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“We Will soon Be parliment men all of us”: éducation et politisation dans les quartiers populaires de Dublin, 1794-1796
No full textInternational audienceIn March 1796, Patrick Kennedy, aged 16, wrote a series of pathetic letters to alderman James Bridge while he was in the New Gaol in Dublin waiting for his execution for high treason. This serialised confession opens an exceptional window into the popular underworld of the secret society of the Defenders, and how their fusion with the United Irishmen operated from 1794 in Dublin to form a mass-based revolutionary organisation. It took place in reading clubs or societies with names like the Telegraph (or Telegraphic) Club, the Philanthropic Society, or the Athenian Society. These three clubs were all founded by John Daly Burk, after his expulsion from Trinity College, Dublin, for blasphemy, for the purpose of connecting with the workers’ combinations in the Irish capital (which were forbidden since 1780) to broaden the base of the United Irishmen after their official interdiction and disbanding in April 1794. Reconstructing the activities and the meetings of these clubs (often in public houses and taverns) is difficult for the historian, but the careful study of the published trials of the Defenders, of their testimonies and of the recollection of Burk enables to understand how education through the reading of books and pamphlets went alongside revolutionary politicisation in the workers’ neighbourhoods of Stoneybatter, Smithfield, and the Liberties, bringing them into a new regime of historicity.En mars 1796, Patrick Kennedy, 16 ans, écrit une série de lettres pathétiques à l’échevin James Bridge depuis sa cellule de la New Gaol à Dublin où il attend son exécution pour haute trahison. Cette confession sous forme sérielle ouvre une fenêtre exceptionnelle sur le monde populaire et souterrain de la société secrète des Defenders et sur la manière dont leur fusion avec les Irlandais Unis opéra à partir de 1794 pour former une organisation révolutionnaire de masse. Elle eut lieu dans des clubs de lecture ou des sociétés appelées la Huguenot Society, le Telegraph (ou Telegraphic) Club, la Philanthropic Society ou l’Athenian Society. Ces trois derniers clubs furent fondés par John Daly Burk après son expulsion de Trinity College, Dublin, pour blasphème, dans le but de se connecter avec les associations de travailleurs de la capitale irlandaise (interdites depuis 1780) afin d’élargir la base de recrutement des Irlandais Unis à la suite de leur interdiction officielle et de leur dissolution en avril 1794. Reconstituer les activités et les réunions de ces clubs (qui avaient souvent lieu dans des pubs ou des tavernes) est une tâche complexe, mais en croisant les lettres de Kennedy avec les comptes-rendus des procès des Defenders, avec leurs témoignages et avec les mémoires de Burk, il est possible de mieux comprendre comment l’éducation, à travers la lecture de livres et de pamphlets, était au cœur de la politisation révolutionnaire des quartiers ouvriers de Stoneybatter, Smithfield et des Liberties, les faisant entrer dans un nouveau régime d’historicité
Immune Tolerance Induction With a Recombinant Factor VIII Fc in Haemophilia A: Data From a Chart Review Study
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To report data from an ITI chart review study (NCT03951103) for first-time and rescue ITI with recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) in persons with haemophilia A.Methods: Retrospective and prospective real-world data are reported from a non-interventional, multicentre study of patients who had been or were currently being treated with rFVIIIFc ITI. ITI treatment outcome (defined by investigators) and regimens are reported.Results: Forty-one patients from 16 sites were included. First-time ITI was used in 24 patients; 16 had an ITI outcome at study end. Thirteen patients (81.3%) had ITI success, and three had failure. Median (range) rFVIIIFc consumption was 300 (61-2800) IU/kg/week, and most (70.8%) used ≤ 300 IU/kg/week. The vast majority of patients (87.5%) received less than daily ITI. Rescue ITI was used in 17 patients; 16 had an ITI outcome at study end. Eight patients (50.0%) had ITI success/partial success, seven had failure, and one withdrew early. Median (range) rFVIIIFc consumption was 536 (98-1435) IU/kg/week; 35.3% used ≤ 300 IU/kg/week and 52.9% used > 500 IU/kg/week. Most patients (64.7%) received daily ITI.Conclusion: ITI with rFVIIIFc is likely to be successful in first-time ITI patients and is an effective option for those who have previously experienced ITI failure.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03951103
Improving the quality of information after an obstetrical anal sphincter injury improves the quality of life for women experiencing anal incontinence
