adapted on MMX Exploration Module. MIRS will remotely observe the Martian system for three years. MIRS will observe Phobos, Deimos and Mars in the spectral range 0.9-3.6 µm to characterize surface composition of the satellites and investigate Martian atmospheric variations
Beyond capstone: toward a new strategy for appraising and selecting emails to transfer to archives within French public agencies
No full textInternational audienceThis article introduces two new approaches to email archiving within French public agencies undertaken between 2020 and 2023 at the University of Angers (France). It shows how a qualitative survey of producers’ practices and an NLP-based tool might provide the basis for new strategies for the appraisal and selection of email boxes and messages to be transferred to archives. The initial impetus was to overcome difficulties faced by French administrative records managers and archivists in locally implementing the appraisal framework known as the “Capstone” approach, which recommends gathering emails as electronic records and preserving for the long term only specific mailboxes selected in light of the function or position of the email account owner. While Capstone was adopted at the national scale in the French administration, major archival issues remain. Does an approach that focuses on the mailboxes of individuals holding strategic job positions correspond to the reality of bureaucratic work in France? And how should one define accountable criteria for identifying and appraising emails or mailboxes to be preserved on the basis of their enduring value? To address this, we combined two sociological methods, interviews and observation, and developed an interface for classifying messages using NLP. The combination of these two yielded some crucial elements to help archivists shift from the level of a single mailbox to that of a network: a better understanding of the practices of email producers, new criteria for selecting relevant mailboxes, and a new tool for archivists to appraise email archives
Dark side of the honeymoon: reconstructing the Asian x European rose breeding history through the lens of genomics
No full textInternational audienceRoses hold significant symbolic value in Western cultural heritage, often serving as a symbol of love and romance. Despite their ancient cultivation, the appreciation for the phenotypic diversity of roses emerged relatively recently, notably during the 19th century. This period is characterized by a remarkable expansion in the number of varieties, from around 100 to over 8,000, representing a golden age for roses. To trace the history of rose breeding in Europe and unveil genetic changes during this period, we gathered phenotypic and genetic data from 204 accessions. These included botanical roses and varieties cultivated between 1800 and 1910. Whole-genome sequences from 32 accessions were also included. Our analysis revealed a temporal shift in the genetic makeup, transitioning from a historical European to a near-Asian genetic background within a few generations. This shift was accompanied by a notable reduction in genetic diversity, attributed to the backcrossing with the less diverse Asian genepool, plus some genomic signatures of selection. We have generated the largest GWAS catalog for rose to date, offering a valuable resource for future breeding initiatives. We emphasize the critical importance of preserving ancient rose collections to safeguard diversity and ensure a sustainable breeding for the long term
Maternal environmental effects and climate-smart seeds: unlocking epigenetic inheritance for crop innovation in the seed industry
No full textInternational audienceSeed production is facing a three-fold challenge: ensuring food security, maintaining sustainability, and adapting to climate change. Although most efforts have focused on genetic breeding and crop management, additional levers need to be explored to optimize plant tolerance to the accelerating climate change.A groundbreaking approach will be to capitalize on the ability of plants to naturally adjust their responses to fluctuating environments during the crop cycle and transmit stress-induced information to the next generation(s). This viewpoint aims at highlighting the potential application of maternal stress memory as a priming strategy to produce primed seedlots. This requires identifying the priming conditions among stress memory scenarios, defined according to the starting point of the new generation within the plant, that is, the fertilization. If the contribution of stress-induced epigenetic-associated mechanisms in inheritance patterns to promote germination and early growth development has been evidenced, the whole picture is not fully understood. Further investigations are required to characterize the maternally inherited plant stress imprints leading to higher stress tolerance of seedlots. Detailed characterization of the mechanisms of stress-induced maternally heritable seed traits could provide novel targets for the seed industry and open new avenues to deploy the potential of maternal stress memory for enhancing seed performances.</div
National survey on implantation practices for free bone flaps: Key findings and insights
