HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Légalité de l'interdiction de certains éléments de l'écriture inclusive dans l'enseignement
No full textInternational audienc
The costs and healing rates of minor injuries in neonatal reef sharks
No full textInternational audienceElasmobranch fishes (i.e., sharks, skates, and rays) exhibit remarkable wound‐healing capabilities and consistently maintain a high capacity for tissue regeneration throughout their lives. This high capacity for wound healing may be particularly important for neonatal elasmobranchs that are still developing their immune system. However, little is known about the costs associated with wound healing and the potential influence of environmental variables or life history. In this study, we explore (1) the impact of minor, external injuries on the growth and body condition of neonatal blacktip reef ( Carcharhinus melanopterus ) and sicklefin lemon ( Negaprion acutidens ) sharks using a long‐term fisheries‐independent dataset from Moorea, French Polynesia, (2) the influence of ambient temperature on healing rates in neonatal blacktip reef sharks at two experimental temperatures (25°C and 29°C), and (3) variations in umbilical wound‐healing rates between blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks using an additional long‐term dataset from St. Joseph Atoll, Seychelles. We found no impact of minor, external injuries on growth and body condition in neonatal blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks, accelerated umbilical wound healing in neonatal blacktip reef sharks exposed to elevated ambient temperatures, and distinct umbilical wound‐healing rates between neonatal blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks. Enhancing our understanding of sharks' healing capabilities and the influence of environmental factors on this process is crucial for informing handling practices aimed at improving post‐release survival rates of captured sharks under current and future oceanic conditions
: Civ. 1<sup>re</sup>, 26 févr. 2025, n<sup>o</sup> 23-21.522
No full textInternational audienceSi le refus d’insérer une contribution dans un ouvrage publié à la suite d’un colloque est susceptible de heurter les traditions universitaires et les principes d’objectivité et de tolérance visés à l’article L. 952-2 du code de l’éducation qui garantit la pleine indépendance et l’entière liberté d’expression des enseignants-chercheurs dans leurs fonctions d’enseignement et leurs activités de recherche, il ne peut, à défaut d’un texte spécial, être considéré comme abusif
Immunological surveillance using gSG6-P1 biomarker reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of Anopheles exposure and gaps in malaria risk assessment
No full textInternational audienceMalaria risk assessment often relies on the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), which quantifies infectious bites per person over time. However, this approach does not account for human behavioral variability, limiting its effectiveness in accurately reflecting malaria risk at the population level. Recent studies have attempted to estimate mosquito-bite risk through the measurement of antibody responses to Anopheles salivary peptides. However, this approach has yet to be applied to evaluate malaria transmission risks along the Thailand-Cambodia border. This study aims to employ an immune biomarker for Anopheles salivary peptide (anti-gSG6-P1) to identify key risk factors associated with exposure to Anopheles mosquitoes in Sisaket Province, a region bordering Thailand and Cambodia. Blood samples from the same set of 184 participants were collected via finger prick during each season: rainy (August 2022), cool-dry (December 2022), and hot-dry (April 2023). Anti-gSG6-P1 antibody levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) revealed that seasonality exerts the strongest influence on antibody levels. This pattern was likely driven by human activities, particularly the frequency of rubber tapping activity in the rubber plantation area where Anopheles species, especially Anopheles dirus, are present. While this study successfully identifies seasonality and human factors as critical influences on antibody responses, it also highlights gaps in understanding the kinetics of anti-salivary peptide responses to Anopheles bites, particularly in species with low salivary peptides sequence similarity to that of Anopheles gambiae. These findings emphasize the need for the development of new serological tools tailored to malaria vectors in the Greater Mekong Subregion to enhance malaria risk assessment and improve vector control strategies
Apprentilangue, un dispositif pour l’enseignement du vocabulaire pour des enfants de maternelle et d’école élémentaire (Conférence invitée)
No full textInternational audienc
A novel method to study the ecological role of sleep in small mammals
