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2007 research outputs found
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Experimental Study on the Effect of Flow Velocity and Slope on Stream Bank Stability (Part II)
No full textErosion significantly contributes to the instability of riverbanks. The current study considers the issues of instability and erosion that plague the banks of the Al-Muwahada channel. It was a large irrigation channel located west of Baghdad, Iraq. A laboratory flume was constructed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the erosion process on riverbanks. This flume serves as a scaled-down replica of the Almowahada channel. The main structure of the flume consists of a 3-meter steel construction with dimensions of 1 meter in width and 0.6 meters in height. In order to reduce the high flow velocity, it was periodically linked to quieting tanks with dimensions of 1 meter in width, 1.5 meters in height, and 0.4 meters in thickness. The flume's sidewalls are constructed with plexiglass that is 4 mm in thickness. Furthermore, a water reservoir with a capacity of 1800 liters was introduced into the flume. A riverbank was constructed with two slope angles, one at 45º and the other at 60º. The bank was then subjected to five different velocities. The experimental results indicate the velocity of flow and slope angle of the riverbank are the primary factors that influence the stability of the riverbank. The tipping point between erosion and deposition rises increasingly as the flow velocity increases. The majority of the sediment at the bottom, particularly on the near side of the bank, is the result of bank erosion. As the slope angle of the riverbank approaches 37°, it becomes more stable. The erosion-induced deformation in the riverbank with a slope angle of 45º is greater than that in the riverbank with a slope angle of 60º. The investigation demonstrated that the 45° angle is more susceptible to erosion caused by the flow velocity than the 60° angle. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-012 Full Text: PD
Green Construction and Local Wisdom Integration for Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe construction industry's environmental impact necessitates a sustainable shift to mitigate resource depletion, emissions, and biodiversity loss. Integrating local wisdom offers innovative, adaptive solutions grounded in deep environmental understanding, potentially transforming construction practices toward sustainability. This study aims to identify aspects, challenges, impacts, and strategies in green construction practices integrated with local wisdom. The PRISMA framework methodology was used to conduct a comprehensive systematic review with qualitative analysis using NVivo software. Nine aspects of green construction integrated with local wisdom were identified, with cultural heritage preservation the dominant aspect. Eleven challenges were uncovered, with balancing tradition and innovation as the main challenges. Seven impacts on the economy, society, and environment were identified, with construction cost efficiency, improvement of community quality of life, and promotion of a circular economy and sustainable waste management as the dominant impacts. Thirteen strategies were identified, with active engagement of local communities in the construction process as the main strategy. The novelty of this research is a comprehensive review of the integration of green construction with local wisdom, which can be used as a guide in sustainable construction practices responsive to local environmental and social conditions and promote economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-020 Full Text: PD
Study on Pull-Up Behavior of Double Fold Anchor with Field Full Scale Test
No full textSeveral studies have been conducted on the use of anchors, including numerical analysis, experimental testing, and field-scale testing. These studies have provided insights into anchor behavior in terms of pull-up capacity and soil failure models under tensile loading. Specifically, for the use of anchors in cohesive or soft soils, it is possible to innovate by using anchor elements with various dimensional or surface area changes. This research aims to design anchors for cohesive soils that can be easily applied in the field and have high tensile capacity, determine the pull-up capacity of double-fold type ground anchors, and analyze the effect of the depth of double-fold anchors. The results of pullout and tensile capacity testing on double-fold anchors showed significant variations at each test location. At the first location, Sungai Kariango, high tensile capacity occurred at relatively shallow embedment depths, influenced by the type and bearing capacity of the soil at the test site. At the second location, although the soil was relatively soft, the tensile capacity was similar to the first location but with deeper embedment depths. At the third location, the consistency of soil type and soil strength at the two test points resulted in similar tensile capacities. This indicates that the type and strength, or bearing capacity, of the soil at the test site, as depicted by cone resistance parameters (qc), significantly affect the tensile capacity of the anchor. The better the soil strength and bearing capacity at the test site, the greater the tensile capacity of the anchor that can be achieved. A deep understanding of soil characteristics through CPT is essential in determining the design and embedment depth of anchors to achieve optimal tensile capacity. Through this research, it is expected to obtain optimal tensile capacity results for anchors and develop a double-fold type ground anchor model that is easy to install in the field, suitable for various structures with high tensile loads, and susceptible to uplift in soft soil layers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-012 Full Text: PD
