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Le lobby du sucre français entre dans les écoles. L'exemple des publications pédagogiques du Cédus (années 1950-années 1990)
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Glacial ring forms on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada
No full textInternational audienceRing forms are a type of landform consisting of a series of ridges and troughs with a circular, sinuous, and anastomosing morphology. This striking landform was initially identified in the Canadian High Arctic on the south coast of Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada. Here, we report on the identification of ring forms near Mokka Fiord on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. Utilizing field observations, ultra-high-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we characterize and compare the morphometry and sedimentology of ring forms at Mokka Fiord with other similar periglacial, paraglacial, and glacial landforms. The Mokka Fiord ring forms range in diameter from 6 to 37 m and reach up to 1.5 m in height and are composed of clast-rich glaciofluvial sediment and till. Based on both regional and local observations, results from nearby field investigations of glacial outwash plains on Axel Heiberg Island, and comparisons to other periglacial and glacial features sharing a similar morphology, we interpret Mokka Fiord ring forms as glacial in origin. Specifically, we propose Mokka Fiord ring forms are ice-marginal glaciofluvial kame terraces formed from the passive ablation of buried glacial ice, leading to the formation of hummocky ring forms. This formation mechanism supports a predominantly polythermal glacial environment with limited water supply throughout much of the Holocene
Crop modelling in and for horticulture: paradigms, methods, workflows and scales
No full textInternational audienceThe workflow from experimentation to modelling and decision-support is in many cases still going in one direction, and modellers are too little involved in the early stages of experimental design, with negative repercussions on data quality for parameterization. Data acquisition techniques are evolving rapidly, with high-throughput phenotyping devices becoming increasingly available. The challenge here is to (re)organize the workflow as to avoid data redundancy or lack of usability. Coupling model design with data acquisition and analysis at an early stage in the project, with mutual sharing of the responsibility for success or failure, sounds trivial but is the way to go forward. This keynote attempts to give a systematic overview of crop modelling paradigms, methods, workflows and hierarchical scales. While inevitably being biased due to personal experience and gridlocked opinions, it is meant to provide some orientation for the identification of knowledge gaps and future requirements in crop modelling applied to horticulture
Syndrome des abcès aseptiques : un potentiel lien avec des maladies autoinflammatoires monogèniques
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionLe syndrome des abcès aseptiques (AAS) est une maladie rare, avec la plus grande série de patients recensée en France comprenant 71 cas. L’AAS est souvent associé à des pathologies telles que les dermatoses neutrophiliques (pyoderma gangrenosum, syndrome de Sweet)ou les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI). Il partage certaines caractéristiques avec les maladies auto-inflammatoires, impliquant les cellules de l’immunité innée.Des variants du gène PSTPIP1 ont été rapportés dans des maladies liées à l’AAS, comme l’hidradénite suppurée. Des études ont exploré un lien potentiel entre le gène PSTPIP1 et l’AAS, mais aucune conclusion définitive n’a été établie quant à une origine monogénique dans l’étiologie de la maladie. La rareté de l’AAS, l’absence de cas familiaux et la variabilité phénotypique rendent difficile l’identification des gènes impliqués.L’objectif de notre étude était d’explorer une possible étiologie monogénique au développement des abcès aseptiques.Patients et méthodesNous avons inclus des patients français atteints d’AAS selon les critères définis par André et al. Un séquençage de l’exome a été réalisé et les variants rares d’intérêt dans des gènes associés à l’immunité ont été analysés.RésultatsDix patients ont été inclus, avec un âge moyen de 28,5 ± 10 ans, dont 50 % de femmes. Tous présentaient des abcès spléniques, avec des localisations supplémentaires au niveau du foie (n = 2) et de la peau (n = 3). Trois patients avaient une pathologie associée : maladie de Crohn (n = 1) et spondylarthrite ankylosante (n = 2). Les traitements comprenaient des corticoïdes (n = 9) et des immunosuppresseurs (n = 8). Des rechutes ont été observées chez 8 patients.Aucune mutation ponctuelle du gène PSTPIP1 n’a été identifiée chez les 10 patients. En revanche, un patient présentait un génotype pathogène compatible avec un déficit en mévalonate kinase (MKD). Un autre patient avait un variant hypomorphe probable dans le gène PLCG2, précédemment associé au phénotype APLAID chez un patient avec des abcès hépatiques stériles et un granulome hépatique nécrosant. Un troisième patient avec un AAS typique présentait un variant dans le gène NLRC4.ConclusionNos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que le syndrome des abcès aseptiques pourrait être associé à des maladies auto-inflammatoires monogéniques telles que le MKD ou l’APLAID. Il reste à déterminer si ces associations sont causales ou simplement contributives au phénotype de l’AAS
Fossil modernity and climate atrocity
No full textInternational audienceModern infrastructures, lifestyles, and thought patterns are deeply intertwined with fossil fuel consumption. Yet, this pervasive reliance drives unsustainable greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in the deliberate and systematic infliction of large-scale violence upon civilian populations—an outcome that aligns with the broader definition of mass atrocity. While climate violence markedly differs from traditionally recognized categories of mass atrocity such as genocides, crimes against humanity and war crimes, the concept of atrocity is inherently dynamic, expanding over time to encompass emerging forms of violence previously unacknowledged, such as ethnic cleansing and ecocide. Building on these developments, this paper proposes framing climate harm as a “climate atrocity” and argues that the mass atrocity framework sheds light on the social mechanisms underlying this harm. First, in contrast to ordinary crimes, mass atrocities are typically legitimized through value systems that normalize violence. Climate atrocity follows this pattern: though lacking intent, it is knowingly perpetrated and necessitates justification through