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Jean-François Bert, Le corps qui pense: Une anthropologie historique des pratiques savantes Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2023. Pp. 176. ISBN 978-3-7965-4873-4.
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Single cell profiling of circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells from patients with autoimmune liver diseases suggests tissue imprinting
No full textInternational audienceAutoimmune liver diseases (AILD) involve dysregulated CD4 T cell responses against liver self-antigens, but how these autoreactive T cells relate to liver tissue pathology remains unclear. Here we perform single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor analyses of circulating, self-antigen-specific CD4 T cells from patients with AILD and identify a subset of liver-autoreactive CD4 T cells with a distinct B-helper transcriptional profile characterized by PD-1, TIGIT and HLA-DR expression. These cells share clonal relationships with expanded intrahepatic T cells and exhibit transcriptional signatures overlapping with tissue-resident T cells in chronically inflamed environments. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that, following antigen recognition in the liver, CD4 T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype, play a crucial role in liver damage, and are controlled by immune checkpoint pathways. Our findings thus suggest that circulating autoreactive CD4 T cells in AILD are imprinted by chronic antigen exposure to promote liver inflammation, thereby serving as a potential target for developing biomarkers and therapies for AILD
Compte-rendu de l'ouvrage de Judith Rohman, Le Héros et la Déesse. Personnages, stratégies narratives et effets de lecture dans l’Énéide de Virgile
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Incomplete reporting of adverse events in duloxetine trials: a meta-research survey of randomized controlled trials versus placebo
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Relying on published data alone might be insufficient for meta-analyses to be reliable and trustworthy since selective outcome reporting is common, especially for adverse events. We investigated the existence of selective reporting and its potential for bias in a case study exploring adverse events of duloxetine in adults.Study design and setting: We systematically searched all previous meta-analyses/pooled analyses on duloxetine published on PubMed for 7 indications approved by the American and European health authorities. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCT) versus placebo. For each RCT, we extracted the number of serious adverse events (SAE), adverse events (AE), drop-outs (DO) and drop-outs for safety reasons (DOSR) using 4 information sources: published articles, clinical study registries, clinical study reports and data available in meta-analyses/pooled analyses. To assess the range of differences resulting from these 4 extraction strategies, we performed 4 meta-analyses using random effect models as well as a complete meta-analysis combining all sources.Results: 70 RCTs (including 24,330 patients) were included. Of those, SAEs were identified for 42 studies (61%) in published articles, 58 (84%) in study reports (8 study reports were not retrieved), 24 (34.7%) in registries, and 21 (30.4%) in meta-analyses/pooled analyses.For 2 (2.9%), 2 (2.9%), 2 (2.9%) and 1 (1.4%) studies, we found respectively no data on SAEs, AEs, DOs and DOSRs in any sources. Discrepant results across sources were found in 24 (34.5%), 20 (28.5%), 13 (18.6%) and 9 (12.8%) studies, respectively for SAEs, AEs, DOs and DOSRs. Despite variations in point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals, we did not find different results in the conclusions of meta-analyses depending on the different information sources used, except for DOs, for which no effect was found using results published in registries, in contrast to other information sources.Conclusion: None of the four information sources provided complete retrieval of safety results for duloxetine in adults across various indications. However, we did not find strong evidence that this under-reporting leads to different conclusions in meta-analyses. Nonetheless, this finding remains uncertain, as we were unable to obtain complete information for all studies despite extensive searches
Harnessing the spatial and transcriptional regulation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in Alstonia scholaris leads to the identification of broad geissoschizine cyclase activities
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Patrimoine en mouvement : le corps archive du danseur
No full textInternational audienceHow can we preserve living heritage, particularly when it involves bodies in motion? In dance, this question intersects with the challenges of building a contemporary repertoire and archiving. Living memory is preserved through the kinetic memory of performers. While bodies archive dance, the art form and its underlying choreographic intentions leave other imprints: writings, scores, recordings, costumes, and more. Les Carnets Bagouet are pioneering in their approach to transmission, preserving the memory of the late choreographer’s work. Traces of all kinds, bearing witness to the context and process of creation or the dissemination of the work, become the focus of archival research. By examining the case of the Centre chorégraphique national de Montpellier (National Choreographic Centre of Montpellier) and the choreographers Dominique Bagouet and Mathilde Monnier, who successively directed it, this article aims to articulate the concept of the “body-archive” within a broader framework of archival reflections, including “the two bodies of the archive”. This approach enables us to consider the archiving of a