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In cervico-facial oncology, reconstructive procedures aim to ensure patient survival, restore orofacial functions, and maintain esthetic outcomes. The ultimate goal of these interventions is to provide functional rehabilitation. However, dental rehabilitation following bone-free flap reconstructions remains underutilized. This study evaluates current practices in France and identify the challenges reconstructive surgeons face in implementing dental implant rehabilitation after free bone flap reconstruction in an oncological setting.Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted across 52 French hospitals to assess practices related to free bone flap reconstructions and dental implant rehabilitation. An online questionnaire collected data on the epidemiology, rehabilitation practices, team organization, and willingness towards increasing the number of rehabilitated patients following oncological surgeries.Results: Nineteen centers responded, highlighting diverse practices. While most centers perform over 20 free bone flap reconstructions annually, the number of patients receiving implants post-reconstruction was relatively low, with most centers reporting between one and five implant procedures in the past year. Key obstacles to implant rehabilitation included patient irradiation (61 %), lack of financial support (61 %), absence of a practitioner network (50 %), insufficiently trained team members (33 %), risk of oncological recurrence (28 %), extended operating times for primary implantations (22 %), and difficulties with radiological follow-up due to artifacts (17 %) CONCLUSION: Despite its potential to enhance patient quality of life, dental implant rehabilitation in oncological patients remains marginal in France. This study highlights the need for standardized protocols and improved collaboration between reconstructive surgeons and dental specialists to increase the rate of rehabilitation following free bone flap reconstructions
Some topics in random walks
No full textInternational audienceWe collect a few recent results on random walks, which are ubiquitous in probability theory. The topics covered are: persistence problems for stochastic processes, large fluctuations in multi-scale modeling for rest hematopoiesis, and fine properties of the elephant random walk
A priori optimization of levofloxacin dose regimen based on a population pharmacokinetics model
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with pharmacokinetic characteristics that facilitate its use in many types of infections. Objectives To develop a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of levofloxacin and to identify covariates influencing its PK, to determine the best dose regimens for pharmacodynamic target achievement. Patients and methods Patients treated with levofloxacin were retrospectively included from December 2014 to February 2021. The population PK analysis was performed using Pmetrics. Multiple covariates were tested: age, height, weight, ideal weight, BMI, body surface area (BSA), plasma protein and creatinine levels, and absolute glomerular filtration rate (aGFR) calculated from the chronic kidney disease-epidemiology formula and BSA. Dosing simulations were performed for all combinations of covariates and MIC values. The AUC0–24/MIC ratio targets were 50 for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 125 for other bacterial species. Results A total of 39 patients were included, of which 23 patients were hospitalized in ICUs. The population PK analysis was performed on 175 plasma concentrations of levofloxacin. A two-compartment model best described levofloxacin PK with three covariates: aGFR for the elimination rate constant and both plasma protein level and BSA for the central compartment volume. Tables with proposed dose regimens according to patient covariates and pharmacodynamic targets values are provided. Conclusions This study provided a priori dose regimen adaptation based on a population PK model for levofloxacin. For patients with increased renal function or infection by high MIC bacteria, the pharmacodynamic target could not be reliably achieved with standard dosages
Les sanctions des Nations Unies Face à l’exploitation et au commerce illicites des ressources minières en République démocratique du Congo
No full texthttps://www.anr-vseg.org/documents-et-publications
Orelsan et Aurélien Cotentin, artiste et entrepreneur : empreintes, ancrages, appropriations géographiques
No full textAtlas Social de Caen - e-ISSN : 2779-654XLire le document sur https://atlas-social-de-caen.fr/index.php?id=1302La mise en récit de lieux parcourus, montrés et décrits dans l’œuvre d’Orelsan apparaît comme un facteur, parmi d’autres, expliquant son succès dans l’univers du rap. Orelsan, bien que né loin de la « banlieue », a construit à travers ses clips et chansons des images fortes d’un possible désarroi des enfants des classes moyennes. La trajectoire sociale et artistique d’Orelsan combine des ancrages territoriaux et des espaces vécus de l’agglomération caennaise et de la Normandie. Sublimés dans l’œuvre, ils laissent en retour des empreintes spatiales multiples, visibles à Caen. Ces lieux sont réinterprétés et réinvestis par des fans, des habitants, des touristes et sont désormais intégrés au sein de récits territoriaux par des acteurs privés et publics
