Portail HAL UA (Université d'Angers)
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Formation des internes à la recherche en soins primaires dans le cadre de l'étude interventionnelle Co.LOMB : Retour d'expérience.
No full textInternational audienc
Kriging Alluvial Thicknesses in Valley Bottoms Using Nonstationary Geometric Anisotropies
No full textInternational audienceModeling the geometry and volumes of alluvial infill at the bottom of river valleys is essential for a better understanding of river dynamics and alluvial storage, which buffers sedimentary signal transmission from source to sink. This study introduces kriging methods for predicting alluvial thickness geometries in the valley bottom using random fields with nonstationary geometric anisotropies. These anisotropies are constructed based on the contours of the alluvial plain. The two methods (one based on covariance and the other on Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDE)) are compared to kriging with stationary anisotropies. The main parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood and the different methods are tested using cross-validation. The methods incorporating nonstationary anisotropies exhibit lower uncertainties than the stationary anisotropy approach and produce patterns that align more realistically with river geomorphic and sedimentologic knowledge. Evidence of braided patterns, rifflepool geometry related to meandering, and scouring at confluences is observed at the scale of the valley width. Finally, it is estimated that about 2.30 km 3 of alluvium is currently stored in the studied Oise valley bottom. Although the method was applied to an alluvial setting, it could be easily adapted to other geological contexts where anisotropy fields can be estimated, such as faulted and folded structures, supergene mineralization or environmental context to track pollutants dissemination in rivers
L’agent “vague” et l’indemnisation des catastrophes naturelles
No full textInternational audienceThe "wave" agent and the compensation for natural disasters. While it is a natural agent capable of causing a natural disaster, the wave is not currently defined in insurance law. However, as this article aims ti demonstrate, developing a specific legal characterization for waves could enhance the application of the "CatNat" compensation regime.https://droit.cairn.info/revue-revue-juridique-de-lenvironnement-2025-2-page-279?lang=fr.Alors qu'elle est un agent naturel susceptible d'être à l'origine d'une catastrophe naturelle, la vague n'est pas définie en droit des assurances. Une identification plus précise pourrait participer à une meilleure application du régime "CatNat" https://droit.cairn.info/revue-revue-juridique-de-lenvironnement-2025-2-page-279?lang=fr
Brève histoire des conseils de préfecture (1800-1953)
No full textNational audienceActes du colloque tenu au Conseil d'État le 15 décembre 2023.Résumé de l'ouvrage :En 2023, les tribunaux administratifs fêtent leur soixante-dixième anniversaire. C'est en effet un décret du 30 septembre 1953 portant réforme du contentieux administratif qui a abrogé le système hérité du Consulat et celui des conseils de préfecture, pour y substituer, à compter du 29 décembre 1953, une organisation juridictionnelle moderne.L'article 2 du décret fait des tribunaux administratifs le juge de droit commun du contentieux administratif. Leur création, entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 1954, a permis de désengorger le Conseil d'État face à l'augmentation des recours qui générait des délais de jugement de plus en plus longs. Avec cette réforme débute la constitution d'un véritable ordre juridictionnel, couronné par le Conseil d'État, et achevé dans les deux dernières décennies du XXe siècle, avec l'entée en vigueur des cours administratives d'appel, la reconnaissance de la qualité de magistrat aux membres des tribunaux administratifs et des cours administratives d'appel
The "Agroecology & Markets" project led by the INRAE sector groups
No full textThe agrifood sector encountered increasing market segmentation, with the proliferation of public and private quality claims (i.e. labels), which commit the supply chains to the building of differentiated production, processing and distribution practices. We know very little about the way in which value chains move towards agroecology, particularly for value chains with quality labels other than organic farming. From 2022 to 2023, INRAE’s Scientific Division for Agriculture conducted an exploratory project with 11 sector research groups of INRAE to analyse how differentiated supply chains are committing to agroecology. This project, entitled ‘Agroecology and Market’, was based on desk research and interviews with over 60 actors from the interbranch organisations and different stages in agrifood chains. This introductory article presents the rationale for the