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Citizen Profiles Based on Social Capital in the Spanish Fiscal Context: Profile Development and Multivariate Consistency Analysis
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have established that social capital plays a significant role in individual tax-related behaviors, including inclinations toward tax evasion and compliance. This study seeks to extend the understanding of tax morale in Spain using data from the Public Opinion and Fiscal Policy Survey (CIS, Study 3332). We use factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction and Varimax rotation to identify key social capital variables and tax attitudes. We identify profiles based on their social capital and tax compliance using cluster analysis. We will apply hierarchical clustering with Ward's chaining and k-means clustering. The robustness of the resulting profiles will be confirmed by discriminant analysis and a multilayer perceptron neural network, which will look for higher rates of correct classification as an indicator of improved profile consistency. Our findings suggest that identifying Spanish tax citizens' profiles helps analyze social capital in tax policy. After our analysis, we have determined that enhancing the accumulation of social capital variables leads to better tax adherence
Multicentric prospective evaluation of Pneumocystis jirovecii fungal load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid fractions using qPCR
No full textInternational audienceBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is the key sample type for diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, with quantitative PCR (qPCR) providing high sensitivity and specificity. However, sample processing varies considerably between laboratories, and optimal nucleic acid extraction method for BALF remains undetermined. This retrospective multicenter study, conducted in 12 centers as part of the Fungal PCR Initiative, assessed the efficacy of P. jirovecii detection by qPCR in different BALF fractions, including whole (WHO), pellet (PEL), and supernatant (SUP). Samples that were P. jirovecii-qPCR-positive during routine testing were divided into the three predefined fractions prior to nucleic acid extraction and qPCR, comparing detection rates and quantification cycle (Cq) values. Out of 113 P. jirovecii-qPCR-positive BALF samples, 339 qPCR measurements were analyzed. The PEL fraction demonstrated a similar detection rate to the WHO fraction, with positivity rates of 92.9% and 88.5%, respectively. The SUP fraction showed a lower positivity rate of 71.7%, dropping to 47% for high Cq values (Cq>35). Quantitative analysis showed that the SUP fraction consistently yielded higher Cq values, trailing by 3.05 cycles compared to WHO, while PEL showed a smaller deviation (0.49 cycles), confirming its efficiency in retaining P. jirovecii genetic material for qPCR detection. The study concludes that the SUP fraction is suboptimal for P. jirovecii detection due to higher Cq values, suggesting lower fungal loads. The PEL and WHO fractions are comparable, suggesting that the pellet is a viable alternative, permitting the concentration of larger BALF volumes to levels that can be extracted across a range of platforms
Le film documentaire « Nani India » (Benoît Raoulx, 2023, 98 mn). Un regard de recherche-création sur la transmission au sein d’une famille interculturelle (fiche présentation du film)
No full textCe texte est une présentation du film documentaire de recherche création NANI INDIA réalisé par Benoît Raoulx.Synopsis ENG “Every year, with my wife Rupa and our two kids Felix Raghav and Anouk Tara, we visit the family home in Delhi. “Nani India” (“Grandmother India”, Rupa’s mother) lives there alone and performs the rituals that strictly punctuates her life. While I am discovering a world, this one carries its own vanishing. The film, shot over a decade, shares a gaze upon the birth of a memory and the transmission in a multicultural family ”ENG 2023, "Nani India", 98 mn, Hdv, Production : Les Films de l’Autre Côté. With the support of Région Normandie (Normandy Region) in partnership with the French National Cinema Centre (CNC), the French Ministery of Culture, The Institute for Research Social Sciences, University of Caen Normandy (Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines, Université de Caen-Normandie), ANGOA/PROCIREP (national production fund).Direction, camera, sound: Benoît Raoulx. Editing: Philippe Dauty. Translations: Rupa Bagga-Raoulx. Languages: French, English, Hindi, Punjabi, SanskritSubtitled Versions: FR, ENG and bilingual FR/ENGSynopsis FR « Chaque année, ma femme Rupa, nos deux enfants, Félix Raghav, Anouk Tara et moi, nous nous rendons à Delhi, dans la maison familiale. « Nani India » – « Grand-mère Inde », la mère de Rupa – y vit seule, inscrite dans les rituels qui rythment rigoureusement son existence. En même temps