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Safety and efficacy of 6% hydroxyethyl starch in patients undergoing major surgery
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is often used for maintaining vascular volume during major surgery. Long-term high-dose HES in septic patients promotes renal injury, whereas meta-analyses of current HES products in surgical patients do not show such effects. OBJECTIVE We studied if the peri-operative use of HES is noninferior to crystalloids in terms of acute kidney injury. Secondary outcome was the noninferiority of HES on worsening of renal injury and/or the incidence of a composite endpoint of major complications and mortality until postoperative day 90. DESIGN Randomised double-blind trial in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with expected blood loss at least 500 ml. SETTING Multicentre trial at 53 study sites in 10 European countries. PATIENTS One thousand nine hundred and eighty-five (HES 977, crystalloid-only 981) patients aged 40 to 85 years with ASA status II-III. INTERVENTION Either 6% HES 130/0.4 or a crystalloid solution. Dosing was guided by mean arterial pressure and/or routine haemodynamic variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change from pre-operative to lowest cystatin C-based eGFR during the first 3 postoperative days. Key secondary outcome was a composite endpoint of mortality and major postoperative complications after 90 days. RESULTS Mean change in eGFR from baseline to minimum was -3.4 ± 17.7 ml min -1 1.73 m -2 in HES patients and -1.0 ± 17.1 ml min -1 1.73 m -2 in crystalloid-only patients ( P < 0.001 for noninferiority). The key secondary endpoint occurred in 35% of patients in each group. There were no clinically relevant differences in any safety endpoint including 90-day renal function. Any cause mortality-difference until the end of 1-year follow-up was not significantly different (8.6% in HES and 10.1% in crystalloid patients). CONCLUSION Peri-operative use of HES was noninferior to crystalloids in short-term renal function or a composite of mortality and major complications at 90 days. PHOENICS provides robust evidence that peri-operative in-label use of HES is well tolerated. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND FUNDING EudraCT no. 2016-002162-30, clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03278548
The Global Spectra-Trait Initiative: A database of paired leaf spectroscopy and functional traits associated with leaf photosynthetic capacity
No full textInternational audienceAccurate assessment of leaf functional traits is crucial for a diverse range of applications from crop phenotyping to parameterizing global climate models. Leaf reflectance spectroscopy offers a promising avenue to advance ecological and agricultural research by complementing traditional, time-consuming gas exchange measurements. However, the development of robust hyperspectral models for predicting leaf photosynthetic capacity and associated traits from reflectance data has been hindered by limited data availability across species and environments. Here we introduce the Global Spectra-Trait Initiative (GSTI), a collaborative repository of paired leaf hyperspectral and gas exchange measurements from diverse ecosystems. The GSTI repository currently encompasses over 7500 observations from 397 species and 41 sites gathered from 36 published and unpublished studies, thereby offering a key resource for developing and validating hyperspectral models of leaf photosynthetic capacity. The GSTI database is developed on GitHub (https://github.com/plantphys/gsti, last access: 4 January 2026) and published to ESS-DIVE https://doi.org/10.15485/2530733, Lamour et al., 2025). It includes gas exchange data, derived photosynthetic parameters, and key leaf traits often associated with traditional gas exchange measurements such as leaf mass per area and leaf elemental composition. By providing a standardized repository for data sharing and analysis, we present a critical step towards creating hyperspectral models for predicting photosynthetic traits and associated leaf traits for terrestrial plants
Bulletin de veille du réseau d'écotoxicologie terrestre et aquatique N°82
No full textINRAE, réseau ECOTOX → A paraîtreBulletin de veill
Towards a Narrative Change? New Archaeobotanical Research on the ‘Green Revolution’ at the Heartlands and Frontiers of al-Andalus
No full textInternational audienceThis study documents the diversity of Andalusi agricultural production and practices in different regions of the Iberian Peninsula between the 11th and the 14th centuries, based on unpublished case studies from the “Landscapes of (Re) Conquest” project and pre-existing published data. At the heart of this research lies the question of agricultural innovations that are widely associated in the scholarly literature with the Arab-Berber expansion across Iberia. The most recent overviews spoke for themselves: none of the crops of the medieval ‘green revolution’ mentioned in the texts (e.g. cotton, sugarcane, spinach, eggplant, etc.) had been discovered (Peña-Chocarro et al. 2019; Ros et al. 2019), and it is only in the last two years that new taxa (e.g. citrus fruits, rice) have begun to appear in Andalusi archaeological contexts in Iberia , on a very occasional basis (Peña-Chocarro and Pérez-Jorda 2023; Peña-Chocarro et al. 2024). These data raise the question of the real expansion of Arab-Berber agriculture in the West, and of the “new plants” and their rhythm of diffusion: was this really a uniformly widespread phenomenon throughout the entire medieval Muslim West? Or