project, the mission of the INRAE sector research groups and the 28 case studies selected for illustrative purposes in order to conduct this exploratory analysis in a diverse range of production and supply chain contexts.International audienceThe agrifood sector encountered increasing market segmentation, with the proliferation of public and private quality claims (i.e. labels), which commit the supply chains to the building of differentiated production, processing and distribution practices. We know very little about the way in which value chains move towards agroecology, particularly for value chains with quality labels other than organic farming. From 2022 to 2023, INRAE's Scientific Division for Agriculture conducted an exploratory project with 11 sector research groups of INRAE to analyse how differentiated supply chains are committing to agroecology. This project, entitled 'Agroecology and Market', was based on desk research and interviews with over 60 actors from the interbranch organisations and different stages in agrifood chains. This introductory article presents the rationale for the project, the mission of the INRAE sector research groups and the 28 case studies selected for illustrative purposes in order to conduct this exploratory analysis in a diverse range of production and supply chain contexts
Stepping forward, treading wisely: a crossed frontier in robotic liver transplantation
No full textInternational audienc
Longitudinal associations between household use of "green" cleaning products and asthma symptoms
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: The household use of irritant and sprayed cleaning products is an established asthma risk factor, which could motivate consumers to turn to "green" products. However, only two cross-sectional studies, with inconsistent results, evaluated the potential respiratory health impacts of "green" products. OBJECTIVE: We investigated 2-years effects on asthma of household use of "green" products and irritants/sprays, using longitudinal data from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. METHODS: The asthma symptom score and household use of "green" products and irritants/sprays were evaluated using standardized questionnaires in 2018 and 2020. The evolution of weekly use (persistent, increased versus no weekly use) was studied in association with (i) the asthma symptom score in 2020; (ii) the incidence of asthma symptoms between 2018-2020 (incidence vs. asymptomatic); (iii) the evolution of asthma symptoms between 2018-2020 (improvement, deterioration vs. symptomatic stable) by logistic regressions. Models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, body mass index, educational level, and use of irritants/sprays (for "green" products). RESULTS: Our study was based on 30,012 adults (mean age: 49 years(sd:14), 74% women). For irritants/sprays, a persistent (40%) and an increased (26%) use was associated with asthma symptoms (Mean Score Ratio(MSR)=1.26[1.18-1.34] and MSR=1.14[1.06-1.22], respectively), incidence (OR=1.30[1.16-1.45] and OR=1.07[0.95-1.20]), and deterioration (OR=1.48[1.19-1.85] and OR=1.28[1.01-1.64]). For green products, a persistent (20%) and an increased (12%) use was associated with symptoms in 2020 (MSR=1.08[1.01-1.16] and MSR=1.07[0.99-1.16]), and associations were suggested with incidence (OR=1.09[0.97-1.22] and OR=1.11[0.97-1.27]). CONCLUSION: Persistent and increased use of irritants/sprays but also "green" products was associated with deleterious effects on asthma over time
Effet tunnel semiclassique pour des opérateurs de Schrödinger 1D avec potentiels complexes.
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the non-selfadjoint, semiclassical Schrödinger operator , where and is even and vanishes at exactly two (symmetric) non-degenerate minima. We establish a semiclassical tunneling result: the spectrum of near the origin is given by a sequence of algebraically simple eigenvalues which come in exponentially close pairs (within a distance where S > 0 is explicit), each pair being separated from the others by a distance . A one-term estimate of the gap between the two smallest eigenvalues in magnitude is derived; it reveals that, when , they quickly rotate around each other as goes to .On considère l'opérateur de Schrödinger semiclassique non-autoadjoint , où et est pair et s'annule exactement en deux minima (symétriques) non-dégénérés. On établit une formule d'effet tunnel semiclassique : le spectre de près de l'origine est donné par une suite de paires de propres algébriquement simples regroupées par paires exponentiellement proches (à une distance où S > 0 est explicite), chaque paire étant séparée des autres par une distance . On donne un équivalent de l'écart entre les deux valeurs propres les plus proches de l'origines; celui-ci révèle que, lorsque , elles tournent rapidement l'une autour de l'autre lorsque tend vers