que je découvre un monde, celui-ci porte son propre effacement. Le film, tourné sur une dizaine d’années, partage un regard sur une mémoire en train de naître et sur la transmission dans une famille multiculturelle ».Fiche technique du film FR 2023, Nani India, 98 mn, Hdv, Production : Les Films de l’Autre Côté. Film réalisé avec le soutien de la Région Normandie en partenariat avec le CNC, du Ministère de la culture (Direction du patrimoine immatériel), de la Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Université de Caen-Normandie), de l’ANGOA et de la PROCIREP.Réalisation, image, son : Benoît Raoulx. Montage : Philippe Dauty. Traductions : Rupa Bagga-Raoulx.Langues : français, anglais, hindi, pendjabi, sanscrit. Versions sous-titrées : FR, ENG et bilingue FR/ENGEn replay la bande annonce de Nani India sur : https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/la-forge-numerique/bande-annonce-de-nani-india-un-film-de-benoit-raoulx-2023</a
Experience of financial hardship and depression: a longitudinal population-based multi-state analysis
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Aims Little is known about the effects of both financial hardship and people’s perception of it on mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perceived financial hardship on individuals’ depressive symptoms across several strata of objective financial situations. Methods We used data from a four-wave French national population-based cohort ( N = 14,236, 2020–2022) to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and perceived financial hardship. Multi-state models (MSM) were used on a three-level scale for depressive symptom severity based on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Analyses were stratified by household income to study the interaction with the objective financial situation. Results We showed a link between perceived financial hardship and the onset and deterioration of depressive symptoms in subsequent waves, with effect sizes ranging from HR = 1.29 (0.87-1.90) to 2.23 (1.66-2.98). This association was stronger in the high-income population. There was no significant link between perceived financial hardship and the improvement of depressive symptomatology. Conclusions This study confirms that perceived financial hardship is linked to the onset and deterioration of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it suggests a stronger effect in high-income households, which could mean that the experience of financial hardship and the objective financial situation interact in their effect on mental health
Selective disruption of DNMT1/ELK1 interactions induces DGKI re-expression and promotes temozolomide sensitivity of MGMT(methylated)/DGKI(methylated) glioblastoma
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of agents for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, particularly in malignancies with limited therapeutic options such as glioblastoma (GB). In GB, the MGMT/DGKI methylation profile serves as a biomarker for stratifying patients by treatment response. Specifically, the MGMT(methylated)/DGKI(unmethylated) profile is associated with favorable outcomes, whereas the MGMT(methylated)/DGKI(methylated) profile correlates with poor outcome. These findings suggest that selective demethylation of DGKI without altering MGMT or inducing widespread genomic hypomethylation, which may promote tumorigenesis, could represent a novel and more effective therapeutic strategy. RESULTS: Current DNMT inhibitors lack specificity for glioblastoma relevant methylation profiles, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, AlphaFold-based protein-protein interaction predictions were integrated with sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and established DNMT1 interactome data. This integrative approach led to the identification of a DNMT1/ELK1 complex as a critical regulator of DGKI methylation. A peptide mimicking the DNMT1/ELK1 interface, designated EXD(DNMT1/ELK1), was designed and shown to induce selective DGKI demethylation without altering MGMT or inducing global DNA hypomethylation. Notably, EXD(DNMT1/ELK1) did note promote cellular proliferation or invasion, and successfully restored sensitivity to standard glioblastoma therapy in both cellular and in vivo models. These findings also support the use of MGMT and DGKI methylation levels in cell-free DNA as potential biomarkers to identify patients likely to benefit from EXD(DNMT1/ELK1) treatment. CONCLUSION: This study identifies a clinically actionable biomarker (MGMT(Methylated)/DGKI(Methylated)), detectable in both solid and liquid biopsies, enabling patient stratification. Furthermore, it establishes EXD(DNMT1/ELK1) as a highly selective epigenetic therapeutic agent to treat GB patients
Redox-driven mineral and organic associations in Jezero Crater, Mars