work not only retrospectively, in the context of reenactments, reappropriations, and reinterpretations, but also during the creation process itself, taking into account the unique challenges of choreographic art and the potential future uses of the archived material.Comment faire patrimoine du vivant, qui plus est quand il s’agit de corps en mouvement ? En danse, cette question croise celles de la constitution d’un répertoire contemporain et de mise en archives. La conservation de la mémoire vivante s’opère via la mémoire kinésique des interprètes. Les corps archivent la danse, mais la danse et l’intention chorégraphique qui y préside laissent d’autres empreintes : écrits, partitions, captations, costumes etc. Les Carnets Bagouet font figure de pionniers dans l’entreprise de transmission. Ce sont les passeurs de mémoire de l’œuvre du chorégraphe disparu. Les traces de toute nature témoignant du contexte et du processus de création ou de la diffusion de l’œuvre deviennent lieu de questionnements archivistiques. En développant l’exemple du Centre chorégraphique national de Montpellier et des chorégraphes Dominique Bagouet et Mathilde Monnier qui l’ont dirigé, cette proposition entend articuler le concept du corps archive dans un ensemble plus vaste de réflexions archivistiques ainsi que sur « les deux corps de l’archive » permettant de mettre en perspective l’archivage d’une œuvre non pas seulement a posteriori quand il s’agit d’entreprise de reenactment, de réappropriations, de relectures, mais également au moment de la création en tenant compte des enjeux de l’art chorégraphique et des possibles desseins envisagés
Do French Local Youth Policies Still Fail to Address Gender Issues? Lessons From the RAJE Project
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses the way in which gender issues are taken into account in the development of youth policies at a local level in France, and more specifically in three rural areas of Brittany. The study is being conducted through the “Recherche-Action, Jeunesses et Engagements” (RAJE) project, which has been running since January 2024. Involving decision-makers, youth workers and young people, it is an interesting field for understanding how gender issues emerge and are integrated on the youth policy agenda. Based on a collective narrative, this article both sheds light and questions the ways in which gendered subjectivities are interwoven with the engagement dynamics studied and experimented within the action-research. We analyze local situations in a reflexive and qualitative way, which allow us to formulate several hypotheses on the brakes and levers on putting gender issues on local policies’ agenda. Our work suggests that the gendered distribution of power in social contexts (both political and professional), the mechanisms of gender assignment, and the reproduction of heteronormative stereotypes are not only avenues of inquiry for our action-research, but also main ethical and political issues
Efficacité d’un programme d’activité physique adaptée sur l’anxiété, la dépression et l’estime de soi dans un échantillon hétérogène : un essai contrôlé randomisé
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Adapted Physical Activity (APA) interventions in improving the mental health of individuals. However, a limitation of these studies is their predominant focus on homogeneous groups, characterized by similar diseases or disorders and characteristics. Thus, effects associated with these groups may largely account for the observed benefits, rather than the physical activity itself. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an eight-week APA intervention on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in a heterogeneous group of participants with diverse health conditions and ages. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 38) that engaged in the eight-week APA intervention or a control group (n = 31) that delayed participation. The findings of this study provide compelling evidence that an APA intervention significantly improves self-esteem while reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, even in a heterogeneous group. These results contribute to the understanding of the effects of APA on mental health outcomes and support its implementation for diverse populations. Further research comparing homogeneous and heterogeneous groups and exploring the underlying mechanisms is warranted.Au cours des dernières décennies, de nombreuses études ont montré l’efficacité des interventions d’activité physique adaptée (APA) pour améliorer la santé mentale des individus. Toutefois, une limite de ces études réside dans leur focalisation prédominante sur des groupes homogènes, caractérisés par des maladies, des troubles ou des caractéristiques similaires. Ainsi, les effets associés à ces groupes pourraient expliquer en grande partie les bénéfices observés, davantage que l’activité physique elle-même.Cette étude visait à examiner l’impact d’une intervention d’APA de huit semaines sur l’anxiété, la dépression et l’estime de soi au sein d’un groupe hétérogène de participants présentant des états de santé et des âges variés. Les participants ont été répartis aléatoirement soit dans un groupe expérimental (n = 38) ayant suivi l’intervention d’APA de huit semaines, soit dans un groupe témoin (n = 31) dont la participation a été différée.Les résultats apportent des preuves convaincantes qu’une intervention d’APA améliore significativement l’estime de soi tout en réduisant les symptômes d’anxiété et de dépression, même dans un groupe hétérogène. Ces résultats contribuent à la compréhension des effets de l’APA sur la santé mentale et soutiennent son implantation auprès de populations diverses. Des recherches complémentaires comparant des groupes homogènes et hétérogènes, et explorant les mécanismes sous-jacents, sont nécessaires