was it limited to the landed estates of the urban aristocracy and to the large areas of specialized production (e.g. al-Andalus), well known from written sources? Focusing on Iberia, did the areas at the frontiers of Andalusi territories continue to practice agriculture that was strictly identical to that of the Roman and/or Visigothic periods? Or did they experience similar trends to those in neighbouring Christian territories, i.e. a boom in rye and certain spring crops (e.g. millets, flax, hemp) (Ros et al. 2023)? This innovative research lays the foundations for a new reflection on the persistence and evolution of the production and management of plant resources in the face of the major political, social and economic changes that took place in the Peninsula during the medieval period. They also highlight an otherwise neglected topic in the field of archaeobotany – the contrasting agrarian dynamics of political heartlands and frontiers
Polyploidy modulates the adaptation to water deficit in citrus scion/rootstock associations evaluated under controlled pot condition and relates to specific changes in root and leaf transcriptome
No full textData availability: The RNA-seq data underlying this article are available in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo, and can be accessed with the project accession number: GSE255759.International audienceHighlights: • Tetraploid rootstocks with triploid scions enhance drought tolerance in pots. • In pots, 4x rootstocks better regulate water loss under drought conditions. • ABA levels under stress are higher in 4× than in 2× rootstocks. • DEGs involved in transport, stress response and protective barrier formation. • Polyploidy shows strong potential to improve citrus drought resilience.Abstract: Citrus, one of the world's most important crops, is facing significant challenges due to drought events. Previous studies have demonstrated that tetraploid rootstocks may exhibit greater tolerance to abiotic stresses than their diploid counterparts. The effects of combining a tetraploid rootstock with a triploid scion under water deficit conditions have not been thoroughly explored. A water deficit experiment was conducted under controlled pot conditions using four citrus scion/rootstock combinations: diploid and tetraploid Swingle citrumelo rootstocks grafted with diploid Mexican lime and triploid Persian lime. Physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses under controlled pot condition revealed that tetraploid rootstocks exhibited significantly improved performance under drought stress, with an even greater effect when the scion was the triploid Persian lime. In that condition, the improved resilience was associated with reduced water consumption, higher photosynthesis, increased stomatal conductance and transpiration under water stress conditions. Elevated abscisic acid levels and stronger antioxidant activity in polyploid rootstocks further contributed to the stress response. Transcriptomic data revealed distinct gene expression changes in roots and leaves, influenced by organ ploidy and rootstock-scion interactions. Taken together our results provide insights into drought adaptation mechanisms including osmotic adjustment, oxidative stress protection, sustained photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and enhanced synthesis of protective barriers. These findings underscore ploidy's role at both rootstock and scion levels in shaping the plant's response to water deficit, revealing useful interactions between rootstock and scion influencing drought resilience
Synthèse des connaissances sur les fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) du Parc national des Écrins (SE France)
No full textInternational audienceSynthesis of knowledge on the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Écrins national park (SE France). The synthesis of 1686 occurrence data of ants (family Formicidae, Hymenoptera) identified to the species level, distributed across the entire Écrins National Park (core zone and adhesion zone) revealed 83 species, i.e. more than one third of the myrmecofauna of metropolitan France. The species ac- cumulation curve shows, however, that the completeness of the inventory is moderate. Although the first data date back to 1984, more than 90% of the data have been obtained since 2018. To remedy to the knowledge deficit, the park adopted a strategy in 2018 which consisted in: first mobilizing park agents for opportunistic collections throughout the territory and an association of ant specialists for identification, and second occasionally involving ant specialists in field surveys. This sampling effort allowed exploring the distribution of diversity and species according to the type of environment and to elevation, and to reveal the presence of species that could represent an issue for the park. In particular, Formica paralugubris Seifert, 1996, a species of redwood ant endemic to the western Alps and the Jura, very little known in France, was detected in several sites. This species being difficult to distinguish from Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838 – a very common boreomontane species – the identification was based on a double diagnosis: morphological and molecular. The inventory revealed other remarkable species such as Leptothorax gredleri Mayr, 1855, a species from central and northern Europe whose only known station in France is the one in the park, and Leptothorax pacis (Kutter, 1945), a very rare species occurring mainly in the Alps and the Pyrenees. A conservation value analysis relying on a method specific to the park