No full textInternational audienceThe Perseverance rover has explored and sampled igneous and sedimentary rocks within Jezero Crater to characterize early Martian geological processes and habitability and search for potential biosignatures 1-7 . Upon entering Neretva Vallis, on Jezero Crater's western edge 8 , Perseverance investigated distinctive mudstone and conglomerate outcrops of the Bright Angel formation. Here we report a detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical survey of these rocks and show that organic-carbon-bearing mudstones in the Bright Angel formation contain submillimetre-scale nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and sulfide minerals, likely vivianite and greigite, respectively. This organic carbon appears to have participated in post-depositional redox reactions that produced the observed iron-phosphate and iron-sulfide minerals. Geological context and petrography indicate that these reactions occurred at low temperatures. Within this context, we review the various pathways by which redox reactions that involve organic matter can produce the observed suite of iron-, sulfur-and phosphorus-bearing minerals in laboratory and natural environments on Earth. Ultimately, we conclude that analysis of the core sample collected from this unit using high-sensitivity instrumentation on Earth will enable the measurements required to determine the origin of the minerals, organics and textures it contains
Durable Responses With Front‐Line Rituximab in Autoimmune Cytopenias Associated With Indolent B‐Cell Clones
No full textInternational audienceDurable responses with front-line rituximab in autoimmune cytopenias associated with indolent B-Cell clones
Evaluation of AI-assisted PD-L1 CPS scoring in immunostained pan-organ tumor whole-slide images.
No full textInternational audienceBackground: PD-L1 inhibitors have shown remarkable results in oncology, yet many patients fail to respond, underscoring the importance of reliable assessment of PD-L1 expression for patient selection. PD-L1 scoring, especially the Combined Positive Score (CPS), is hindered by inter-observer variability, complex staining patterns, and technical discrepancies across platforms and antibody clones. These challenges may impact therapeutic decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a solution by standardizing PD-L1 evaluation. This study evaluates Diadeep PD-L1 CPS AI solution designed to provide reproducible and robust PD-L1 scoring across diverse tumors and conditions. Methods: AI performance was validated on 142 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples spanning multiple tumor types (GI, head and neck, breast, uterine cervix) and sourced from four centers, reflecting diverse staining protocols (22C3 and QR001 clones; BenchMark ULTRA and Omnis/Dako platforms). The routine scores were available for these cases. A Gold Standard was established through independent retrospective scoring by three blinded senior pathologists, which allowed to compute the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The scoring was followed by collegial discussions to resolve discordant cases and ensure medical consensus. After a washout period, pathologists re-evaluated the cases with the AI assistance. AI-computed scores and routine manual scores were evaluated and compared by using the Gold Standard as a reference and the organ-specific recommended cut-offs. Results: The AI assistance improved interobserver agreement among pathologists, with the ICC increasing from 0.62 to 0.74. This effect was particularly pronounced for challenging cases with CPS &lt; 20 (n = 91), where ICC improved from 0.19 to 0.62, underscoring the AI’s value in reducing variability near clinical decision thresholds. Moreover, the AI-based scoring tool demonstrated superior accuracy (88%) compared to routine manual scoring (75%) in classifying PD-L1 expression based on clinical cutoffs. Sensitivity was significantly higher with AI (96% vs. 78%, p &lt; 0.001), while the positive predictive value was comparable (88% vs. 87%), indicating an improved ability to detect true positive cases. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of an AI-driven tool to enhance PD-L1 scoring by significantly improving accuracy and reducing inter-observer variability, particularly in cases near clinical decision thresholds where consistency is critical. By delivering reliable and reproducible results, the AI algorithm addresses key challenges in PD-L1 evaluation, ensuring more precise patient stratification for immunotherapy. Beyond accuracy, the integration of such tools into clinical workflows could optimize patient selection and improve therapeutic outcomes, offering oncologists greater confidence in treatment decisions
L'espace au service de la santé
