National Journal of Health Sciences
Not a member yet
374 research outputs found
Sort by
The Prognostic Value of Tumor Budding in Breast Biopsies and its Relationship with Survival: A Cross Sectional Study
No full textAbstract: Background: In 1954 Imai described Tumor Budding (TB), as a tumor sprouting at the invasive tumor front of colorectal carcinomas. TB is associated with poor prognosis. TB has prognostic importance in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Objective: The present study aims to examine TB in breast needle core biopsy specimens with invasive ductal type carcinoma, and its relationship with other clinicopathological parameters and overall survival.
Materials and Methods: From February 2015 to December 2022, patients who had undergone breast carcinoma surgery at the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital and had preoperative needle core biopsies at the same center were retrospectively analyzed. Needle core biopsy slides were re-evaluated for TB. Tumor size, and nodal status, were retrieved from pathology reports. Overall survival was considered. Analysis of the data was done with statistical software (SPSS 18.0 for Windows, IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: 122 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study and control groups were 55±12 years and 54±11 years, respectively. TB was identified in 68 (55%) patients; the rest 54 (45%) patients didn’t have any TB. The median value of the metastatic axillary lymph node in the TB absent group was 0 (0-51); in the TB group was 1 (0-21), and this was statistically significant (p=0.03). Lymphovascular invasion was detected in 33 patients (48.5%) in the TB present group and in 14 patients (25.9%) in the TB absent group. That was statistically significant (p=0.01). In the overall survival analysis, mean survival times were lower in the TB group compared to the TB absent group, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.33).
Conclusion: In conclusion, tumor budding is a robust prognostic indicator; therefore, assessing tumor budding especially in core needle biopsy specimens will be very helpful for individual treatment options
Determinants of Partial Stone Clearance after Mini-PCNL in the Pediatric Population
No full textAbstract: Background: The prevalence of renal stones in pediatric population is increasing in Pakistan, to minimize the adverse outcomes of renal stone disease accurate diagnosis and proper management is necessary.
Objective: This study aim to evaluate the risk factors of partial stone clearance after mini-PCNL in the pediatric population of Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at Godhra Hospital, Karachi, during 2021, patients diagnosed with single or multiple renal stones requiring PCNL were enrolled in the study, Guy’s stone score was used as a prediction method for complete clearance. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data, chi-square test was used to assess the significance of the data keeping a p-value ?0.05 as significant. The risk estimation was analyzed with the help of the odds ratio test.
Result: A total of 234 participants with mean age of 6.4 ± 4.8 years were enrolled. Stone clearance was reported 203 (86.7%) and 31 (13.2%) residual fragments. 09 (3.8%) out of the residual stone group needed intervention for complete clearance while the remaining were reported as stone free after 4 weeks with METs. The mean residual stone size was 0.7 ± 0.3, upon assessing the determinants maximum patients had Staghorn (> 4) cms stone size with 7 (2.9%) of patients out of 13 (5.5%). The odds of having partial clearance were reportedly positive with 2.34 in staghorn ? 4cms stone size and 1.62 in Grade IV Guy’s stone score.
Conclusion: Stone size ? 4.0 cm and staghorn calculi present in all calyces are independent risk factors for partial stone clearance after Mini-PCNL
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Single Institute Study
No full textAbstract: Background: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-established oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) affecting people of Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka because these nations have a long-standing history of chewing areca nut.
Objective: The primary objective of the current study was to assess the clinical features of OSMF in patients presented to the Department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: This study was done on OSMF patients who came to the Oral Medicine department of Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2020 to July 2021. Clinicopathological parameters of OSMF like age, gender, habits and its frequency and duration, clinical signs and symptoms and stages were recorded.
Result: There were a total of 60 patients of which 35 were males and 25 were females. The mean age of study subjects was calculated to be 36.46±11.96 years. More than 50% of the participants were using a combination of various tobacco products. Most of the patients in our study were of stage III followed by stages II, I and IV. 70% of patients had buccal fibrous bands bilaterally, 36.66% of patients had tongue restriction and 60% of patients complained of burning sensation in the mouth.