No full textSleep, is a complex, vital, and universal behavior that strongly differs from mere inactivity. Its ecological role remains, however, largely unknown mostly owing to the lack of methodological tools to record animal sleep states in the wild. By using a small, low power consumption biologger, capable of recording brain activity, body movements, and core physiology, we were able to record and quantify key sleep parameters (circadian distribution, sleep stages and their fragmentation, …), in wild black rats (Rattus rattus) in their natural environment over multiple days. We developed a simple, rapid (<1h), surgical procedure using a custom subdermal flexible electrode that provides signal quality equivalent to the cortical electrodes classically used in lab experiments. We also validated a semi-captive procedure, where the animals could be recorded in their own environment, with ad libitum access to standardized food pellets, and contact with conspecifics without close interactions. Such a protocol allows for the direct investigation of biotic and abiotic factors, like social interactions, food availability or type, light, temperature, and stress, all of which may strongly impact sleep. By evaluating general behavior and sleep patterns in four wild rats over up to ten days after surgery and by tracking feeding behavior for over a month, we show that the animals do not display any obvious signs of pain or stress and stabilized their sleep patterns two days after manipulation. Altogether this novel method and procedure constitute a unique tool for assessing sleep variability and flexibility and provides a proof-of concept for sleep studies in small (<200 g) wild animals
Contribution au développement d’un modèle heuristique des temporalités : le chronoglyphe. Application en contexte de réchauffement climatique à Mayotte
No full textInternational audienc
Magmatic volatiles control the sub-plinian basaltic eruptions at Ambae volcano, Vanuatu
No full textco-auteur étrangerInternational audienceThe 2017-2018 eruption of Ambae volcano provided a rare opportunity to monitor gas emissions during a sub-Plinian basaltic eruption. Here we document the gas emissions during this eruption using satellite observation, alongside gas measurements and geochemical analyses. Our results indicate that the volcano released 3.3 teragrams of sulfur dioxide, 7.7 of carbon dioxide, 134 of water vapour, 0.2 of hydrogen sulfide, and 0,001 of dihydrogen, ranking Ambae among the world's top volcanic gas emitters. Despite these substantial emissions, the relatively modest volume of 0.47 cubic kilometer of magma that fueled the eruption indicates a volatile-rich magma source. This enrichment is likely linked to the geodynamic setting, where subduction of the faulted, carbonate-rich D'Entrecasteaux Ridge, coupled with an influx of fertile mantle, fostered the formation of volatile-rich magma. High concentrations of volatiles, can drive substantial gas exsolution, increasing magma buoyancy, resulting in greater magma supply and faster ascent rates. Rapid ascent prevents volatile separation from the melt, resulting in powerful gas surges that drive the transition from effusive to basaltic sub-Plinian eruption phases
Dynamics of major and trace elements during leaf litter decomposition in semi-arid mangrove subject to urban runoff
No full textInternational audience Litterfall decomposition under the influence of urban runoff was investigated Stands position and species salt tolerance influence initial leaves composition Urban rainwater runoff enhances major elements leaching from litterfall Trace metal dynamics are influenced by their bioavailability in mangrove soil As and Mn are exceptions due to their complexations and oxidation states Highlights Dynamics of major and trace elements during leaf litter decomposition in semi-1</div
Safety Monitoring of Machine Learning Perception Functions: a Survey
No full text25 pages, 2 figuresInternational audienceMachine Learning (ML) models, such as deep neural networks, are widely applied in autonomous systems to perform complex perception tasks. New dependability challenges arise when ML predictions are used in safety-critical applications, like autonomous cars and surgical robots. Thus, the use of fault tolerance mechanisms, such as safety monitors, is essential to ensure the safe behavior of the system despite the occurrence of faults. This paper presents an extensive literature review on safety monitoring of perception functions using ML in a safety-critical context. In this review, we structure the existing literature to highlight key factors to consider when designing such monitors: threat identification, requirements elicitation, detection of failure, reaction, and evaluation. We also highlight the ongoing challenges associated with safety monitoring and suggest directions for future research