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/613821/)International audienceSpace exploration goes beyond the mere conquest of new territories, it is also a major driver of innovation in the medical field. The space environment, characterized by microgravity or partial gravity, radiations, isolation and confinement, presents significant physiological, psychological and biological challenges for astronauts. To safeguard their health, advanced technological solutions are being developed, ranging from telemedicine to physiological monitoring systems and technologies for assistive diagnostic and care. Space challenges and constraints and the related R&D are thus a driver and an accelerator for health innovations that may benefit both for space and health on earth, especially for extreme and remote environments where access to healthcare is limited. Moreover, space-derived technologies and data, particularly thanks to observation, geolocalisation and communication satellites, play a crucial role in public health. They can contribute to early health warning and epidemiological surveillance, to the detection of environmental risks affecting human health, and the improvement of remote healthcare access, especially in isolated areas. In France, the National Centre for Space Studies (CNES) and the Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES) are key players in these advancements. In collaboration with scientific and industrial communities, they actively contribute to research and the development of new medical technologies tailored to the challenges of space exploration while being transferable to terrestrial applications. Thanks to these efforts, space has become a laboratory for medical innovation, with benefits extending not only to astronauts but also to populations on Earth facing similar health challenges.L'exploration spatiale dépasse la simple conquête de nouveaux territoires, elle représente aussi un levier majeur d'innovation dans le domaine médical. L'environnement spatial, caractérisé par la microgravité, les radiations et l'isolement, impose des défis physiologiques, psychologiques et biologiques aux astronautes. Pour préserver leur santé, des solutions technologiques avancées sont développées, allant de la télémédecine aux systèmes de surveillance physiologique ou plus généralement à des systèmes d'assistance pour l'aide au diagnostic et aux soins. Les défis que posent les missions spatiales permettent ainsi d'accélérer des innovations pour répondre à la fois aux besoins spatiaux et à des applications sur Terre, notamment pour le suivi médical en environnements isolés ou extrêmes où l'accès aux soins est limité. Par ailleurs, les technologies ou données issues du spatial, notamment grâce aux satellites d'observation, de communication ou aux services de géolocalisation, peuvent jouer un rôle crucial en santé publique. Elles permettent de contribuer à la surveillance sanitaire, de détecter des risques environnementaux affectant la santé humaine et d'améliorer l'accès aux soins à distance, notamment dans les zones reculées. En France, le Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) et l'Institut de médecine et de physiologie spatiales (MEDES) sont des acteurs clés dans ces avancées. En collaboration avec les communautés scientifiques et industrielles, ils participent activement à la recherche et au développement de nouvelles technologies médicales adaptées aux défis de l'exploration spatiale et transposables aux besoins terrestres. Grâce à ces efforts, l'espace devient un laboratoire d'innovation médicale, dont les retombées bénéficient aussi bien aux astronautes qu'aux populations terrestres confrontées à des défis similaires en matière de santé
SPACK, a spatio-temporal database to study the history of whaling, sealing and fishing in the French Southern Islands from the 1780s to the 1930s
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents the building of a spatial-temporal database called SPACK, dedicated to the presence of hunting and fishing vessels in the waters of the French Southern Islands (TAAF): Saint-Paul, Amsterdam, Crozet and Kerguelen Islands, located between 37∘S and 49∘S latitudes. Although remote and uninhabited, these islands' coasts have been exploited since the late 18th century and integrated into a globalized trade network. Until France re-asserted its sovereignty a century later, they were considered res nullius. Knowledge about the vessels that hunted and fished on these islands was necessary to understand the history of the appropriation and exploitation of natural resources and the issues of public policies to preserve the environment. The SPACK database includes 1,241 hunting and fishing voyages recorded by area, involving twelve departure countries. This paper describes the methods used to collect, select and cross-reference data extracted from disparate and dispersed primary and secondary sources. It discusses the reliability of spatial and temporal data and presents the implementation of the database. Finally, it presents a use case for the SPACK database with a summary of the key findings related to sealing and whaling expeditions