various normative systems such as productivism, consumerism, and extractivism. Second, climate atrocity mirrors key social dynamics of modern atrocities, including compartmentalization, diffusion of responsibility, and conformism. However, the systematic integration of greenhouse gas emissions into daily life, coupled with the vast number of actors involved, complicates traditional distinctions between perpetrators and bystanders in unprecedented ways. Finally, climate denial echoes atrocity denial by obfuscating harm and enabling individuals to evade their responsibilities. Nevertheless, climate denial stands out in two ways: it stems from discourses driven by corporate interests, rather than solely by political leaders, and it challenges complex scientific constructs rather than simple facts. Ultimately, the atrocity paradigm provides a compelling analytical framework for understanding the structural foundations of climate harm, revealing both continuities and divergences from historical instances of mass violence
Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement among dermatologists in assessing suspected melanoma lesions captured by general practitioners with smartphones
No full textInternational audienceNo abstract availabl
Stripes and Strings: Facilitating sustainable Digital Humanities research
No full textInternational audienceDer Beitrag stellt die Dienstleistungsplattform „Stripes and Strings” vor, auf der Geisteswissenschaftler:innen, Archivar:innen und Bibliothekar:innen Unterstützung finden können, wenn sie auf der Suche nach nachhaltigen digitalen Technologien sind, die ihre Forschungsfrage bearbeiten können. Baillot betont dabei, dass im Bereich der Digital Humanities nach wie vor eine Kluft zwischen technischem Bedarf und Forschungsfragen besteht. Die Modellierung als zentrales Element im Prozess digitaler Forschung wird oftmals an technisches Personal ausgelagert, nicht zuletzt aufgrund mangelnder akademischer Reputation für Modellierungsleistungen. Dem will „Stripes and Strings” mit erkenntnistheoretischem Anspruch und dem Augenmerk auf Nachhaltigkeit in Bezug auf die Ressourcen unseres Planeten entgegenwirkeThe article introduces the service platform “Stripes and Strings”, where humanities scholars, archivists and librarians can find support looking for sustainable digital technologies that can address their research questions. Baillot emphasizes that in the field of digital humanities there is still a gap between technical needs and research questions. Modeling as a central element in the process of digital research is often outsourced to technical staff, not least due to a lack of academic reputation for modelling achievements. “Stripes and Strings" aims to counteract this with an epistemological approach and a focus on sustainability in relation to our planet’s resources
The impact of the time-of-day in the administration of immunotherapy and its efficacy in patients with advanced melanoma: A retrospective observational study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Certain publications suggest that immunotherapy would be more effective if it were synchronised with the circadian oscillations of the immune system. We hypothesised that late treatment delivery in melanoma patients would correlate with worse survival outcomes.Patients and methods: We conducted a monocentric retrospective study in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line therapy. We used the median clock time of all infusions (11:00) as the cut-off point to differentiate morning from afternoon. Patients were allocated to the morning or afternoon group depending on whether they had received >50% of their infusions before or after 11:00. A propensity score was calculated. Timing groups were assessed for association with overall and progression-free survival using a Cox proportional hazards model, survival curves were compared, and treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were analysed.Results: We included 154 patients treated with frontline immunotherapy in a metastatic setting from 1 January 2013 to 1 January 2022, with a median age of 67 years (interquartile range: 56-75). Late treatment delivery was associated neither with worse overall survival (median not reached [34.9-not estimable] vs. 70.8 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94 [0.63-1.39]) nor worse progression-free survival (22.3 vs. 26.5; HR = 0.99 [0.71-1.38]), and there were no differences in survival outcomes between the groups. Severe treatment-related AEs were significantly more frequent in the afternoon group than in the morning group (33 [34%] vs. 6 [11%] respectively, weighted p-value = 0.004).Conclusion: Timing was not associated with worse efficacy outcomes, but morning administration appears to improve safety
Beyond Beauty: Neurocosmetics, the Skin–Brain Axis, and the Future of Emotionally Intelligent Skincare
No full textInternational audienceThe bidirectional communication between the skin and brain has emerged as a promising scientific paradigm in dermatology and cosmetic medicine. Neurocosmetics, a frontier at the intersection of neuroscience, dermatology, and psychodermatology, aim to target this skin-brain axis to enhance not only skin health but also emotional well-being. This commentary explores the underlying neurocutaneous and neuroimmune mechanisms, the emerging role of the skin microbiome in emotion-linked skin responses, and how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can help personalize these strategies. The convergence of neuroscience and dermatology may pave the way for a new generation of evidence-based skincare with psychophysiological impact, a transformative concept in both clinical and cosmetic practice
Application of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodiodes in Optical Control and Detection of Neuronal Activity
No full textInternational audienceOptical techniques to study neuronal activity have greatly advanced the field of neuroscience over recent decades. Multichannel silicon-based recording probes combined with optical fibers allow for simultaneous recording and manipulation of neuronal activity that underpins cognitive processes and behavior. The recent development of neural probes incorporating organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photodiode-based organic photodetectors (OPDs) offer additional advantages of biocompatibility, ultra-small footprint, multifunctionality, and low cost. These developments are ushering in a new generation of devices that are ideal for the interrogation of neuronal activity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent progress in OLED- and OPD-based neural probes, their applications in the optical control of neuronal function, and current challenges and prospects for the future