HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Monitoring individual rice field flooding dynamics over a large scale to improve mosquito surveillance and control
No full textInternational audienceBackground Progress in malaria elimination has been hindered by recent changes in mosquito behaviour and increased insecticide resistance in response to traditional vector control measures, such as indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets. There is, therefore, increasing interest in the use of larval source management (LSM) to supplement current insecticide-based interventions. However, LSM implementation requires the characterization of larval habitats at fine spatial and temporal scales to ensure interventions are well-placed and well-timed. Remotely sensed optical imagery captured via drones or satellites offers one way to monitor larval habitats remotely, but its use at large spatio-temporal scales has important limitations. Methods A method using radar imagery is proposed to monitor flooding dynamics in individual rice fields, a primary larval habitat, over very large geographic areas relevant to national malaria control programmes aiming to implement LSM at scale. This is demonstrated for a 3971 km 2 malaria-endemic district in Madagascar with over 17,000 rice fields. Rice field mapping on OpenStreetMap was combined with Sentinel-1 satellite imagery (radar, 10 m) from 2016 to 2022 to train a classification model of radar backscatter to identify rice fields with vegetated and open water, resulting in a time-series of weekly flooding dynamics for thousands of rice fields. ResultsFrom these time-series, over a dozen indicators useful for LSM implementation, such as the timing and frequency of flooding seasons, were obtained for each rice field. These monitoring tools were integrated into an interactive GIS dashboard for operational use by vector control programmes, with results available at multiple scales (district, sub-district, rice field) relevant for different phases of LSM intervention (e.g. prioritization of sites, implementation, follow-up).Conclusions Scale-up of these methods could enable wider implementation of evidence-based LSM interventions and reduce malaria burdens in contexts where irrigated agriculture is a major transmission driver.</div
CONSTRUIR A PAZ COM O VIVO: UMA PERSPECTIVA JURÍDICO-ANTROPOLÓGICA DA JUSTIÇA TRANSICIONAL
No full textAlice BRITES OSORIO. Faire la paix avec le vivant: une perspective juridico-anthropologique de la justice transitionnelle. Università degli Studi di Trento. Grandi transizioni, vulnerabilità e ruolo del diritto = Les grandes transitions, vulnérabilités et rôle du droit, IRIS, 2025, 978-88-5541-123-3. ⟨10.15168/11572_463217⟩. ⟨hal-05304557
EPR Dating of Clay Minerals Formation Through Geological Times: Benchmarking From the Quaternary to the Neoproterozoic Era
No full textInternational audienceRevealing the environment and timing of clay formation in the geosphere is of major importance to understand and model the evolution of geological systems at the surface or near-surface of the continents, such as weathering covers, sedimentary basins or hydrothermal systems. Dating clay minerals by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a promising method that relies on the measurement of stable radiation-induced defects (RIDs) accumulating in their structure over time due to natural radioactivity. This approach has not yet been challenged by the inter-comparison with other geochronological methods, mostly because clay minerals accurately dated with methods independent from the EPR approach and also suitable for the EPR dating remain scarce in the geological record. Herein, an up-to-date protocol for the EPR dating and benchmarking are provided and developed by analyzing selected clay samples. The series includes a Mesoproterozoic illite (Thelon Basin, Canada), two paleosol kaolinites (Ukraine, Estonia) from at least late Ediacaran period, an Ypresian sedimentary kaolinite from the Aquitan Basin (France) and two Miocene and Pliocene kaolinites from lateritic duricrusts (Amazonia, Brazil). Despite some discussed uncertainties mainly related to the Th distribution in the samples, the time variation of dose rate and the thermal history of some clay samples, the EPR ages show a trend close to the 1/1 line with ages determined by other dating methods. These results bring promising support to the EPR dating methodology of clay minerals and extend its potential application field over a time-range spanning from Quaternary to Proterozoic
Lorsque les enfants d'Océanie dessinent la mer et la pêche : inclure les enfants dans la recherche en sciences sociales marines
No full textLe projet « SOCPacific » (A Sea of Connections: Contextualizing Fisheries in the South Pacific Region, 2018-2022, financement ANR-DFG) visait à explorer « l'océan de connexions » au sein duquel les pratiques de pêche etde gestion des pêcheries se déploient dans le Pacifique Sud. Impliquer les enfants était essentiel pour engager uneapproche de la durabilité marine reconnaissant les enjeux de justice intergénérationnelle et les droits de l'enfant.En effet, les enfants de cette région participent activement à la pêche et au maintien des relations entre les humains, lamer et la vie marine. Comme les adultes, ils peuvent ainsi exercer leur droits et leurs responsabilités envers l'Océan.Des ateliers de dessin ont ainsi permis leur participation à la co-construction de nos axes de recherche
Entre l’Australie et la Chine, la bataille pour les îles du Pacifique
No full textInternational audienc
Bathymetry mapping using the high resolution VENμS satellite: an easy-to-transfer estimation over Glorioso Islands