Optimizing Mortar Mixtures with Basalt Rubble: Impacts on Compressive Strength and Chloride Penetration
No full textThis research aims to establish a theoretical framework for developing binders from waste materials to reduce cement use in mortar production. It specifically examines the potential of ground basalt rubble (BS) as a supplementary binding material for partially replacing Portland cement Type 1 (OPC) in mortar mixtures. Various substitution ratios of BS, specifically 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by binder weight, were tested while maintaining a constant water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of 0.45. Superplasticizers (SP) were utilized to ensure consistent workability and flow of the mixtures. The SEM-EDS analysis was conducted to examine the microstructure of the cement paste, confirming the presence of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases resulting from the pozzolanic reactions of BS. The findings showed that, at the 7-day test, replacing cement with 10% and 20% basalt rubble (BS) by weight of the binder yielded compressive strengths of 97% and 92% compared to the control (CT) mortar. In contrast, replacements of 30% and 40% BS resulted in compressive strengths of 72% and 60% of the CT mortar, respectively. Results from 28-day tests showed that replacing 10% of OPC with BS not only increased the compressive strength but also significantly decreased chloride penetration compared to the control mortar (CT). This enhancement suggests that BS can effectively replace 10%-20% of cement, with the compressive strength of the mortar ranging from 92% to 107% of that of the control. The findings accentuate the potential of using industrial by-products such as ground basalt rubble to reduce waste, alleviate environmental impacts, and promote the development of sustainable construction materials. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-013 Full Text: PD
Analysis of Climate Change Scenarios Using the LARS-WG 8 Model Based on Precipitation and Temperature Trends
No full textGlobal food production and water distribution are at risk due to increasing temperatures and changing precipitation trends. The main objective of the study was to analyze the climate trend and future projections in seven stations in southern Iraq. The period (1981–2020) was designated as a base period. The periods (2021-2040) and (2041-2060) were defined as the future two periods. The Mann-Kendall trend test was employed to assess trends utilizing XLSTAT. The study employed the most recent version of the LARS-WG 8 model to forecast climate change by using three GCMs (ACCES-ESM1-5, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, and MRI-ESM2-0). These simulations are based on two scenarios (SSP-245 and SSP-585). The statistical indicators provided support for the outcomes of model calibration and validation, demonstrating its competence and reliability. The results of this analysis indicate that there is a non-significant increase in precipitation and a considerable increase in both maximum and minimum temperatures during the period (1981-2060). The downscaled result reveals an increase in monsoon precipitation in the range of 2.233-2.831 mm under SSP-245 and SSP-585, respectively, compared with the base periods 1981-2020 during the Near Future and 1.988-2.543 mm during the mid-future. Also, annual maximum/minimum temperature increases in the range of (1.156-1.549 °C) and (1.486-1.770 °C) during the Near Future. (2.095-2.892 °C) and (1.486-1.770 °C) during the mid-future, respectively, for SSP-245 and SSP-585. These outcomes can enhance understanding to develop strategies for mitigating and adapting to these impacts. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-014 Full Text: PD
Experimental Study on Strength and Performance of Foamed Concrete with Glass Powder and Zeolite
No full textCement manufacturing accounts for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. To mitigate environmental impact and achieve "net zero” by 2050, developing cementitious materials that minimize cement consumption is crucial. This research aims to reduce cement usage in Foamed Concrete (FC). The study investigates the mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of FC using two distinct Supplementary Cementitious Admixtures (SCA): Glass Powder (GP) and natural zeolite. Cement was replaced with SCA at varying percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight) in FC. The FC density was adjusted by incorporating foam at 15% and 30% of the total volume of concrete. The study evaluated the flowability of each mix in its fresh state. The mechanical properties were assessed by measuring compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The performance of FC was further analyzed in terms of thermal conductivity, sorptivity, and water absorption. The test results revealed that FC with GP combinations exhibited high flowability and an improved strength-to-density ratio. Additionally, water absorption, sorptivity, and thermal conductivity were significantly reduced compared to conventional FC. An extensive cost-benefit analysis highlighted the feasibility of utilizing common waste materials to produce high-grade FC and assessed the impacts of cementitious admixtures as viable alternatives to cement. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-12-06 Full Text: PD
Analysis and Prediction of Tidal Measurement Data from Temporary Stations using the Least Squares Method
