HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Friches touristiques en Polynésie française : analyse des défis, des risques et des stratégies de reconversion durable
No full textInternational audienceTourism like industrial wasteland represents a run-down area that was once used for tourism activities that have now collapsed. These failures are often due to economic crises, changes in the political priorities of the economic sector climate or, more frequently, inadequate management. In French Polynesia, these abandoned sites have specific characteristics linked to global economic cycles, environmental crises and local environmental crises and local challenges. This article explores the causes and associated with tourism wastelands, as well as the need for a proactive approach to their conversion. The aim is to reduce their economic impact and transform them into sustainable spaces.El páramo turístico, al igual que el industrial, representa un espacio degradado, antiguamente destinado a actividades turísticas que han perecido. Estos fracasos suelen deberse a crisis económicas, cambios en las prioridades políticas del sector económico, riesgos climáticos o, más frecuentemente, a una gestión inadecuada. En la Polinesia Francesa, estos sitios abandonados presentan especificidades relacionadas con los ciclos económicos globales, las crisis ambientales y los desafíos locales. Este artículo explora las causas y los riesgos asociados con los terrenos baldíos turísticos, así como la necesidad de un enfoque proactivo para su conversión. El objetivo es reducir su impacto ambiental y económico y transformarlos en espacios sostenibles.La friche touristique, tout comme l’industrielle, représente un espace dégradé, autrefois destiné à des activités touristiques qui ont périclité. Ces échecs sont souvent dus à des crises économiques, des changements dans les priorités politiques du secteur économique, des aléas climatiques ou, plus fréquemment, à une gestion inadaptée. En Polynésie française, ces sites abandonnés présentent des spécificités liées aux cycles économiques mondiaux, aux crises environnementales et aux défis locaux. Cet article explore les causes et les risques associés aux friches touristiques, ainsi que la nécessité d’une approche proactive en vue de leur reconversion. L’objectif est de réduire leur impact environnemental et économique et de les transformer en espaces durables
Quelles protections pour le Parc ?
No full textAssurer la protection du parc naturel de la mer de Corail soulève de nombreux défiset nécessite l'intervention des autorités publiques ayant compétence pour édicterdes règles. Dix ans après la création du Parc, il existe en effet des règles s'appliquantà l'ensemble du domaine, ainsi que deux types de réserves soumises à des réglemen-tations particulières : les réserves naturelles et les réserves intégrales. À cette complexiténormative s'ajoute l'inscription des atolls d'Entrecasteaux au patrimoine mondial del'Unesco depuis 2008. Quelles protections pour le Parc ? Quelles réglementationsont été pensées et demandent encore à être adoptées pour assurer une protectionajustée de cet immense espace de près de 1,3 million de km²? Qui est impliqué dansce processus ? Ce chapitre entend répondre à ces questions et rendre compte tant descontraintes du droit international, auquel est soumise toute gestion d'un tel espace,que des contraintes et opportunités que rencontre le collectif de gestion multisecto-riel et multi-acteurs du Parc, qui évolue dans un mille-feuille de normes et de valeurs. Ilmet en lumière des dynamiques innovantes qui aident à penser une gestion plus ajustéeet inclusive intégrant les différents registres de savoirs
Mystérieuse faune du large
No full textBaleines, requins, oiseaux, tortues, thons... la faune qui peuple le parc naturel de la mer de Corail, depuis les profondeurs marines jusqu'aux récifs, est remarquable à biendes égards. Cette biodiversité exceptionnelle ne se résume pas à une simple liste d'espèces océaniques et patrimoniales. Ce chapitre présente les groupes d'animaux les plus emblématiques du Parc,en particulier ceux évoluant dans les eaux du large. Il explore également leurs habitats, comportements, déplacements, ainsi que les interactions entre espèces et avec l'homme. Diverses missions et études scientifiques ont mis en lumièrela valeur inestimable de ce patrimoine biologique, tout en soulignant sa grande vulnérabilité face aux activités humaines et aux menaces comme le changement climatique
LexiKa: a collaborative lexical database for Kanak languages
