Civil Engineering Journal
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Development of a Cross-Asset Model for the Maintenance of Road and Water Pipe Assets using AHP Method
No full textRoads and water pipe assets undergo various deterioration processes due to the high demand for their services. Maintenance of these assets is often planned as individual assets, and the interdependency among different assets is neglected. An integrated framework for cross-asset maintenance is required for optimum utilization of the available funds for asset maintenance. To date, there are very few studies focusing on the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for cross-asset maintenance of roads and water pipe assets. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated fund allocation model for the maintenance of road and water pipe assets. A model was developed using AHP analysis based on expert opinions captured through a questionnaire in order to obtain optimum maintenance fund allocation for the cross-assets, roads, and water pipes. Then, a case study corridor segment with the considered cross-assets was selected, and a trade-off analysis was conducted for the intervention alternatives considering different levels of service (LOS) of the asset elements. The results of the trade-off analysis can be used to identify the optimum intervention alternative that satisfies the budget requirement and results in the maximum benefit. Overall, asset managers can use the approach presented in the present study to develop a cross-asset fund allocation model when multiple assets are involved in maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01 Full Text: PD
Influence of Sunflower Seed Husks Ash on the Structure Formation and Properties of Cement Concrete
No full textThe limitation of the application of non-renewable materials is one of the solutions to the problem of the sustainable evolution of civilization in the 21st century. Using additional binders in concrete obtained from plant waste will be economically and environmentally beneficial and will also allow us to move closer to achieving sustainable development goals. This study searches for rational composition components and a methodological approach regarding the technological characteristics to get the highest quality elements and prime concrete properties on the basis of sunflower seed husk ash (SSHA). Experimental concrete specimens were manufactured with partial Portland cement substitution with SSHA amounts ranging from 2% to 16% by weight in increments of 2%. This study focuses on investigating the density and workability of the concrete mixture, along with the compressive strength, concrete density, and water absorption. This article used granulometric, microscopic, and X-ray phase analysis methods. Including SSHA in all considered ranges reduces the slump in concrete mixtures. The optimal SSHA content in concrete is up to 12%. An 8% SSHA content has been found to deliver the most favorable mechanical characteristics of the concrete studied. The compressive strength of the investigated concrete has increased by 14.89%, and water absorption has decreased by 15.78%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-08 Full Text: PD
An In-Depth Review on the Eccentric Compression Performance of Engineered Bamboo Columns
No full textThis review paper delves into the eccentric compression performance of engineered bamboo columns, focusing on objectives like evaluating methodologies, influential parameters, and testing techniques for eccentric compression behavior. It employs a systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines to synthesize data from various studies on material properties, design parameters, and construction methods. The findings reveal challenges in predicting failure modes under eccentric compression and the need for a unified model to assess the impact of eccentricity and slenderness ratios on performance. It introduces novel insights into the standardization and testing of engineered bamboo for structural applications. It addresses a significant gap in current research by offering a comprehensive predictive framework for eccentrically loaded, engineered bamboo columns. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-020 Full Text: PD
Influence of Shear Strain on the Deflection of Girders
No full textNumerical calculations are a standard part of modern structural design. Engineers remain particularly interested in real problems where analytical and numerical solutions can be compared with experimental results. Such cases are typical examples of benchmarks because they are used to verify the assumptions introduced. This study shows in detail how shear stresses affect the deflection of a relatively short and high cantilever when the span-to-height ratio of the cross-section is less than five. Such models are frequently used in the design of cantilevers that support heavily loaded beams, for example in the cement industry (e.g., often as structural elements for a heat exchanger system) or for the assessment of short cantilever limit states that appear during excavation in rock sediments. The models are also suitable for designing the various details and joints in the industry of prefabricated elements. This work analyzes in depth the analytical solutions for the displacement field of the linear elastic plane stress theory with two displacement boundary conditions. Also, the solutions were compared with the beam, two-, and three-dimensional numerical models using SAP2000. The results highlight the fundamental principles and solutions behind plane stress and beam theories, with an insight into the advantages and limitations of such models. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-04 Full Text: PD