No full textThis research was conducted by equipping three temporary tidal stations located in three places inside Palu Bay with pressure-type tidal gauges. The stations recorded tidal series fluctuations for 4 months with a 5-minute sampling interval (Dt). Moreover, the simple and widely used least squares method (LSM) was applied to separate the harmonic constants of constituents, including amplitudes (Hi) and phases (gi), from the observed tidal series. A total of 11 dominant constituents were selected based on the largest magnitudes of tidal generating potential (CE), and these include M2, K1, S2, O1, P1, N2, Mf, K2, Mm, Q1, and Msf, which were diurnal, semidiurnal, and long-period constituents. The results showed that the semidiurnal constituents generated higher amplitudes than the diurnal constituents, while the long-period constituents produced quite small amplitudes. Furthermore, the ratios of amplitudes recorded showed that tidal in Palu Bay was mainly mixed with semidiurnal constituents. The difference between the observed and predicted values was quite small, and this showed the validity of the measurement conducted at the temporary tidal stations. The performance indicators applied also showed that LSM had acceptable accuracy compared to other methods. Moreover, tidal datums were calculated using the peak approach, and the average tidal range (RA) of Palu Bay was found to be 2.39 m. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-03 Full Text: PD
Integration of Artificial Intelligence Applications and Knowledge Management Processes for Construction Projects Management
No full textArtificial intelligence systems have gained access to various scientific and research fields, especially in the construction industry. The study seeks to confirm the vital role of introducing Knowledge Management (KM) integrated with Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the projects. It requires qualifying engineers and imposing their current qualifications to achieve the benefits of Integration of AI Applications based on KM processes to perform their professional roles and recognize the need to develop their capabilities through training and development. The field survey was intended only for 85 engineers working on construction projects (public and private sectors). Three axes were clarified to allocate the extent of the sample response and determine the benefits of using the KM process and AI applications for the success of construction projects. The results showed a positive relationship between the demographic variables of the response and the benefit of using the KM process and AI applications and explaining the variance in the regression relationships. Therefore, the study suggests integrating AI applications based on the KM process to achieve business goals and effectively benefit and exchange management, as its use leads to faster and more effective decision-making, especially if the project strategy approves it. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-06 Full Text: PD
The Influence of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Content on the Properties of High-Fly-Ash Self-Compacting Concrete
No full textIn Vietnam, solid waste from construction activities significantly impacts environmental pollution. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete, can serve as a coarse aggregate in concrete production. However, compared to natural aggregates, RCA exhibits distinct characteristics, including lower strength, higher water absorption, and an increased angular and rough surface. These properties may influence concrete's workability, compressive strength, and durability. This research investigates the influence of RCA on the properties of High-Fly-Ash Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). The study explores various replacement levels of natural coarse aggregate with RCA (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), alongside a 50% volume fraction of fly ash. Key concrete properties evaluated include workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and chloride ion permeability. The findings reveal that using 100% RCA in combination with a high fly ash content (50%) produces SCC that meets workability requirements according to EFNARC standards. However, there are trade-offs: the compressive strength decreases by 4.61%, the flexural strength decreases by 3.1%, and chloride ion permeability increases by 57.57% compared to the control sample (using natural aggregates). Notably, the chloride ion permeability of SCC using 100% RCA falls into the category of low permeability. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-04 Full Text: PD
Seismic Performance of Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame with Crumb Rubber Mortar Wall Panel
No full textIn this paper, the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with crumb rubber mortar wall panels is reported. The tests of the crumb rubber mortar were conducted to obtain model parameters for equivalent diagonal compression struts. With a higher percentage of sand replacement by crumb rubber, the unit weight, the compressive strength, the tensile strength, and the modulus of elasticity of the crumb rubber cement mortar are decreased. Nonlinear pushover analysis of a simple frame shows that the RC frame with a wall panel with less crumb rubber demonstrates lower lateral deformation ability. The failure modes are affected by the amount of crumb rubber and are dependent on the modeling choice of the equivalent compression strut as the wall panel representative. Finally, the seismic performance of the RC building was studied by the equivalent static approach to explore the influence of the crumb rubber mortar wall panels on internal forces and deformations of the frame. With a higher percentage of crumb rubber, the weight of the infill wall panels and the overall weight of the building are reduced, which meets lower seismic base shear demand. This benefit is, however, traded off with higher lateral deformation and also higher inter-story drift of the studied building frames. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-09 Full Text: PD