L’expertise de l’amateur : le Salon des médecins et l’exercice du pouvoir en périphérie des mondes de l’art
No full textInternational audienceDie Forschung zu den „Karriereamateuren“ wirft Licht auf die Geschichte eines angeblich professionellen Bereichs der Kunstwelt. Unsere Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dem Begriff Expertise im Bereich der künstlerischen Tätigkeit von Amateuren, und zwar anhand des emblematischen Beispiels der Kunstausstellung der Ärzte. Die Legitimität des Arztes als Künstler basiert nämlich auf einer im 20. Jahrhundert selbst ausgerufenen Anatomieexpertise, mit der in Folge der Konkurrenz zwischen beruflich tätigen Ärzten und beruflich tätigen Künstlern die auf sozialer Ebene zum Einsatz kommenden medizinischen Berufe auch im künstlerischen Bereich geltend gemacht werden sollen. Die von den Doktoren Eugène Briau und Charles Villandre ausgestellten Arbeiten sind daher Beispiele, die zum ersten Mal ein Licht auf die angewandte Expertise werfen, die sie auf legalem Wege bemächtigt, über die „wertlosen“ Körper von Lebendigen und Toten zu verfügen. Anhand des Beispiels der als Künstler tätigen Ärzten sollen die Mittel, und vor allem die zur Anwendung kommende Expertise am äuβeren Rand der Kunstwelten hinterfragt werden, wo schöpferische Arbeit den Weg zu Machtausübung ebnet.Research on ‘career amateurs’ brings to light the history of an artistic pseudo-professionalism. Through the emblematic case of the Salon des Médecins (Doctors’ Salon), our study attempts to investigate the idea of expertise applied to amateur artistic work. The legitimacy of the doctor-artist in the 20th century was based on a self-proclaimed expertise in anatomy which, following on from the competition between medical and artistic professionals, sought to extend the social missions of the medical profession onto the terrain of art. The examples of works exhibited by two medical doctors, Eugène Briau and Charles Villandre, give an idea of the use of this expertise, which was based on a legal authority over the ‘vile’ bodies of the living and the dead. The case of the doctor-artists thus allows us to question the means of such expertise, and especially its practice on the non-professional margins of the art world, an expertise that tends to transform creative labour into an exercise of power.La investigación alrededor de los “aficionados de carrera” actualiza la historia de una cuasi-profesionalización artística. A través del caso emblemático del Salón de los médicos, este estudio propone cuestionar la noción de experticia aplicada al trabajo artístico amateur. En efecto, en el siglo xx, la legitimidad del médico-artista se basa en la autodeclaración de una pericia anatómica que, prolongando la competencia entre profesionales de la medicina y del arte, extiende las misiones sociales del cuerpo médico hacia el terreno artístico. Los ejemplos relacionados con los trabajos expuestos por los doctores Eugène Briau y Charles Villandre permiten vislumbrar el desarrollo de esta experticia, que se legitima en un poder legal sobre los cuerpos “viles” de vivos y muertos. A través del caso de los médicos-artistas, se trata así de cuestionar los medios y, sobre todo, la práctica de una experticia amateur de la periferia de los mundos del arte, una que tiende a convertir el trabajo creativo en ejercicio de poder.La recherche sur les « amateurs de carrière » met au jour l’histoire d’une simili-professionnalité artistique. À travers le cas emblématique du Salon des médecins, notre étude propose d’interroger la notion d’expertise appliquée au travail artistique amateur. La légitimité du médecin-artiste se fonde, en effet, au xxe siècle sur l’autodéclaration d’une expertise anatomique qui, dans le prolongement d’une concurrence entre professionnels de la médecine et de l’art, envisage l’extension des missions sociales du corps médical en terrain artistique. Les exemples des travaux exposés par les docteurs Eugène Briau et Charles Villandre permettent, dès lors, d’entrevoir la mise en œuvre de cette expertise, qui procède d’un pouvoir légal sur les corps « vils » des vivants et des morts. À travers le cas des médecins-artistes, il s’agit ainsi de s’interroger sur les moyens et, surtout, sur la pratique d’une expertise à la périphérie amateur des mondes de l’art, expertise qui tend à faire du travail créateur un exercice du pouvoir.La ricerca sui “dilettanti in carriera” sta portando alla luce la storia di una pseudo-professione artistica. Utilizzando il caso emblematico del Salon des médecins, questo studio propone di mettere in discussione la nozione di competenza applicata al lavoro artistico amatoriale. Nel XX secolo, la legittimità del medico-artista si basava sull’autodichiarazione di competenza anatomica che, sulla scia della concorrenza tra professionisti medici e artistici, prevedeva l’estensione delle missioni sociali della professione medica al regno dell’arte. Gli esempi di lavoro presentati da medici come Eugène Briau e Charles Villandre offrono uno sguardo sull’attuazione di questa competenza, che derivava da un potere legale sui “vili” corpi dei vivi e dei morti. Attraverso il caso degli artisti-medici, possiamo esaminare i mezzi e, soprattutto, la pratica di una perizia alla periferia amatoriale del mondo dell’arte, una perizia che tendeva a trasformare il lavoro creativo in un esercizio di potere