Conclusion: OSMF becomes a disease of the young generation with a slight male predilection. The majority of individuals suffered from a severe and advanced form of the disease. The development of diagnostic aids is necessary to stop the disease in its early stages
Antifungal Potential of Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Candida Species
No full textAbstract: Background: The frequency of fungal infections targeting immune-suppressed patients has been prominently rising day by day. Among these infections, Candidiasis is one of the most common life-threatening systemic fungal infections in recent years. These infections are challenging to treat because of the inconvenience of effective antifungal drugs. Therefore, the insufficiency of current drug regimens coupled with constant mutations by the fungi to develop drug resistance can pose a potential problem for future anti-fungal treatments. This frequent increase in drug-resistant fungi has directed attention toward the use of alternative therapy from natural sources.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Pseudomonas aeruginosa for its antifungal potential against Candida species.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan during 2021-2022. For the detection of the antifungal compound, a clinical isolate P. aeruginosa HS 28 (identified conventionally as well as by 16S r RNA analysis) was screened for its bioactivity against Candida species by using agar well diffusion technique. The growth kinetics as well as the effect of different physical and chemical factors were also determined in the study. The compound was also partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation.
Result: This antifungal compound showed good inhibitory activity against Candida species such as Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, etc. This compound retained its stability at a high range of temperatures, and varying pH. Moreover, its bioactivity was also conserved when treated with organic solvents, chloroform vapors, metal salts, and different surfactants/detergents. The growth kinetics analysis illustrated that the maximum production of antifungal compounds occurred in the log phase of growth and extended supreme until the late log phase. Furthermore, the highest saturation of this protein was achieved at the concentration of 60% ammonium sulfate.
Conclusion: The overall results indicated the promising antifungal potential of the compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HS 28 against Candida species
The Prevalence of Migraine Headache and the Health-Seeking Behavior of Medical Undergraduates in Punjab
No full textAbstract: Background: Neurological headaches have been on the rise recently; among these, migraine is the most common. Younger individuals are more prone to this, and it affects their quality of life to a great extent.
Objective: To identify the prevalence, specific characteristics, and relieving factors of migraine as well as the healthcare-seeking practice among undergraduate medical students of Punjab.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on undergraduate medical students of Punjab from June to September 2021. Convenience sampling was used to select 150 students. A validated questionnaire assessed the prevalence of migraine headaches, symptoms, and relieving factors.
Result: The females reported a higher prevalence, 78.57%, than males. Of all the types observed, 67.74% suffered from migraines, 22% suffered from tension headaches, and 9.8% had cluster and other headaches. The prevalence of headaches was most significant among subjects aged 20 to 2 years (37.93%). The top three symptoms experienced before the start of the migraine were disturbance from lights, disturbance by sound, and mood swings. The top three symptoms experienced during migraine were disturbance from light, difficulty in concentration, and irritation from sound. The top three relieving factors were rest, sleep, quietness, and massage.
Conclusion: Migraine is more prevalent in females than males, especially younger adults. Proper sleep/rest, avoiding stress, noise, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyles can significantly prevent migraine headaches. Disturbance from light was the most common symptom experienced before and during headaches. The most common relievers were rest and sleep
Nanotechnology: A New Era of Incredible Developments in the Field of Dentistry
No full textThe science and engineering that is conducted at the nanoscale is termed nanotechnology. In this, the materials that are used have components smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Such materials are called nanomaterials and may include clusters, fibers, grains, nanoholes, or a combination of these forms. The surface area of such particles is increased and as a result, the material’s chemical, physical as well as optical properties get improved [1]. Nanotechnology is emerging as an interdisciplinary field and has brought about a remarkable paradigm shift in medicine and dentistry [2]
Application of Jean Watson Theory on Patient with Polytrauma
No full textAbstract: Nursing is emerging as a distinct health profession that has its own unique values, knowledge, and practice. Application of nursing theories into practice help the nurses to understand their unique contribution to health care settings. Watson’s theory is an example of theory based nursing practice that can enhance human health and healing in stressful life events, such as the moment when patient in this case realized his inability to mobilize. The purpose of this case study was to assess the application of Watson’s theory during the implementation of nursing care in patients with polytrauma. This case study presents the application of Watson’s Theory on patient with polytrauma. Watson’s theoretical concepts i.e. caring process and clinical caritas contributed effectively in providing care to the patients in stressful life situations
Incidence of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Need for Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients who have Undergone Elective PCI in the Last 3 Years in a Tertiary Care Hospital
No full textAbstract: Background: With more than 660,000 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) carried out each year nationwide, Post-procedure acute kidney damage, sometimes referred to as contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), can complicate up to 14% of all PCIs.
