Portail HAL UA (Université d'Angers)
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Droit et incertitude
No full textInternational audiencePervasive in contemporary society, the phenomenon of uncertainty is often perceived as external to the legal norm. Yet it is inherently tied to the legislative process that seeks to address it, and in doing so, uncertainty inevitably shapes the law itself. Situated between the imperative to combat legal insecurity and the need to preserve the flexibility of legal norms, this volume offers both a theoretical and practical analysis of the relationship between law and uncertainty—across public and private law, as well as international and criminal law. Its objective is twofold: to contribute to the conceptualization of legal uncertainty through a range of illustrative examples, and to evaluate, in concrete terms, the legal methodologies that serve to mitigate uncertainty within the legal order.Omniprésent dans notre société, le phénomène de l'incertitude y est d'abord perçu comme un fait extérieur à la règle de droit. Pourtant, intrinsèque à l'élaboration de la loi qui tente d'y remédier, l'incertitude la modèle nécessairement. Ainsi, entre la lutte contre l'insécurité juridique et la valorisation de la souplesse des normes juridiques, l'ouvrage offre à la fois une vision théorique et pratique des rapports entre droit et incertitude, tant en droit public qu'en droit privé, international ou pénal. L'objectif est de contribuer à la conceptualisation de l'incertitude en droit en apportant de nombreuses illustrations. Il est aussi d'évaluer en pratique les méthodes juridiques qui permettent de réduire l'incertain en droit
Innovative cell therapies for systemic sclerosis: available evidence and new perspectives
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the rheumatic disease with the highest individual mortality rate with a detrimental impact on quality of life. Cell-based therapies may offer new perspectives for this disease as recent phase I trials support the safety of IV infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells in SSc and case reports highlight the potential use of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting CD19 in active SSc patients who have not responded to conventional immunosuppressive therapies.Areas covered: This narrative review highlights the most recent evidence supporting the use of cellular therapies in SSc as well as their potential mechanisms of action and discusses future perspectives for cell-based therapies in SSc. Medline/PubMed was used to identify the articles of interest, using the keywords 'Cellular therapies,' 'Mesenchymal stromal cells,' 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor' AND 'systemic sclerosis.' Milestones articles reported by the authors were also used.Expert opinion: Cellular therapies may represent an opportunity for long-term remission/cure in patients with different autoimmune diseases, including SSc who have not responded to conventional therapies. Multiple ongoing phase I/II trials will provide greater insights into the efficacy and toxicity of cellular therapies
: Éco-anxiété au travail : émergence d'un nouveau facteur de risque psychosocial ?
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Heat-related mortality in Mexico: A multi-scale spatial analysis of extreme heat effects and municipality-level vulnerability
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding effects of extreme heat across diverse settings is critical as social determinants play an important role in modifying heat-related risks. We apply a multi-scale analysis to understand spatial variation in the effects of heat across Mexico and explore factors that are explaining heterogeneity. Daily all-cause mortality was collected from the Mexican Secretary of Health and municipality-specific extreme heat events were estimated using population-weighted temperatures from 1998 to 2019 using Daymet and WorldPop datasets. We analyzed the association between single-day extreme heat events defined at the 99th percentile of the same-day maximum temperature and mortality, and seven heat threshold metrics based on relative and absolute scales were considered as sensitivity analyses. A time-stratified case-crossover was applied to evaluate heat impacts across 32 states in Mexico. A within-community matched design with Bayesian Hierarchical model explored effects across 2456 municipalities. A random-effects meta-regression was applied to understand which municipality-level socio-demographic characteristics such as education, age and housing predicted observed spatial heterogeneity. Extreme heat increased the odds of mortality overall, and this was consistent across extreme heat thresholds. At the state level, extreme heat events showed highest impact on mortality in Tabasco [OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.30]. The municipality-level spatial analysis showed substantial differences across regions with highest effects observed along the eastern, southwestern and Sonora coasts. Municipalities with older populations, higher marginalization, lower education, and poorer housing conditions were more vulnerable to heat effects. Understanding the differential risks of extreme heat events at varying scales is important to prioritize at-risk populations in action plans and policies to reduce their burden
Centralized investigator review of radiological and functional imaging reports in real‐world oncology studies: The SACHA‐France experience
No full textInternational audienceSACHA‐France (NCT04477681) is a prospective real‐world study that collects clinical safety and efficacy data of novel anticancer therapies prescribed off‐label or on compassionate use to patients <25 years. From March 2020 until February 2024, 640 patients with solid tumors or lymphomas were included, with 176 (28%) reported objective tumor responses. Centralized medical monitoring of local radiological/functional imaging reports by the SACHA coordinating investigator led to response modification in 45 out of 176 cases (26%), highlighting the relevance of the medical review of study data. We suggest this pragmatic approach for improving clinical trial data when centralized radiological review is not performed
Progress in research on tourists with mental disorders: A critical review and the way forward
No full textInternational audienceThe global rise in mental disorders presents new challenges for tourism, an industry inadequately prepared to accommodate tourists with such conditions. Despite increasing scholarly interest in recent years, the study of tourists with mental disorders remains fragmented and underdeveloped. This work critically reviews 38 academic papers on this focal subject, published from 2004 to 2024, employing systematic narrative analysis. It identifies ten themes that map out the existing research across three stakeholder groups: tourists and caregivers, tourism providers, and governments and third parties. The literature synthesis offers an insightful and comprehensive overview of the current state of scientific knowledge in the field. Subsequently, an Inclusive Tourism Management Model is established, integrating the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, delineating challenges, and recommending strategies to ensure accessible and enriching tourism experiences for these tourists. Upon unveiling research gaps, this work proposes 13 research questions to guide theoretical, practical, and methodological advancements
Kinetic analysis of TCPP emission from fireproofed upholstered furniture under realistic indoor conditions
No full textPre-print : https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4925260.International audienceBetter understanding the characteristics and mechanisms governing the indoor emissions of organophosphorus flame-retardants is important to more accurately estimate the human exposure to these compounds and develop risk management strategies that protect human health. This study provides an analysis of short- and long-term trends in Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP) emissions from furniture. It is based on the monitoring over a period of almost one year of TCPP concentrations in indoor air and at the surface of a source material (upholstered furniture made of polyurethane (PU) foam containing TCPP) in two rooms for office use. The emission rate was estimated at 8 µg.m-2.h-1 in average with no decline trend observed after about one year's emission. The released mass of TCPP over one year represented about 0.2 % of the initial content of TCPP in the material (2 % w/w). The source material/air partition coefficient (Kma) and its dependence on temperature appear to be the key parameters which control the emission rate. Kma was estimated at 8 × 107 for a temperature of 23 °C. The temperature dependence of Kma was addressed using the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and the enthalpy of partitioning between the source material and air, ΔHma (previously estimated at 91 kJ mol−1). This study led to the development of a model providing predictions on the long-term trend in TCPP emission from the source material. The simulations showed that the emission should persist over extended periods (several years) with the same intensity level. This characteristic increases the risks associated with inhalation exposure to TCPP
DERIVED MODULI OF SECTIONS AND PUSH-FORWARDS
No full textInternational audienceAbstract We use the derived moduli of sections R Sec ̲ M ( Z / C ) to give derived enhancements of various moduli spaces, including stable maps and stable quasi-maps, which are compatible with their usual perfect obstruction theories. As an application, we prove that G -theoretic stable map and quasi-map invariants of projective spaces are equal