No full textInternational audienceAccurate global bathymetry mapping underpins natural hazard prediction or marine habitat management. However approximately 80% of the seafloor remains unmapped. Traditional waterborne (multi-/single-beam sonar) and airborne (lidar, spectral inversion) methods provide high precision and complementary coverage but are constrained in cost, accessibility, and temporal resolution. Spaceborne approaches, leveraging high- to very high-resolution multispectral and lidar sensors, increasingly enable shallow-water bathymetry retrieval at regional to global scales. This study investigates the potential of the VENμS mission for deriving shallow bathymetry over Glorioso Archipelago (Indian Ocean). VENμS superspectral imagery (12 bands, 4 m resolution, daily revisit) was collected in 2022 and attempted to predict ~83,000 lidar illuminations acquired in 2009. Three predictor series were investigated: surface reflectance, ln-transformed surface reflectance, and band ratios of ln-transformed surface reflectance. Nine depth ranges, from 0 to -45 m, were modeled using stepwise three-factor linear regressions, with performance assessed across calibration, validation, and test subsets. Results indicate excellent performance with ln-transformed surface reflectance achieving the highest predictive skill. The [0; -10 m] interval was optimal, with R2test reaching 0.93 using blue, green, and yellow-2 bands, even if the [0; -30 m] range was satisfactorily modelled (R2test = 0.78). VENμS-derived bathymetry maps show strong concordance with lidar to ~5 m depth, though increasing divergence suggests potential sediment redistribution over the 13-year period. These findings demonstrate that simple, transferable linear models applied to VENμS imagery can yield accurate, scalable shallow-water bathymetry, highlighting the mission’s value for cost-effective coastal mapping and supporting global seabed initiatives such as Seabed 2030
Barriers to physical activity and patient profiling in the lifelong maintenance phase of coronary artery disease: a territorial mixed-methods pilot study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Despite proven benefits, adherence to physical activity (PA) during the lifelong maintenance phase of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains suboptimal. Understanding territorial-specific barriers is essential for developing targeted interventions. This pilot study aimed to (1) identify principal barriers to PA among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in lifelong maintenance Phase CR in a specific territory of southern France, and (2) characterize distinct patient profiles using unsupervised machine learning. Methods: Socio-demographic data, completion of a full Phase II CR and behavioral characteristics related to PA during the lifelong maintenance Phase were collected with a LimeSurvey questionnaire. A modified Delphi method was employed with CAD patients (n = 26, subsequently, n = 13 in round 2) who had completed a supervised Phase II CR. Barriers were categorized and ranked using Likert scales. K-means clustering analysis was then applied to identify homogeneous patient subgroups based on barrier patterns. Results: Nine barrier categories emerged, with environment (8.3 ± 1.0), motivation (7.7 ± 1.4), and exercise tolerance (6.3 ± 1.2) ranking highest. Kendall's W = 0.64 ( p < 0.001) indicated a significant consensus. Three cluster were identified: Cluster 1 (38.46%) characterized by physical deconditioning; Cluster 2 (23.07%) by environmental and motivational constraints; Cluster 3 (38.46%) by organizational limitations. Significant between-cluster differences were observed for: environmental barriers (H = 7.82, p = 0.02), motivation (H = 8.14, p = 0.017), and professional obligations (H = 6.93, p = 0.031). Conclusion: This mixed-methods approach revealed complex, interrelated barriers to PA maintenance. The identification of distinct CAD patient profiles suggests that personalized intervention strategies, rather than one-size-fits-all approaches, may enhance long-term adherence to PA in lifelong maintenance Phase CR.</div
Étude des conditions d’émergence d’une politique intersectorielle de promotion de la santé à l’échelon du territoire néocalédonien : fenêtre d’opportunité pour la santé à l’École
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction : La promotion de la santé est un ensemble d’actions intersectorielles qui vise à améliorer la santé de tous et réduire les inégalités de santé. Identifier les conditions d’émergence concrètes de politiques de promotion de la santé à l’échelon territorial est un enjeu pour la recherche en santé publique. Méthode : Afin d’identifier les conditions de développement d’une telle politique, nous avons étudié le cas de la politique intersectorielle de promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Nous avons analysé finement le contexte, les acteurs impliqués et le mécanisme ayant conduit à la publication de textes réglementaires et d’engagements financiers sur la base du modèle de Kingdon adapté à la santé publique par Ridde et coll. Résultats : Nous avons observé l’émergence d’entrepreneurs politiques dans les secteurs de la santé et de l’éducation. Ces acteurs clés ont fait de la santé à l’école un « problème » au sens politique du terme. L’appui sur l’expertise de l’agence de santé et ses partenaires a permis que soient proposées des solutions crédibles et acceptables par les institutions, dans un contexte politique favorable à l’émergence d’un consensus entre les membres du gouvernement de courants politiques différents. Discussion : Il apparait qu’une fenêtre d’opportunités s’est ouverte en 2016 avec la convergence des trois éléments clés : une prise de conscience de l’existence d’un problème, de solutions et d’un contexte politique favorable et la mobilisation des entrepreneurs politiques s’appuyant sur des experts en capacité de nourrir le projet politique