Objective: The aim of this study is to provide an assessment of the frequency of contract-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing PCI in a single healthcare center.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, clinical research conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, from 20th June 2023 to 30th August 2023. Diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease was made and elective or emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed. SPSS 22 used to analyze the data. For the continuous variables, mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR) were performed.
Result: A total of 166 patients were enrolled in the study, Mean age estimation of the study population was 63 ± 9.31 years, acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 11 (6.6%) while 157 (94.5%) had no AKI incident. Serum creatinine of baseline 1.4 ± 1.2 mg/dL and 2.1 ± 21.0 mg/dL, day 03 (after 48 hours) 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/dL and 2.5 ± 1.9 mg/dL, and day 30 1.4 ± 1.1 mg/dL and 2.0 ± 1.9 mg/dL were estimated in AKI and non-Aki patients respectively, and results indicated a mean difference of 0.7 ± 0.6 mg/dL in baseline serum creatinine of AKI patients and non-AKI patients. The remaining laboratory investigations were insignificant.
Conclusion: However, CA-AKI is a concern for subspecialties especially cardiology leading to withholding of clinically indicated intervene tions causing an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study identified that patient characteristics such as comorbidities can lead to CA-AKI
Weight Regain Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Morbid Obesity
No full textAbstract: Background: Sleeve gastrectomy is the common bariatric procedure done for morbid obesity, but there are limited studies available, specifically from South Asia. In Pakistan, no such study has been done before.
Objective: The main outcome of the study was Excess weight loss (EWL) and Weight Regain (WR) after Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and to see improvement in co-morbid associated with morbid obesity.
Materials and Methods: The patients who underwent Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity were analyzed retrospectively. From June 2017 to June 2019, in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Patients whose BMI exceeds 40 kg/m² or falls between 35-39 kg/m² accom- panied by one or more comorbidities, and have undergone at least three years of follow-up. Redo procedures of LSG were excluded. Data was obtained from patients’ charts and hospital database, and last follow-ups were done by telephonic survey.
Result: In 171 patients 56.72% were female. Mean BMI was 48.5kg/m2. %EWL was 77.90% and total body weight loss was (% TBWL ) 39.48. Weight regain WR was 25.7 %, Regain of > 25%EWL was 14%. Increase in BMI >5/kgm2 was 17.5%. DM remission was 70% (28 pts) while in 30% (12) improved. Hypertension in 54.28% (38) pts improved and in 45.71% (32) hypertension completely resolved. Obstructive sleep apnea was resolved completely by 93.6 % (44). Osteoarthritis improved (by 78.4 %). GERD was developed in vivo in 14% of patients postoperatively. Lap chole for symptomatic gall stones was done in 9.35% of post-lap sleeve gastrectomy patients during follow-up.
Conclusion: Weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy was significant but still the post-operative co-morbid remission was promising
Effect of Punctuated Lectures on Undergraduate Nursing Students Classroom Learning: A Mixed Methods Design
No full textAbstract: Background: The punctuated lecture is the teaching learning strategy which can promote interactive and student centered learning activities to enhance their learning. Implementing punctuated lecture can enhance student engagement in learning activities. This can positively impact their learning.
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of punctuated lecture strategy on undergraduate nursing students’ tests scores.
To explore the perceptions of students’ regarding the process of punctuated lectures.
Materials and Methods: A mixed methods embedded design was conducted. A quasi-experimental post-test design was used with 102 under- graduate students from the private college of nursing, Islamabad. The study duration was from October, 2020-July, 2021. Punctuated lectures were applied as an intervention in three different nursing courses (Pathophysiology, Mental Health Nursing, Teaching and Learning) by select- ing five topics each. After 20 minutes of session, the experimental group was asked to write reflection and feedback, and control group was involved in group discussion. Reflection and feedback, and post-test scores were used for analysis.
Result: The overall mean learning scores were higher in the experimental group in comparison to the control group (6.42 ± 2.32 versus 4.91±2.73) with a statistically significant p-value =0.001. By analysis of reflection and feedback, two categories and subcategories were identified.
Conclusion: It is concluded that punctuated lecture method is beneficial for improving learning outcomes and helping students to develop an interest in learning, clear their concepts, increase knowledge, and retain information. Nurse educators can implement punctuated lecture strategy to improve classroom learning outcomes