No full textInternational audienceWhile current language models (LLMs) are mainly trained on massively resourced dominant languages, creating a significant linguistic divide with so-called “rare” indigenous languages, the web-based dictionary management application developed by the DiKaLa project represents a significant innovation in the digital transition and enhancement of Pacific languages. Developed specifically for the Kanak languages of New Caledonia, this application enables collaborative editing of data extracted from digitized historical dictionaries, as well as their augmentation, while respecting the linguistic specificities of each language (phonetic inventory, orthographic choices, morpho-lexical structuring). The application combines modern technology with traditional knowledge, enabling linguists, researchers and native speakers to work together on existing dictionaries. It incorporates advanced functionalities including a modification traceability system to preserve the history of collaborative interventions; an intuitive interface for adding and modifying definitions, examples and metadata, as well as an option for validating or updating the orthography of entries in order to participate in the dissemination of official and recent writing proposals for these languages. Diatopic variations are also taken into account thanks to the possibility of Diatopic variations are also taken into account, thanks to the possibility of localizing dialectal variants with a place, district or area name. This application represents a first phase in the process of creating digital tools targeted at Kanak languages, and is intended to be transposable to other Oceanic languages. It is part of a perspective in which modern digital technologies can serve the preservation of the Oceanic linguistic heritage, thus contributing to the vitality and transmission of Pacific languages for future generations
Monitoring Olive Tree and Identifying Olive-Growing Formation Using Very High Satellite Imagery : A Case Study of the Ouezzane Province in Morocco
No full textInternational audienceIn Morocco, olive groves are a predominant feature of many agricultural landscapes, resulting from both a long agricultural history and more recent national programs such as the Green Morocco Plan Plan Maroc Vert. Within this context, the ClimOliveMed and Future for Olive projects aimed to test a deliberative approach involving scientists, farmers, and olive sector stakeholders to identify desirable solutions and future scenarios for olive cultivation. From an environmental perspective, the project pursued two main objectives: (i) to identify the different types of olive groves, and (ii) to assess whether environmental factors such as -- topography -- influence their spatial distribution. Using very high resolution Pléiades satellite imagery 2023, we developed a methodology combining supervised classification with spatial analysis based on geometric features, in order to map the different types of olive groves and examine the correlation between topography and the distribution of olive cultivation. For this study, we focused on the site of Bni Quolla (covering an area of 192 km²) as a pilot site to validate the method prior to its application at the scale of the Ouezzane province
Fluvial dynamics in a deltaic environment under Little Ice Age intense climatic forcing (Bras de Fer, Rhône delta, France)
No full textInternational audienceThis study reconstructs the fluvial dynamics of the Bras de Fer distributary in the Rhône Delta (France) during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to short-term climatic forcing. A multiproxy approach combining historical cartography, sedimentology, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and hydrological archives reveals accelerated meander migration and extensive overbank accretion between the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries CE. Increased flood frequency, coinciding with positive phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO+), promoted rapid lateral channel shifts and the formation of crevasse splay complexes along the outside bank of the Grande Ponche meander. The results demonstrate that, despite stable relative sea levels, deltaic morphology remained highly sensitive to decadal-scale climatic variability, highlighting the dominant role of hydrological extremes in shaping fluvial-deltaic environments of Rhône delta during the late LIA
The EPS-producing Paraburkholderia ultramafica: A tool for enhanced ecological restoration and metal bioremediation.