No full textInternational audienceBackground: To compare the information remembered by women about the potential risk of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS) according to the occurrence of anal incontinence and the time elapsed since the OASIS.Methods: This prospective and observational monocentric cohort study included all the 227 women who had OASIS during a 15-years period. Information was collected using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) questionnaire, sent to participants by post, and by a phone interview about women's memories of the information given.Results: 80 patients had at least one episode of anal incontinence (AI) (35.2 %). Patients remembered having received information about the risk of AI in 28.2 % (n = 64) and about the risk of urinary incontinence (UI) in 34.4 % (n = 78). 82.2 % (n = 188) stated that they would be interested in having information about AI and 84.6 % wanted information about UI. Patients who received the information ≤ 5 years ago were more able to remember information about AI and UI than other patients. Being able to remember information about the risk of AI was significantly associated with a better quality of life.Conclusion: Patients who had received information ≤ 5 years ago were able to remember more of it. This coincides with the implementation of a specific post-OASIS consultation and therefore advocates for such consultations becoming common practice
Quality of care offered by health care retail markets for medication abortion self-management: Findings from states in Nigeria and India
No full textInternational audienceDispensing of misoprostol and mifepristone by pharmacies and chemist shops for self-management of medication abortion (MA) fills a crucial gap in settings where abortion care by trained health professionals is not readily available. This promising service delivery pathway, endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is hindered by concerns of poor-quality care. Simulated clients collected data on MA pill dispensing practices from 92 pharmacies and chemist shops in three Nigerian states and 127 pharmacies in an Indian state that we have anonymized. Guided by the WHO’s abortion guideline, we measured process-related quality indicators such as medication use instructions, warning signs, and respectful treatment among other aspects. We aggregated indicators under three domains: technical competence, information given to clients, and client experience. Overall, 51% of facilities in the Nigerian states and 32% in the Indian state offered MA pills. Most dispensing facilities offered the misoprostol-only regimen in Nigeria (68%) and the combination regimen in the Indian state (83%). Among facilities offering MA pills, 26% in Nigeria and 78% in the Indian state provided correct instructions on route of pill administration. Accurate information on the appropriate interval between pill type in the combination regimen was low in Nigeria (27%) and the Indian state (14%). Excessive bleeding as a warning sign was discussed more frequently in the Indian (56%) versus Nigerian states (32%); other abnormal bleeding patterns were rarely mentioned. Aggregate technical competency scores were low at 18% in Nigeria and 34% in the Indian state, with highest scores for client experience at 90% and 91% respectively. Findings suggest that people using MA pills purchased from the retail market are not given accurate and adequate information for most effective self-use. If MA self-management remains outside regulatory boundaries, technical quality will remain sub-standard, imposing unnecessary costs to people, their health, and health systems
Comparative study of radio-clinical parameters in pediatric forms of fibrous dysplasia and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
No full textInternational audienceChronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disease with clinical and radiological symptoms that overlap with fibrous dysplasia (FD), particularly in children. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological features of craniofacial CRMO and FD in a pediatric population. Seven children with CRMO and 14 with FD were retrospectively identified in our tertiary centre between 2012 and 2022. Their clinical, radiological, and biological (when available) data were collected. Two experienced radiologists reviewed imaging modalities following a standardized form, including characteristics of the lesions, soft-tissue involvement, and signal abnormalities (MRI). Swelling and pain were common symptoms in the CRMO group (7/7 and 5/5, respectively), compared with 11/14 and 2/14 patients in the FD group. Imaging (CT scan) comparisons revealed a predominance of erosive lesions, cortical interruption, periosteal apposition, and soft-tissue involvement in CRMO compared with FD (4/5 vs 0/6, p1 = 0.01; 5/5 vs 1/6, p2 = 0.01; 5/5 vs 0/6, p3 = 0.002; and 4/5 vs 0/6, p4 = 0.02, respectively). Hyperosteosis was mainly associated with FD lesions (6/6 vs 2/5, p = 0.06). Knowledge of the clinical and radiographic differences between CRMO and FD could help clinicians to differentiate between the two diseases
Entre création et médiation : réalités du travail de l’artiste contemporain, le cas du C(h)oeur des femmes