revealed Formica paralugubris as a species with a particularly high conservation value within the territory of the park.La synthèse de 1686 données d’occurrence de fourmis (famille des Formicidae, Hymenoptera) identifiées à l’espèce réparties sur l’ensemble du parc national des Écrins (zone cœur et zone d’adhésion) a permis de recenser 83 espèces, soit plus du tiers de la myrmécofaune de France métropolitaine. La courbe d’accumulation des espèces montre cependant que la complétude de l’inventaire des espèces est modérée. Bien que les premières données datent de 1984, plus de 90 % des données ont été obtenues depuis 2018. Face au déficit de connaissance d’avant 2018, la stratégie du parc, qui s’est avérée efficace, a d’abord été de mobiliser les agents du parc pour des collectes opportunistes sur l’ensemble du territoire et une association spécialiste des fourmis pour l’identification, puis de faire intervenir ponctuellement des spécialistes sur le terrain. Cette pression d’échantillonnage a permis d’explorer la distribution de la diversité et des espèces en fonction du type de milieu et de l’altitude, et de révéler la présence d’espèces pouvant constituer un enjeu pour le parc. En particulier, Formica paralugubris Seifert, 1996, une espèce de fourmis rousse des bois endémique de l’ouest des Alpes et du Jura, très peu connue en France, a été détectée dans plusieurs stations. Cette espèce étant difficile à distinguer de Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838, une espèce boréo-montagnarde très commune, l’identification a porté sur un double diagnostic, morphologique et moléculaire. L’inventaire a révélé d’autres espèces remarquables telles que Leptothorax gredleri Mayr, 1855, une espèce d’Europe centrale et du nord dont la seule station connue en France est celle du parc, et Leptothorax pacis (Kutter, 1945), une espèce très rare présente essentiellement dans les Alpes et les Pyrénées. L’évaluation de patrimonialité selon une méthode propre au parc n’a révélé qu’une seule espèce à considérer comme patrimoniale pour le parc : Formica paralugubris
: The narrative laboratory. Digital technology and artificial intelligence: catalysts for creativity and educational innovation in the context of a collaborative project?
No full textInternational audienceContemporary universities are undergoing profound changes linked to the rise of digital technology, which are affecting teaching practices, forms of writing and learning dynamics. This article analyses the writing workshop, which stems from active pedagogy, as a privileged space for experimenting with these changes and questioning the challenges of creation and inclusion. Based on collaborative crime fiction writing workshops conducted with second-year literature students, it highlights the initial resistance to creative writing, the perceived differences in legitimacy and the heterogeneity of profiles. A digital-based teaching strategy was implemented to build confidence in writing, encourage engagement and promote individual skills. The results show strong student involvement, the development of cross-disciplinary skills and increased interest in writing and cultural professions, with a varied but generally stimulating use of AI tools as aids to creation.L’université contemporaine est traversée par de profondes transformations liées à l’essor du numérique, qui affectent à la fois les pratiques d’enseignement, les formes d’écriture et les dynamiques d’apprentissage. Cet article analyse l’espace de l'atelier d’écriture, issu de la pédagogie active, comme un dispositif privilégié pour expérimenter ces mutations et interroger les enjeux de la création et de l’inclusion. À partir d’ateliers d’écriture collaborative "polar" menés auprès d’étudiants de L2 Lettres, il met en lumière les résistances initiales face à l’écriture créative, les écarts de légitimité ressentis et l’hétérogénéité des profils. Une stratégie pédagogique adossée au numérique a été mise en place afin de sécuriser le rapport à l’écrit, favoriser l’engagement et valoriser les compétences individuelles. Les résultats montrent une forte implication des étudiants, le développement de compétences transversales et un intérêt accru pour les métiers de l’écriture et de la culture, avec un usage contrasté mais globalement stimulant des outils d’IA comme supports à la création
Emotions et dispositifs participatifs en recherche-action sur la transition écologique : risques de normalisation des émotions et de tarissement de la critique sociale ?
No full textInternational audienceCet article examine un dispositif participatif de recherche-action sous l’angle des émotions impliquées dans la transition écologique de la Camargue (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Il questionne les éventuelles limites que ce type de dispositif impose à la prise en compte des émotions dans les débats et la réflexion collective. Différents processus micro-interactionnels et organisationnels sont pointés comme conduisant à un filtrage émotionnel avec pour conséquences de favoriser une conception technique et téléologique de la transition écologique, de limiter la critique sociale et d’inciter une normalisation des émotions citoyennes et de leurs modalités d’expression
Influence of precursor molecular weight on swelling and elastic modulus of cross-linked PDMS films
No full textInternational audienceThe influence of precursor molecular weight on cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) thin films was studied at constant cross-linker ratio. Increasing molecular weight lowers cross-link density, enhances swelling, and reduces elastic modulus