No full textInternational audiencePlant- associated bacteria are adapted to diverse environments, and most, known as plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), have been shown to enhance plant growth and health, as well as increase resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Many PGPRs secrete mixtures of high- molecular- weight exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in response to physiological stress. EPSs have been shown to bind metals in soil, affecting the solubility of metal phosphates and, consequently, plant nutrition. Additionally, metal-resistant PGPRs can reduce metal stress in plants by decreasing the bioavailability of trace metals through complexation with their secreted EPSs. New Caledonia is a unique biodiversity hotspot, with one-third of the main island covered by ultramafic soils. These environments are exploited for ores such as Ni, Co, and Cr; therefore, sustainable and economically viable strategies are needed for ecological restoration and metal bioremediation.Paraburkholderia ultramafica STM 10279 T, a metal-tolerant rhizobacterium that promotes plant growth, was isolated from the roots of Tetraria arundinaceae, a pioneer endemic tropical herb growing on ultramafic soils in New Caledonia. We have reported that its metal tolerance is linked to the production of an acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS). To investigate the role of this EPS in environmental adaptation, we first elucidated its structure using a combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. It is a highly branched EPS composed of galactosyl (35. 8%), glucosyl (33. 2%), rhamnosyl (19. 5%), mannosyl (7. 7.2%), and glucuronosyl residues (4.4%). Subsequently, greenhouse experiments were conducted on Tetraria comosa plantlets inoculated with P. ultramafica or a solution of its EPS during transplanting onto ultramafic substrate. The results showed that the dry weight of T. comosa shoots was 2. 2.5 times higher in plants treated with the EPS compared to untreated plants. Analysis of plantlet composition revealed that exposure to the EPS significantly increased Ca, Mg, K, and P uptake, as well as K content and metal retention in roots. Furthermore, in vitro experiments using the Pikovskaya method demonstrated that the EPS could solubilize phosphorus. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of the rhizobacterial EPS on plant growth and metal stress reduction. Ongoing research seeks to see if this EPS can be developed as a biostimulant for promoting plant growth and adaptation to ultramafic soils. It could also be a useful tool in global bioremediation efforts to restore or clean up areas affected by mining activities
Compte-rendu en anglais : Isabelle Jouteur, L’histoire du rémora. À quoi voulez-vous croire ? Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2023, Bryn Mawr Classical Review online, https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2025/2025.09.18/
No full textCompte-rendu de l'ouvrage d'Isabelle Jouteur sur l'histoire du Rémora
La réparation des désordres affectant la résidence principale : une créance insaisissable
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Palabras en acción: sobre la contaminación en el franquismo y en la transición (España, 1939-1978)”
No full textInternational audienceThe article analyzes the evolution of vocabulary used to refer to pollution and the environment in Spain between 1939 and 1978. Before Franco's regime, there was already a rich terminology linked to water regulation and harmful activities: “pollution,” “sewage,” “smoke,” etc. During the 1940s and 1950s, the lexicon continued to be inherited from the 19th century, focusing on “fumes,” “pollution,” and “harmful emissions.” Sanitary engineers such as Paz Maroto still used this traditional terminology in their technical treatises. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, the terminology changed. Thus, we will study here when and how the lexicon related to pollution and the environment changed under Franco's regime and the transition to democracy. To do this, we will study the original documents from local, regional, and national archives and from various Spanish newspaper libraries.El artículo analiza la evolución del vocabulario usado para referirse a la contaminación y al medio ambiente en España entre 1939 y 1978. Antes del franquismo existía ya una rica terminología ligada a la regulación del agua y las actividades nocivas: "polución", "aguas negras", "humos", etc. Durante los años 1940 y 1950 el léxico siguió siendo heredero del siglo XIX, centrado en "humos", "polución" y "emanaciones nocivas". Ingenieros sanitarios como Paz Maroto empleaban aún esta terminología tradicional en sus tratados técnicos. Sin embargo, durante los años sesenta y setenta la terminología se modificó. Así, estudiaremos aquí cuándo y cómo se modificó el léxico relacionado con la contaminación y el medio ambiente bajo el franquismo y la transición a la democracia. Para ello, estudiaremos los documentos originales de archivos locales, regionales y nacionales y de varias hemerotecas españolas