No full textInternational audienceThis article discusses the work of an artist involved in the creation and development of awomen’s choir. Based on an ethnographic approach, we report a shift in the work of this artist, who, through hybrid projects, has been engaged in co-creations, where artistic and social accompaniment of women are combined. For a long time remained as a difficult object to grasp, artistic work has been here approached from a field of exploration to scrutinize both the current evolutions of the artist in her relation to work and the stakes of cultural democratization. Focusing on the approach of the real work, the study of practices (based on the Practice Turn) allows to instruct the activities related to the development of these artistic and participatory projects. The characterization of real work reveals its aspects both luminous and dark, we are invited to go beyond two traditional conceptions of the artist’s work - seen as experimentation or as a relationship of exchange finalized-, to propose a third conception between the logic of creation and mediation.Cet article aborde le travail d’une artiste engagée dans la création et le développement d’unchœur de femmes depuis plusieurs années. À partir d’une approche ethnographique, il rendcompte d’un déplacement du travail de l’artiste, qui, à travers des projets hybrides, se trouveengagée dans des cocréations, où accompagnement artistique et social des femmes seconjuguent. Objet complexe à saisir, le travail artistique est ici abordé à partir d’un terraind’exploration pour scruter les évolutions actuelles de l’artiste dans son rapport au travail, face aux enjeux de démocratisation culturelle. Privilégiant l’approche du travail en personne, l’étude des pratiques (Practice Turn) permet d’instruire les activités relatives au développement de ces projets artistiques participatifs. La caractérisation du travail réel révèle ses aspects à la fois lumineux et sombres, invitant à dépasser deux conceptions traditionnelles du travail de l’artiste (vu comme expérimentation ou comme relation d’échange finalisée), pour proposer une troisième voie
Description and ecology of the new foraminiferal species Elphidium balticum – with a genetic and morphological comparison to Elphidium incertum (Williamson, 1858) and Elphidium asklundi Brotzen, 1943
No full textInternational audienceA new calcareous boreal-to-Arctic foraminiferal species, Elphidium balticum n. sp., belonging to the order Rotaliida, is described from the Baltic Sea area. In the literature, individuals identified here as E. balticum n. sp. have previously often been included in the boreal-lusitanian species Elphidium incertum (Williamson, 1858), despite differences in morphology. However, recent molecular studies have shown that they are genetically distinct, making it clear that these morphologically different specimens, previously allocated to Elphidium incertum, in fact belong to a separate species. Here, we group the morphotypes, which differ from E. incertum, into a new species based on both morphological and molecular (SSU rRNA genotyping) differences. A molecular phylogeny of closely related elphidiids, including Elphidium asklundi Brotzen, 1943, is also provided because the morphology of E. asklundi is often relatively close to that of E. balticum. Based on literature studies of well-illustrated specimens, we present a synonym list for each of these three different species. We also provide a morphological profile based on sequenced specimens and an overview of the ecology and distribution of E. balticum n. sp. and both other species
Beneath the smoke: Understanding the public health impacts of the Los Angeles urban wildfires
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De la scène artistique locale à l’enclave touristique globale : trajectoire du quartier M50 à Shanghai
No full textInternational audienceAnalyser le cas du quartier M50 à Shanghai au prisme de la scène nécessite d’adopter une approche dynamique sensible aux évolutions concomitantes du territoire et de ses acteurs artistiques. Ce chapitre se déroulera ainsi en six temps pour présenter (1) le contexte historique et territorial du M50, à partir duquel (2) se développe une dynamique d’agglomération d’activités artistiques qui (3) mène à l’affirmation d’une scène vécue au début des années 2000, avant (4) de voir les autorités locales institutionnaliser cette scène à partir de 2005, ce qui (5) contribue à accélérer la mutation du quartier avec un déclin récent de la scène vécue (6) menant à une transformation progressive du M50 en une enclave touristique marquée par une scène éprouvée intense et une scène médiatique affirmée. L’objectif est de restituer de façon synthétique ce cas d’étude et de faire émerger en conclusion les principales leçons à tirer pour le concept de scène tel qu’il a été défini dans le programme Scaena
QuaDS: A qualitative/quantitative descriptive statistics Python module
No full textInternational audienceIn this research, we introduce a new Python bioinformatics tool. QuaDS (Quantitative/Qualitative Description Statistics) is a pipeline tailored to describe a factor (a qualitative variable of interest) in heterogeneous datasets consisting of qualitative and quantitative variables. This pipeline separately analyze s the variables related to the factor using appropriate statistical tests. The QuaDS pipeline offers an interactive visualization that describes the factor. Several parameters can be defined by the user to ensure the most personalized results based on their data