BIM Maintenance System with IoT Integration: Enhancing Building Performance and Facility Management
No full textThe rapid growth of technology worldwide in different ways drives the construction sector to take the same path. Smart cities, Digital Twins, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and the Internet of Things (IoT) are the trends in this way today. Also, integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized how buildings are designed, constructed, maintained, and managed. On the other hand, the complexity, high cost, need for expertise, and other things make the maintenance process and facility management by human inspections, commercial software, and different tools not suitable for the growth of the technology. This paper presents a proposal for a workflow of integration between BIM, and an algorithm of Maintenance System with IoT and highlights its potential to enhance building performance and facility management. The paper explores this innovative system's underlying principles, benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of BIM, and the proposed algorithm of Maintenance System with IoT integration on various stakeholders, including building owners, facility managers, and occupants by using a case study. The findings collected by a questionnaire for some experts emphasize the importance of adopting this integrated approach to optimize building operations, improve maintenance practices, and create sustainable and intelligent built environments. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-015 Full Text: PD
Application of Soft Computing to Address Uncertainty in Construction Project Management: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textDecision-making in Construction Project Management (CPM) involves numerous ambiguous information and uncertainties due to the nature of construction project. The Soft Computing (SC) approach, which offers several data processing strategies under uncertainty, has been extensively researched in CPM studies for decision problem solving. Decisions that cannot be adequately handled by conventional computer systems are facilitated by the SC approach. The SC approach encompasses a variety of SC techniques that are constantly developing and becoming more widely used to address real construction challenges. This study aims to conduct Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) on the development of mainstream SC techniques and their current application in construction projects. Using an inventive SLR technique, 83 CPM papers covering the years 2018 to 2023 were selected for this study and then classified into four primary application themes of SC in CPM. The research trend was then described using bibliometric analysis. Afterwards, a topic-based qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate the application of SC approaches in the construction field. Several potential challenges to current research were then elaborated. It also contributed to suggesting future directions for the advancement of SC techniques that would be advantageous for construction research and practice. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-020 Full Text: PD
Constitutive Relations for Modelling Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete
No full textThe increasing utilization of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) within the construction industry signifies a pivotal shift towards enhancing structural integrity and durability. Despite the predominant use of steel fibers, exploring macro synthetic fibers has gained momentum due to their potential to address critical challenges, such as workability reduction and corrosion resistance in FRC, without markedly affecting its structural performance. Among the forefronts of FRC research is developing an accurate constitutive model encompassing the diverse behavior of fibers, particularly synthetic ones. This discrepancy necessitates a distinct constitutive model for synthetic fibers to precisely characterize their tensile post-cracking behavior and regulate their design specifications. In this research, a preliminary constitutive model is derived through an inverse analysis procedure employing a Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) optimization method to the load-displacement results of the experimental testing of twenty ASTM C1609 beam samples. The results of the inverse analysis are used to correlate the ASTM C1609 residual flexural tensile strength parameters, fL/600 and fL/150to the stress-strain points defining the uniaxial tensile curve of macro-synthetic fibers, achieving coefficients of determination exceeding 98.5%. The model is statistically confirmed to be a valid constitutive relation for macro-synthetic fibers via successfully representing the post-cracking load-deflection behavior of standardized concrete beams, thereby outperforming traditional constitutive models in simulating the post-cracking behavior of FRC. Moreover, the model demonstrates robust predictive capabilities for the load-deflection curve of externally standardized samples, showcasing its potential for broader application in FRC design and analysis. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-06 Full Text: PD
Artificial Intelligence for Application in Water Engineering: The Use of ANN to Determine Water Quality Index in Rivers
