HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
Not a member yet
7579 research outputs found
Sort by
Regulation of coral assemblages: Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance of recruits, juveniles, and adults
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the processes that maintain coral assemblages is of crucial importance given increasing rates of coral mortality on reefs globally. Here, we compared relationships among distribution patterns of recruit, juvenile, and adult corals with distinct life history traits to determine the contribution of early life stages to the structure of adult assemblages at Toliara, southwest Madagascar. Results highlighted a marked spatio-temporal variability in the abundance of all life stages within and between major reef habitats. Indications of stock-recruitment relationships (where the adults drive the abundance of early life stages) were found for Acroporidae, whereas Poritidae and its dominant genus Porites were likely regulated by recruitment-limitation mechanisms (where early life stages drive the abundance of adults), with significant correlations between the abundance of juveniles and those of adults of the subsequent years. We found stronger links between all life stages for Pocilloporidae, indicative of both recruitment-limitation and stock-recruitment relationships. In contrast, no significant correlations were recorded for the category of ‘other’ families, which is likely the result of mixing taxa with different life history traits. In fact, positive correlations between juveniles and adults were found for Galaxea , Cycloseris , and Pavona genera, which made up the ‘other’ category. The discrepancies of regulation processes among coral taxa highlighted here suggest implementing conservation actions that benefit all life stages. Maintaining the biomass of herbivorous fishes and invertebrates to control algal biomass can benefit coral recruitment and decrease mortality of early life stages and adult colonies. Our results also suggest that sites on the outer slope and on patch reefs, which show higher recruitment rates and abundance of adult colonies, could be considered as recruitment hotspots
Multidimensional Balanced Error Sampling: With First Order LAGRANGE Interpolation
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage écrit en anglais présente les concepts fondamentaux multidimensionnels, les théorèmes et les méthodes pour l'échantillonnage pratique de l'environnement en fonction de diverses contraintes (taille de l'échantillon, nombre d'échantillons, etc.) et de la variabilité attendue de la propriété étudiée. En adoptant une approche mathématique rigoureuse de l'échantillonnage multidimensionnel, il éclaire ce qui était souvent fait intuitivement jusqu'à présent. Il offre un nouveau mode de conception de l'échantillonnage pour toutes sortes d'études et en particulier pour les études environnementale
Increasing the resolution of malaria early warning systems for use by local health actors
No full textInternational audienceBackground The increasing availability of electronic health system data and remotely-sensed environmental variables has led to the emergence of statistical models capable of producing malaria forecasts. Many of these models have been operationalized into malaria early warning systems (MEWSs), which provide predictions of malaria dynamics several months in advance at national and regional levels. However, MEWSs rarely produce predictions at the village-level, the operational scale of community health systems and the first point of contact for the majority of rural populations in malaria-endemic countries. Methods This study developed a hyper-local MEWS for use within a health-system strengthening intervention in rural Madagascar. It combined bias-corrected, village-level case notification data with remotely sensed environmental variables at spatial scales as fine as a 10 m resolution. A spatio-temporal hierarchical generalized linear regression model was trained on monthly malaria case data from 195 communities from 2017 to 2020 and evaluated via cross-validation. The model was then integrated into an automated workflow with environmental data updated monthly to create a continuously updating MEWS capable of predicting malaria cases up to three months in advance at the village-level. Predictions were transformed into indicators relevant to health system actors by estimating the quantities of medical supplies required at each health clinic and the number of cases remaining untreated at the community level. Results The statistical model was able to accurately reproduce village-level case data, performing nearly five times as well as a null model during cross-validation. The dynamic environmental variables, particularly those associated with standing water and rice field dynamics, were strongly associated with malaria incidence, allowing the model to accurately predict future incidence rates. The MEWS represented an improvement of over 50% compared to existing stock order quantification methods when applied retrospectively. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an automatic, hyper-local MEWS leveraging remotely-sensed environmental data at fine spatial scales. As health system data become increasingly digitized, this method can be easily applied to other regions and be updated with near real-time health data to further increase performance
La force exécutoire du sous-cautionnement figurant dans un acte notarié
No full textInternational audienc
Le théâtre de la sortie de l’accord de Nouméa, une littérature du débat politique ?
No full textInternational audienceSituation étonnante et inédite s’il en est, la « période des référendums » que la Nouvelle-Calédonie a connu tout récemment, entre 2018 et 2021, semble avoir été particulièrement investie par la création théâtrale. Jenny Briffa, autrice des one woman/man show à succès Fin mal Barrés !, Fin mal gérés ! et Fin bien ensemble ! et Pierre Gope, avec Moi, je vote blanc, Convergences et Amour tabou, évoquent tour à tour l’actualité politique calédonienne en une sorte de joute théâtrale, inscrivant sciemment les représentations dans le calendrier de la sortie de l’accord de Nouméa. Alors même que les Calédoniens étaient appelés à se prononcer sur l’avenir de l’archipel, la création littéraire a tenté de s’ancrer dans le débat en un geste artistique fort qui n’est pas sans évoquer celui que Déwé Gorodé a développé tout au long de son œuvre. Une réflexion sur les différentes stratégies dramatiques à l’œuvre sera proposée afin de mettre en lumière l’émergence de cette nouvelle parole littéraire et politique calédonienne
Food deprivation enhances disease resistance: Underlying mechanisms in oysters confronted with pacific oyster mortality syndrome
No full textInternational audienceVariation in food availability can shape host susceptibility and pathogen virulence, thereby impacting disease outcomes. An ad libitum diet may enhance host physiology and immunity but it can also favor pathogen proliferation. Here, we investigated how food availability (ad libitum vs. starvation) affects interactions between the oyster Magallana gigas and the herpesvirus OsHV-1 μVar initiating the panzootic Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS). We found that starvation reduced oyster susceptibility to POMS. Through a comparative integrative-omics approach, we showed that (1) starvation induces metabolic rate depression, which may limit viral replication by reducing the availability of cellular energy that viruses can hijack, and (2) enhances autophagy and antiviral responses, thereby improving viral control. These results underscore the importance of nutritional status in shaping viral disease outcomes and may inform management strategies in aquaculture systems
A Kanak way of being to the world: The appropriation of customary diplomatic protocols in new political contexts
No full textInternational audienceThe Keamu Accord, kastom and maritime boundaries</div