No full textTo improve water quality, total daily loads must be established, and this requires determining the quality of the water in rivers, storage tanks, ponds, and coastal areas. Current methods to evaluate water quality involve the collection of water samples for subsequent laboratory analysis. Although these technologies offer precise measurements for a specific location and time, they are expensive, time-consuming, and do not provide the continuous, temporal, or spatial conditions of water quality that are required for managing, assessing, and monitoring water quality. In order to calculate the water quality, the water quality index is modeled using artificial neural network models that incorporate feedforward neural network backpropagation neural networks and radial neural networks. The water quality index of Malaysia's Klang River was determined by training the artificial network using six major sub-quality parameters. Compared to the current method, the artificial neural network simplifies and expedites the computation of the water quality index. The artificial neural network method could provide a significant saving in terms of money and time while offering a robust assessment of water quality. The proposed method could also be used as an early warning system for pollution of water bodies. The best artificial neural network was the feedforward neural network with one hidden layer containing 5 neurons. Furthermore, conventional approaches for calculating the water quality index rely on empirical equations, often introducing a high degree of approximation and uncertainty into the results. Moreover, these equations cannot be applied when some parameters are not measured. In contrast, the artificial neural network methods and technique offer an efficient and straightforward process for estimating and creating prediction models for water quality index. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-012 Full Text: PD
Comparison of Thermophysical Properties of PIM Feedstocks with Polyoxymethylene and Wax-Polyolefin Binders
No full textOne of the high-performance technologies for the serial production of small-sized metal and ceramic complex-profile parts is powder injection molding (PIM). The most industrially demanded types of polymer binder in PIM technology are polyoxymethylene-based compositions and wax-polyolefin mixtures. Despite the large number of studies devoted to different compositions of polymer binder for PIM technology, the actual task is still a comparative analysis of the properties of different binder types to determine their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the optimization of the used compositions. In this regard, this study aims at a comparative analysis of the thermophysical properties of the most demanded feedstocks with binder based on polyoxymethylene and wax-polyolefin mixtures under the condition of using identical steel powder filler. The specific heat capacity, temperatures, and heat of phase transitions, as well as the thermal inertia and effective thermal conductivity of the compared types of feedstocks, were determined as a result of the calculation-experimental study. The obtained data can replenish the knowledge bases necessary for simulation modeling and optimizing powder molding processes of various products made of 42CrMo4 steel. As a result of a comparative analysis of the thermophysical properties of feedstocks with identical powders, the kinetic effects in the thermal processes of forming feedstocks with polyoxymethylene are less significant than those in analogs with wax-polyolefin binder, which facilitates their moldability. Thus, the feedstock with polyoxymethylene has a significantly higher rate of temperature field leveling than the analogs with wax-polyolefin binder. Because of the insignificant difference in specific heat capacity, feedstocks based on polyoxymethylene have 1.5 times higher effective thermal conductivity and approximately 20% higher thermal inertia than feedstocks with identical powder filler and binder in the form of a wax-polyolefin mixture. The technological advantages of feedstocks with a wax-polyolefin binder include the possibility of processing at lower temperatures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-05 Full Text: PD
Risk-Based Method-Technology Integration on Spun Pile Production for Product and Service Quality
No full textThe research aims to identify the risk factors and the medium-high risks to use as the basis for the innovative method of spun pile manufacturing technology. The research uses the Delphi method to analyze and review the validity of content construction, pilot and respondent surveys, focus group discussions, and expert validation. The findings show utilizing and optimizing the technology on production machinery is influential for results on both product and service quality. The dominance category in the medium-risk technology indicates the need for improvement in the operator's competence. The result also indicates the largest medium risk is during the initial integration, Cutting and Heading at 84%, and the final step, Stressing and Spinning, at 59%. The research improvement to map the production process is related to the medium and high risks to know where and how the industry can improve. This risk-based technology and integration method is a proposed method using an approach to innovation management by reducing the risk values. Innovation by improving the standard operational procedure (SOP) was based on the relation of each activity during the integration within the risk category of medium-medium, medium-high, and high-high. We recommend improving SOP and utilizing information technology on precision for both subprocesses. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-015 Full Text: PD